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为了研究纳秒脉冲激光能量沉积减小高超声速飞行器波阻的机理和规律,首先要研究纳秒脉冲激光能量在静止空气中的沉积现象。提出一种新方法测量了激光能量吸收率。并采用高分辨率纹影系统,对纳秒脉冲Nd:YAG固体激光器(波长532nm,最大激光能量368m J/pulse)击穿静止空气后所形成的等离子体热核进行观测。基于FLUENT软件并编写UDF,结合非对称能量沉积模型和空气等离子体参数,采用层流模型、Roe-FDS通量格式对激光能量沉积后的流动现象进行了数值模拟。结果表明,激光能量吸收率随着入射激光能量的增大而不断增大,并最终稳定在0.45左右。纳秒脉冲激光能量沉积后的流场纹影序列图像很好地呈现了爆炸波的传播、等离子体热核的演变和涡环的形成。激光能量沉积后60~120μs,涡环的涡核平均直径基本不变,且与入射激光能量大小呈二次函数关系。爆炸波约在t=60μs之后衰减至近似声波,此后其波速受入射激光能量大小的影响较小。数值模拟结果表明,Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性和激光能量的非对称沉积,是等离子体演化出尖刺的原因。 相似文献
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在9种等离子体击穿温度下,数值模拟了二次反射式聚焦系统聚焦情况下激光推力器内流场的演化过程,得到了不同击穿温度对应的能量沉积率、推力峰值、冲量和冲量耦合系数,能量沉积率和推进性能参数在某个等离子体击穿温度值处发生突变。根据空气对激光的逆韧致吸收系数公式,计算了CO2激光辐照下不同等离子体击穿温度对应的空气辐射自由程,发现当等离子体击穿温度为14000K时,辐射自由程为1.4mm,与计算网格的典型尺寸相当,此时入射激光能量在一个网格内以一定效率被吸收,由此确定了基于逆韧致吸收的激光等离子体的击穿温度。 相似文献
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以轴对称Navier-Stokes方程组为基础,将球面激光支持的爆轰波模型与流场控制方程组进行耦合求解,数值模拟了抛物型激光推进光船的工作过程。计算中对激光支持的爆轰波阵面进行实时追踪,以获得激光能量吸收源项,同时采用Gupta建立的高温平衡空气模型来计算工质的热力学参数和输运特性。并用所发展的数值模拟程序研究了不同构型设计光船的推进性能。最后分析了流场流动特性和推力生成机制。结果表明,推力面离焦点距离越近,光船获得的冲量耦合系数越大,而峰值推力越小。 相似文献
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为研究纳秒脉冲激光烧蚀典型材料推进流场瞬态流动过程,采用流场显示阴影技术,实现纳秒级时间分辨率、毫米级空间分辨率的流场演化信息定量测量,解决激光烧蚀推进羽流的时间、空间高分辨率测量难题。对典型金属材料铝和典型聚合物材料的流场特性进行测量分析,并研究激光能量密度对羽流特性的影响。在典型时间尺度上,定性分析激光作用典型材料羽流特征与推进性能之间的关系。由于纳秒激光峰值功率高,当烧蚀金属材料Al时容易形成高温高压的等离子体羽流,等离子体喷射速度超过17km/s,等离子体羽流在百纳秒时间尺度离开靶面,对靶的力的耦合结束;当烧蚀聚合物PMMA和PVC材料时,PVC材料羽流喷射以等离子体和细小颗粒为主,喷射量较大且集中、方向性好,实验测量得到PVC工质真空羽流速度达到1500m/s,因此带来的反喷冲量以及推力都会较高。 相似文献
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在实验和数值分析IV型激波干扰特性及其对飞行器表面压力和热流影响的基础上,提出采用脉冲激光能量控制IV型激波干扰的方法,以降低飞行器波阻、驻点压力和热流。采用实验和数值方法,研究了100m J单脉冲激光能量与马赫5.0条件下IV型激波干扰的相互作用过程,揭示了单脉冲激光能量控制IV型激波干扰的机理。数值研究了频率为150k Hz的激光能量注入后,激光空气锥的形成及其与IV型激波干扰的相互作用过程,得到了钝头体表面压力、热流和波阻的演化过程。结果表明,沉积高重频的激光沉积方式可以利用相对较少的激光能量形成比较稳定的准静态波结构,进而利用准静态波与IV型激波干扰的相互作用将高能区脱离钝头体表面。在马赫数为5.0的流场中沉积频率为150k Hz、单脉冲能量为5m J的激光能量可使峰值压力、热流和波阻分别降低40%,33%和23%。 相似文献
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以轴对称非定常欧拉方程为基础,建立了激光推进火箭发动机吸收室内纯气相单组分、以激光等离子体为内热源的流场模型,用MacCormark预测-校正格式编写了模拟计算程序;并对连续波和连续脉冲两种激光输入方式的激光推进火箭发动机的内部流场分别进行了模拟计算,得出了发动机相应的内部流场的混度、压强、流线及马赫数的分布情况。对计算结果进行了分析,并讨论了单点聚焦加热方式对发动机性能的影响。为进一步的激光推进数值模拟研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
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《Aerospace Science and Technology》2007,11(6):481-489
In this work the detailed physical processes occurring in the high density plasma that is ejected from the solid propellant surface in a small laser ablation thruster are simulated using MACH2. Qualitative results of the laser ablation process that leads to propellant erupting from the surface and leaving behind a crater in a solid Teflon® propellant are presented. Simulations were conducted for a 0.5 μs laser pulse (FWHM) at 935 nm with laser pulse energy ranging from 20 μJ to 2 mJ. Simulation results indicate that crater diameter and depth increase with pulse energy. The impulse bit also increases with pulse energy. Specific impulse follows the opposite trend and decreases with laser pulse energy. The simulated impulse bit for a 2 mJ, 0.5 μs laser pulse over-predicts that reported in the literature for a 2 mJ, 2 ms laser ablation thruster pulse by approximately one order of magnitude and under-predicts the specific impulse by approximately one order of magnitude. 相似文献
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The infrared radiation signature of the plume from solid propellants with different energy characteristics is not the same. Three kinds of double-base propellants of different energy characteristics are chosen to measure the infrared spectral radiance from 1000 cm 1 to 4500 cm 1 of their plumes. The radiative spectrum is obtained in the tests. The experimental results indicate that the infrared radiation of the plume is determined by the energy characteristics of the propellant. The radiative transfer calculation models of the exhaust plume for the solid propellants are established. By including the chemical reaction source term and the radiation source term into the energy equation, the plume field and the radiative transfer are solved in a coupled way. The calculated results are consistent with the experimental data, so the reliability of the models is confirmed. The temperature distribution and the extent of the afterburning of the plume are distinct for the propellants of different energy characteristics, therefore the plume radiation varies for different propellants. The temperature of the fluid cell in the plume will increase or decrease to some extent by the influence of the radiation term. 相似文献