Oscillations of a viscous liquid in a cylindrical container

The natural damped frequencies of a viscous liquid in a circular cylindrical container are obtained for slipping and anchored contact line at the container wall r = a. In addition the response to translational forced excitation has been determined. The results may also be applied to viscous liquid in a micro-gravity environment, as long as the contact angle of the liquid surface to the cylindrical container wall is in the vicinity of π/2, indicating, that the free liquid surface equilibrium position remains a plane surface. It could be found that there exists in contrast to frictionless liquid a small filling range, in which the liquid performs only an aperiodic motion. The adherence condition at the side wall was replaced by the somewhat weaker condition of an anchored contact line.     

能量包线随机平均法在双线性迟滞系统随机响应分析中的应用

 本文将能量包线随机平均法应用于分析单自由度双线性迟滞系统对白噪声激励的随机响应,详细分析了位移、速度及总能量的平稳响应各统计量随系统粘性阻尼、次斜率及激励强度的变化。解析结果与数字模拟结果比较表明,该方法优于迄今为止用于双线性迟滞系统随机响应分析的其他近似方法。     

Frictionless liquid sloshing in circular cylindrical container configurations

If the free liquid surface in a circular cylindrical container is covered with solid structural parts, the natural frequencies and the response of the liquid in the container is drastically changed. This is also expressed by a much lower flow behavior inside the container. The benefit of a partly covered free surface plane lies in the shifting of the natural propellant frequencies above and away from the control frequency of a space vehicle, and in the decrease of the sloshing masses participating in the dynamic motion of the system. The fundamental natural frequency of a non-viscous and incompressible liquid has been determined for increasing width of an annular ring baffle attached to the tank wall. With increasing structural coverage of the free surface the natural frequencies increase considerably. The response to translational excitation has also been numerically evaluated and shows the shifting of the resonances to higher values. The procedure presented here may without any difficulties also be applied to various arbitrary coverages of the free liquid surface. It may also be used as a test case for purely numerical methods, such as finite element methods and others.     

Non-random vibration analysis for general viscous damping systems

The authors recently developed a kind of non-probabilistic analysis method, named as ‘non-random vibration analysis’, to deal with the important random vibration problems, in which the excitation and response are both given in the form of interval process rather than stochastic process. Since it has some attractive advantages such as easy to understand, convenient to use and small dependence on samples, the non-random vibration analysis method is expected to be an effective supplement of the traditional random vibration theory. In this paper, we further extend the non-random vibration analysis into the general viscous damping system, and formulate a method to calculate the dynamic response bounds of a viscous damping vibration system under uncertain excitations. Firstly, the unit impulse response matrix of the system is obtained by using a complex mode superposition method. Secondly, an analytic formulation of the system dynamic response middle point and radius under uncertain excitations is derived based on the Duhamel's integral, and thus the upper and lower response bounds of the system can be obtained. Finally, two numerical examples are investigated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

粘性气体中粘性液体射流分裂与雾化机理研究

采用线性稳定性分析的方法对粘性气体中的粘性液体射流的分裂与雾化机理进行了分析,数值计算表明:液体射流分裂与雾化过程中存在一临界气体韦伯数We2c=1,We2＜We2c对应的是射流分裂过程,We2＞We2c对应的是射流雾化过程,射流分裂过程和雾化过程的机理有所不同.当We2＜1时,We2对射流分裂过程具有稳定性的作用;当We2＞1时,We2对射流雾化过程起着不稳定性的作用.液体Reynolds数Re1在整个射流过程中始终起着不稳定性的作用,气体Reynolds数Re2的作用却相反.气液密度比Q,即气动力在整个射流分裂与雾化过程中始终起着不稳定性的作用.     

气流激励下叶片振动响应分析方法

为开展气流激励下叶片振动响应分析方法研究,建立了气动激振力预估方法,采用非线性谐波法对叶排进行三维非定常流动分析,获得叶片表面的脉动压力,编制流固转换程序,计算叶片所受的气动激振力.建立了叶片气动阻尼分析方法,基于能量法和弱耦合分析法,对叶片与流场进行流固弱耦合分析,将气动力对运动的叶片所做的气动负功等效为黏滞阻尼力所...     

叶片摩擦阻尼器的优化设计方法研究

为减小叶片振动应力 ,防止叶片出现大应力的疲劳破坏 ,在叶片上设计干摩擦阻尼结构是最常用的方法之一。本文对叶片缘板摩擦阻尼器的工程优化设计方法进行了研究。研究了摩擦阻尼器参数对叶片响应的影响规律并提出了设计时应采取的措施。在阻尼器的材料和摩擦面结构已确定的情况下 ,优化设计的最主要的一个参数就是接触面的法向正压力 ,基于实际发动机中叶片激振力和粘性阻尼不易精确确定的实际 ,研究了激振力和粘性阻尼对法向正压力优化的影响 ,并提出了一种法向正压力的优化方法。由于这一优化方法对激振力和粘性阻尼值并不敏感 ,因此为工程上进行法向正压力的优化提供了理论方法     

Large eddy simulations of a turbulent mixing layer periodically excited with fundamental and third harmonic frequency

A better understanding of the mixing behavior of excited turbulent mixing layers is critical to a number of aerospace applications. Previous studies of excited turbulent mixing layers focused on single frequency excitation or the excitation with fundamental and its second harmonic frequency. There is a lack of detailed studies on applying low and higher frequency excitation. In this study, we have performed large-eddy simulations of periodically excited turbulent mixing layers. The excitation consists of a fundamental frequency and its third harmonic. We have used phase-averaging to identify the vortex structure and strength in the mixing layer, and we have studied the vortex dynamics. Two different vortex paring mechanisms are observed depending on the phase shift between the two excitation frequencies. The influence of these two mechanisms on the mixing of a passive scalar is also studied. It is found that exciting the mixing layer with these low and high frequencies has initially an adverse influence on the mixing process; however, it improves the mixing further downstream of the splitter plate with the excitation using a phase shift of $\mathrm{\Delta }\varphi =\mathrm{\pi }$ showing the best mixing performance. The present works shed lights on the fundamental vortex dynamics, and has great potential for aeronautical, automotive and combustion engineering applications.     

斜齿行星齿轮传动系统振动模式与动载特性

斜齿行星传动在高速重载场合中应用越来越广泛,其振动模式和动载特性研究对减振降噪设计具有重要意义.针对斜齿行星齿轮传动系统,建立了随动坐标系,推导了含陀螺效应的多自由度间隙非线性动力学方程,求解了系统的固有特性.结果表明:斜齿行星齿轮系统存在3种典型振动模式,即轴向平移-扭转耦合振动模式(重根数r=1),径向平移振动模式(重根数r=2)和行星轮振动模式(重根数r=N－3,N>3);综合考虑啮合刚度、齿侧间隙、综合误差和外载荷等激励作用,研究了啮合相位差和激励方式对动载系数的影响规律,结果表明计入啮合相位差时动载系数有所增大,当刚度波动系数ζ=1.723时,系统分岔为2周期次谐响应,随着激励参数的变化,内啮合较外啮合更快的进入混沌状态.      

Satellite observations of type III solar radio bursts at low frequencies

Type III solar radio bursts have been observed from 10 MHz to 10 kHz by satellite experiments above the terrestrial plasmasphere. Solar radio emission in this frequency range results from excitation of the interplanetary plasma by energetic particles propagating outward along open field lines over distances from 5 R to at least 1 AU from the Sun. This review summarizes the morphology, characteristics and analysis of individual as well as storms of bursts. Substantial evidence is available to show that the radio emission is observed at the second harmonic instead of the fundamental of the plasma frequency. This brings the density scale derived by radio observations into better agreement with direct solar wind density measurements at 1 AU and relaxes the requirement for type III propagation along large density-enhanced regions. This density scale with the measured direction of arrival of the radio burst allows the trajectory of the exciter path to be determined from 10 R to 1 AU. Thus, for example, the dynamics and gross structure of the interplanetary magnetic field can be investigated by this method. Burst rise times are interpreted in terms of exciter length and dispersion while decay times refer to the radiation damping process. The combination of radio observations at the lower frequencies and in-situ measurements on non-relativistic electrons at 1 AU provide data on the energy range and efficiency of the wave-particle interactions responsible for the radio emission.     

RANS analysis of the low-Reynolds number flow around the SD7003 airfoil

This paper presents a numerical analysis of the incompressible flow at Reynolds number 6.0×¹⁰⁴ around the Selig–Donovan 7003 airfoil. The airfoil performances have been computed by the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations and large eddy simulations. The airfoil stall and preliminary post-stall have been obtained by both the methods. Some limitations of the RANS turbulence models for low-Reynolds number flows have been overcome by the κ–ω SST-LR model, a recent modification of the well-known SST model. Large-eddy simulations have also been performed for a more detailed analysis of the results. The relevance in the stall mechanism of the laminar separation bubble arising on the airfoil is highlighted. The stall occurs when the laminar bubble present in the leading edge zone and a separated region forming on the central part of the airfoil join together. The κ–ω SST-LR model returns the same stall mechanism as the large eddy simulation. Flows at low-Reynolds numbers can be simulated by the RANS methods, but the choice of the turbulence model is crucial. The κ–ω SST-LR model has provided results in good agreement with the large eddy simulation and the available experimental data.     

X-Ray and extreme ultraviolet emissions from comets

There is significant progress in the observations, theory, and understanding of the x-ray and EUV emissions from comets since their discovery in 1996. That discovery was so puzzling because comets appear to be more efficient emitters of x-rays than the Moon by a factor of 80000. The detected emissions are general properties of comets and have been currently detected and analyzed in thirteen comets from five orbiting observatories. The observational studies before 2000 were based on x-ray cameras and low resolution (E/E1.5–3) instruments and focused on the morphology of x-rays, their correlations with gas and dust productions in comets and with the solar x-rays and the solar wind. Even those observations made it possible to choose uniquely charge exchange between the solar wind heavy ions and cometary neutrals as the main excitation process. The recently published spectra are of much better quality and result in the identification of the emissions of the multiply charged ions of O, C, Ne, Mg, and Si which are brought to comets by the solar wind. The observed spectra have been used to study the solar wind composition and its variations. Theoretical analyses of x-ray and EUV photon excitation in comets by charge exchange, scattering of the solar photons by attogram dust particles, energetic electron impact and bremsstrahlung, collisions between cometary and interplanetary dust, and solar x-ray scattering and fluorescence in comets have been made. These analyses confirm charge exchange as the main excitation mechanism, which is responsible for more than 90% of the observed emission, while each of the other processes is limited to a few percent or less. The theory of charge exchange and different methods of calculation for charge exchange are considered. Laboratory studies of charge exchange relevant to the conditions in comets are reviewed. Total and state-selective cross sections of charge exchange measured in the laboratory are tabulated. Simulations of synthetic spectra of charge exchange in comets are discussed. X-ray and EUV emissions from comets are related to different disciplines and fields such as cometary physics, fundamental physics, x-rays spectroscopy, and space physics.     

某电子设备耐大量级振动组合式减振器研制

某电子设备在飞行过程中遭受均方根加速度高达38 g的振动环境,为了降低其振动响应,采用有限元分析和试验验证相结合的方法,研制了一种新型的组合式橡胶减振器。通过与T型减振器进行对比试验,结果表明,设计的组合式橡胶减振器使电子设备的随机振动响应由38 g下降到11 g,减振效率高达71%,且共振峰放大倍数小于3。     

储液油箱晃振响应分析

根据CCAR25部965条燃油箱晃振试验要求,以数值分析为手段．研究了某机整休油箱在晃动环境下动力学行为。结果表明,液面在晃动过程中几乎处于平面状态,波动很少,可近似为准静态现象;且油箱结构应力响应与激励载荷时间历程趋势一致。可为燃油箱结构设计及试验测试提供参考。     

Response regimes of narrow-band stochastic excited linear oscillator coupled to nonlinear energy sink

This paper draws attention to the issue of the vibration absorption of nonlinear mechanical system coupled to nonlinear energy sink(NES) under the impact of the narrow band stochastic excitation. Firstly, based on the complex-averaging method and frequency detuning methodology,response regimes of oscillators have been researched under the linear impact of coupling a nonlinear attachment with less relativistic mass and an external sinusoidal forcing, of which results turn out that the quasi-periodicity response regime of system which occurs when the external excitation amplitude exceeds the critical values will be the precondition of the targeted energy transfer.Secondly, basing on the path integration method, vibration suppression of NES has been researched when it is affected by a main oscillator with a narrow band stochastic force in the form of trigonometric functions, of which results show that response regimes are affected by the amplitude of stochastic excitation and the disturbance strength. Finally, all these conclusions have been approved by the numerical verification and coincided with the theoretical analysis; meanwhile, after the comparing analysis with the optimal linear absorber, it turns out that the NES which is affected by the narrow band stochastic force could also suppress the vibration of system with a better effect.     

Geomagnetically trapped radiation

This review covers the major developments in radiation-belt phenomenology of the past four years (1970–1973). This has been a period characterized by consolidation and refinement of ideas and measurements related to geomagnetically trapped particles. Significant progress has been made in understanding ion and electron pitch-angle distributions within the context of radial diffusion and pitch-angle diffusion, respectively. Comparison of alpha-particle and proton distributions has helped to clarify the relative strengths of known radial-diffusion mechanisms. Careful measurements have indicated the directional flux of cosmic-ray-albedo neutrons, which constitute (through beta decay) a major source of high-energy ( 20 MeV) inner-belt protons. Inclusion of radial-diffusion and geomagnetic-secular effects has brought the theory of the inner proton belt into reasonable agreement with observation. At very lowL values (L 1.2) atmospheric collisions have been found to facilitate the radial transport of 40 keV protons and 2 MeV electrons. The plasmapause has been identified as an important boundary for plasma instabilities (wave-particle interactions) that lead to particle precipitation and red-arc excitation. Suggestions have followed for artificially simulating such plasmaspheric effects by magnetospheric injection of cold barium or lithium plasma.     

控制力作用柔性喷管动力响应研究

选择某锥筒式扩张段柔性喷管作为目标,用弹簧模型取代柔性接头结构,运用结构动力有限元方法,纽马克差分格式,对结构模型进行了动力载荷作用下的响应分析,获得了三角波、正弦波和反正弦波三种激励下的结构响应结果。      

An inertial parameter identification method of eliminating system damping effect for a six-degree-of-freedom parallel manipulator

A new simple and effective inertial parameter identification method based on sinusoidal vibrations of a six-degree-of-freedom parallel manipulator is proposed. Compared with previously known identification algorithms, the advantages of the new approach are there is no need to design the excitation trajectory to consider the condition number of the observation matrix and the inertial matrix can be accurately defined regardless of the effect of viscous friction. In addition, the use of a sinusoidal exciting trajectory allows calculation of the velocities and accelerations from the measured position response. Simulations show that the new approach has acceptable tolerance of dry friction when using a simple coupling parameter modified formula. The experimental application to the hydraulically driven Stewart platform demonstrates the capability and efficiency of the proposed identification method.     

利用互相关函数进行环境激励下的模态分析

对互相关函数理论的进一步发展作了详细推导 ,探索出一条将互相关函数理论同多种经典模态分析方法相结合进行环境激励下模态分析的方法。以一悬臂梁为试验模型 ,在白噪声激励下将互相关函数代替脉冲响应函数用于多参考点复指数法和特征实现算法进行模态识别 ,并同功率谱峰值法结果进行了对比。研究表明 ,利用互相关函数理论同某些经典模态识别方法相结合能够有效地识别出环境激励下的系统模态参数