Optimal load distribution for tree network processors

A tree network consisting of communicating processors is considered. The objective is to minimize the processing time by distributing the processing load to other nodes. The effect of the order of load distribution on the processing time is addressed. An algorithm which optimally determines the order of load distribution is developed. It is shown that the order depends only on the channel capacity between nodes but not on the computing capability of each node     

Optimal time-varying load sharing for divisible loads

A load sharing problem involving the optimal load allocation of divisible loads in a distributed computing system consisting of N processors interconnected through a bus-oriented network is investigated. For a divisible lend, the workload is infinitely divisible so that each fraction of the workload can be distributed and independently computed on each processor. For the first time in divisible load theory, an analysis is provided in the case when the processor speed and the channel speed are time varying due to background jobs submitted to the distributed system with nonnegligible communication delays. A numerical method to calculate the average of the time-varying processor speed and the channel speed and an algorithm to find the optimal allocation of the workload to minimize the total processing finish time are proposed via a deterministic analysis. A stochastic analysis which makes use of Markovian queueing theory is introduced for the case when arrival and departure times of the background jobs are not known     

Optimal divisible job load sharing for bus networks

Optimal load allocation for load sharing a divisible job over N processors interconnected in bus-oriented network is considered. The processors are equipped with front-end processors. It is analytically proved, for the first time, that a minimal solution time is achieved when the computation by each processor finishes at the same time. Closed form solutions for the minimum finish time and the optimal data allocation for each processor are also obtained     

两次载荷分流齿轮传动构型的静力学均载特性

为改善面齿轮-圆柱齿轮两次载荷分流传动构型的均载特性,考虑齿轮的中心偏移、轴与轴承的承载变形等因素,依据构型的变形协调条件和力矩平衡方程,建立了传动构型的静力学模型,研究了轴的扭转和支撑刚度对均载特性的影响。结果表明:输入轴扭转刚度对均载特性几乎没有影响;分扭轴扭转刚度取合适的比值,则面齿轮分扭传动级可获得较好的均载特性,但圆柱齿轮分扭传动的均载特性几乎无变化;减小双联齿轮轴扭转刚度或增加双联轴支撑刚度可提高该构型的均载特性。因此,为提高该传动构型的均载特性,轴的扭转刚度和支撑刚度需采用参数匹配的设计方法。     

参数对二分支斜齿轮传动动载和均载特性影响

采用集总质量法建立二分支斜齿轮传动系统的动力学模型及动力学方程,考虑轮齿啮合偏差和时变啮合刚度等激励因素,研究分别在不同支承刚度和不同分扭角度情况下,传动系统的动载系数和均载系数的变化规律,得出如下结论:①较大的支承刚度有利于改善传动系统的均载特性和运转平稳性,在16倍初始支承刚度下系统的均载特性已趋近于理想情况;②二分支斜齿轮传动系统的分扭角度对其动载系数和均载系数有较大影响,在分扭角度为110°时系统的均载特性最优;③即使1μm的轮齿啮合偏差也会对系统的均载特性产生较大不良影响,应严格控制.      

GTF发动机星形传动系统多分流均载机理研究

为了揭示GTF(geared turbofan)发动机星形传动系统星轮载荷分配机理,对所有齿轮的偏心误差、齿厚误差、基节误差、安装误差,轴承制造误差等分别进行了当量啮合误差分析,考虑了中心轮同时浮动导致的啮合侧隙变化而引起的浮动啮合误差,建立了针对功率流动闭环特征的各构件角位移协调的精细化均载系数计算模型,计算得到了考虑位移协调和不考虑位移协调的均载系数分别为1.0515和1.0452,获得了相应的均载特性曲线,为设计上确定均载系数、工艺上合理分配及控制公差提供科学依据.      

偏心与齿频误差对封闭差动人字齿轮传动系统动态均载特性的影响分析

基于集中参数理论,建立了封闭差动人字齿轮传动系统动力学模型,模型中考虑了支撑的弹性变形、啮合齿轮副的时变啮合刚度激励、误差激励以及中间浮动构件的影响.引入斜齿轮啮合刚度公式按并联方式计算了人字齿时变啮合刚度,采用傅里叶级数法求解系统动力学方程,获得了系统动态均载系数,分析了偏心与齿频误差对系统均载特性的影响.研究结果表明:差动级均载系数对齿频误差敏感,随齿频误差的增加而增大,均载系数基本不受偏心误差的影响;封闭级均载系数对偏心误差敏感,随偏心误差的增加而增大,均载系数基本不受齿频误差的影响;齿频误差对差动级均载系数的影响比偏心误差对封闭级均载系数的影响大,差动级均载系数大于封闭级均载系数.      

Analysis of CA-CFAR processors for linear-law detection

A method for evaluating the performance of cell-averaging constant false alarm rate (CA-CFAR) processors which use the amplitude of echo signals rather than their squared amplitude is presented. Results for the case of Rayleigh clutter/noise statistics are given. Detection probabilities are evaluated for the case of a Rayleigh fluctuating target embedded in Rayleigh clutter/noise for linear-law CA-CFAR processors. These results are observed to be practically identical to those of square-law CA-CFAR processors for which analytical expressions are readily available. These observations are verified using Monte Carlo simulations. The same conclusion is reached in the case of a nonfluctuating target embedded in Rayleigh clutter/noise for which only simulation results are presented     

扭转刚度对功率分流传动系统均载特性的影响

考虑齿侧间隙、齿轮副间的时变啮合刚度、齿轮偏心误差、轴的扭转以及支撑刚度等,构建了面齿轮-圆柱齿轮两次功率分流传动的动力学模型。利用传动构型的力封闭特点以及将轴的扭转角位移当量转化成线位移的方法,消除了系统方程中的刚体位移。采用Runge-Kutta数值仿真法求解了动力学方程,获得了传动系统的均载系数,并研究了各传动轴扭转刚度对均载系数的影响。结果表明:输入、输出轴的扭转刚度对系统各传动级均载特性几乎没有影响;均载系数对左、右分扭轴和双联轴的扭转刚度较敏感。在双联轴满足强度要求且扭转刚度取较小值时,左、右分扭轴扭转刚度的合理匹配可进一步提高系统的动力学均载特性。      

支撑刚度对行星传动系统动态均载特性的影响

考虑了行星架微位移、时变啮合刚度、旋转阻尼和构件自重,建立了行星传动系统动力学微分方程.利用多领域工程系统建模、分析与优化语言Modelica进行求解,分析了各主要构件支撑刚度对行星传动系统均载特性的影响.研究结果表明:刚性支撑条件下,较小的系统误差都将引起行星轮间载荷分配严重不均匀.一个或者多个构件的支撑刚度小于107N/m时系统能获得较好的均载效果.在构件支撑刚度敏感区间,随着该构件支撑刚度的增大,系统均载性能将迅速恶化.多个构件支撑刚度减小时,系统的均载效果比单个构件支撑刚度减小要好.改变其中某个行星轮的支撑刚度会使载荷在行星轮间重新分配,降低某个行星轮的支撑刚度,其分配的载荷减小.      

Advanced optical processors for multiple degree-of-freedom objectrecognition

Several optical pattern recognition techniques suitable for multiple-degree-of-freedom object recognition are described. These include a correlator, an associate processor, and three feature extractors using moments, chord distributions, and a space-variant feature space. The processing architectures, the algorithm details, and initial results obtained for each approach are presented     

基于变形协调的行星轮系均载特性研究

以2K-H行星齿轮传动系统为研究对象,根据整个系统构成功率流动闭环的特点,建立了系统的力矩平衡条件和变形协调条件,并运用当量啮合误差理论,计算了各个行星轮以及系统的均载系数.从静力学角度分析了各构件的制造误差、安装误差以及浮动对行星传动均载性能的影响.提出了一种新的算法,以供工程应用参考.      

Federated square root filter for decentralized parallel processors

An efficient, federated Kalman filter is developed for use in distributed multisensor systems. The design accommodates sensor-dedicated local filters, some of which use data from a common reference subsystem. The local filters run in parallel, and provide sensor data compression via prefiltering. The master filter runs at a selectable reduced rate, fusing local filter outputs via efficient square root algorithms. Common local process noise correlations are handled by use of a conservative matrix upper bound. The federated filter yields estimates that are globally optimal or conservatively suboptimal, depending upon the master filter processing rate. This design achieves a major improvement in throughput (speed), is well suited to real-time system implementation, and enhances fault detection, isolation, and recovery capability     

行星齿轮系统载荷分配行为机理及影响因素分析

将中心构件轴承弹性变形和太阳轮-行星轮-内齿圈支路的弹性变形分别集中在行星架轴承和行星轮轴承中心得到行星齿轮系统的等效模型,并采用行星架刚体运动来模拟行星齿轮系统的载荷分配行为,从而得到行星齿轮系统的载荷分配求解模型.在此基础上得到了载荷分配与轴承等效刚度、各种误差之间的定量关系,分析了各种影响因素对载荷分配的影响规律.结果表明:当行星架轴承与行星轮轴承的等效刚度相差2个数量级以上时,载荷分配只与行星轮轴承等效刚度和行星轮切向位置误差有关,减小行星轮切向位置误差和行星轮轴承等效刚度可实现均载;行星轮和太阳轮偏心误差使系统受到周期性激励,动态载荷系数增大,因此减小行星轮和太阳轮偏心误差可实现动态均载.     

齿轮分扭传动的均载行为机理及参数匹配分析

为提高分扭传动系统的均载特性,通过构建误差、载荷的分析图,剖析了影响均载性能的机理;考虑支撑刚度、扭转刚度以及齿轮副的时变啮合刚度,采用集中质量法建立了传动系统的动力学模型。通过龙格库塔法求解传动系统动力学模型,计算了传动系统的均载系数;运用正交试验法获得了齿侧间隙、中心距误差对均载特性的影响规律和权重。研究结果表明:齿侧间隙具有相关性,其取值应满足一定的规则;中心距误差无相关性,并车级中心距误差对均载和动载荷系数的影响权重较大。因此,为提高分扭传动构型的均载特性,齿侧间隙、中心距误差需采用参数匹配的设计方法。     

扭转刚度对双输入圆柱齿轮分流传动系统动力学均载系数的影响

建立了双输入圆柱齿轮分流传动系统的弯扭耦合动力学模型,模型中考虑了各齿轮副间的时变啮合刚度、齿侧间隙、啮合误差、啮合阻尼等因素.结合闭环结构特点,利用齿轮啮合线的相对位移和传动轴扭转位移消除方程中的刚体位移.采用4阶Runge-Kutta法求解系统动力学方程,获得了系统均载系数.结果表明:系统均载系数受输入轴扭转刚度影响小;分流级和并车级均载系数对双联齿轮轴的扭转刚度敏感,减小双联齿轮轴的扭转刚度可以改善系统的均载性能,当双联齿轮轴的扭转刚度小于1.1×105（N·m）/rad时,可将系统均载系数控制在1.06以内;输出轴扭转刚度的变化对分流级和并车级均载系数基本没有影响.      

软件无线电的可重构流处理器体系结构

 针对软件无线电中存在通用数字信号处理器（DSP）计算能力不足以及专用基带处理器缺乏扩展性的问题,提出了一种新的处理器：面向软件无线电的可重构流处理器及相应的专用指令集。仿真证明,该处理器的可重构设计具备指令集扩展能力,可以对多种无线通信标准甚至是新的通信标准提供支持;面向软件无线电的流体系结构和专用指令集保证了对多种高速无线基带信号的实时处理,运算能力是通用DSP的5~13倍。该处理器为软件无线电中的硬件设计难题提供了一种新的解决途径。     

智能便携式三表数据处理器

介绍一种智能型的便携式三表数据处理器,解决了三表检定数据处理繁琐的问题。     

Graph-tree-based software control flow checking for COTS processors on pico-satellites

 This paper proposes a generic high-performance and low-time-overhead software control flow checking solution, graph-tree-based control flow checking (GTCFC) for space-borne commercial- off-the-shelf (COTS) processors. A graph tree data structure with a topology similar to common trees is introduced to transform the control flow graphs of target programs. This together with design of IDs and signatures of its vertices and edges allows for an easy check of legality of actual branching during target program execution. As a result, the algorithm not only is capable of detecting all single and multiple branching errors with low latency and time overheads along with a linear-complexity space overhead, but also remains generic among arbitrary instruction sets and independent of any specific hardware. Tests of the algorithm using a COTS-processor-based onboard computer (OBC) of in-service ZDPS-1A pico-satellite products show that GTCFC can detect over 90% of the randomly injected and all-pattern-covering branching errors for different types of target programs, with performance and overheads consistent with the theoretical analysis; and beats well-established preeminent control flow checking algorithms in these dimensions. Furthermore, it is validated that GTCGC not only can be accommodated in pico-satellites conveniently with still sufficient system margins left, but also has the ability to minimize the risk of control flow errors being undetected in their space missions. Therefore, due to its effectiveness, efficiency, and compatibility, the GTCFC solution is ready for applications on COTS processors on pico-satellites in their real space missions.     

Modified Generalized Sign Test Processor for 2-D Radar

The modified generalized sign test processor is a nonparametric, adaptive detector for 2-D search radars. The detector ranks a sample under test with its neighboring samples and integrates (on a pulse-to-pulse basis) the ranks with a two-pole filter. A target is declared when the integrated output exceeds two thresholds. The first threshold is fixed and yields a 10-6 probability of false alarm when the neighboring samples are independent and identically distributed. The second threshold is adaptive and maintains a low false-alarm rate when the integrated neighboring samples are correlated and when there are nonhomogeneities, such as extraneous targets, in the neighboring cells. Using Monte Carlo techniques, probability of false-alarm results, probability of detection curves, and angular accuracy curves have been generated for this detector. The detector was built and PPI photographs are used to indicate the detector's performance when the radar is operated over land clutter.