星间链路数量受限的导航卫星网络链路分配问题

对星间链路数量非常有限、需要同时满足星间测距和星间通信需求的导航卫星网络的链路分配问题进行了研究。首先,分析了导航卫星网络的特点,并设计了一种基于有限状态自动机(FSA)的拓扑处理机制。然后,将星间测距需求作为一个约束,以星间通信的延时性能为优化目标,将导航卫星网络的链路分配问题建模为一个多目标优化问题。最后,针对建立的多目标优化问题,分别提出一种基于首次改善(FI)的本地搜索算法和基于模拟退火(SA)的启发式优化算法以对链路分配问题进行求解,并提出一种基于分支交换策略的新链路分配生成方法。仿真结果表明,通过FI算法和SA算法获得的优化链路分配的网络延时性能均得到了改进,且SA算法的性能要优于FI算法;同时,FSA的状态持续时间的减小有利于获得网络延时性能好的链路分配。     

全球卫星导航星座网络协议体系与运行模式

针对全球卫星导航星座网络建设初期或论证阶段所涉及的网络体系结构、协议体系及相关组网等技术问题,开展了基于导航星座星间链路构建空间信息网络的技术研究,分别提出了由子网、接入网、骨干网等节点及其相互之间星间、星地无线链路构成的分层网络系统结构,设计了兼容遥控、遥测、测量与网络交互支持等业务的基于IP over CCSDS(基于空间数据系统咨询委员会标准的空间链路承载互联网协议业务)的协议体系,给出了全系统基本通信业务运行模式等。与传统高轨卫星通信系统相比,该星座网络具有高覆盖、低时延、随遇接入等优点,可实现星座导航性能与中低轨及地面用户通信性能的全方位提升,相关结果对我国全球卫星导航星座网络技术研究具有一定的参考意义。     

空间信息网络中面向双卫星的频谱共享方法

认知无线电能为缓解空间信息网络中日益增长的服务需求与紧张的频谱资源之间的矛盾提供有效的解决途径。论文针对静止轨道卫星系统和低轨道卫星系统提出一种基于频率动态分配的频谱共享方法。基于用户信号质量最差场景的干扰分析,定义波束隔离区域以避免同频干扰。此外,针对卫星运动引起的时空动态性,通过卫星星历、频率配置方案以及天线方向图等共享信息来预测可能出现的干扰,在此基础上提出频率动态分配算法来实现频谱共享。仿真结果表明,频谱共享方法在保护主用户的同时可有效提高次级用户的信号质量。     

Frequency diversity in millimeter wave satellite communications

Dual-band frequency diversity seems to be an effective fade countermeasure to rain-induced attenuation in satellite communications above 20 GHz. This method, particularly suited for satellites operating in two frequency bands, typically K_a band and C or K_u band, achieves very low levels of outage probability especially where the rain fades are severe. A theoretical analysis of a frequency diversity system is performed to evaluate the amount of reserve capacity needed to counteract fading in a satellite network. The problems that arise in implementing adaptive fade countermeasures because of the dynamic characteristics of fading are discussed, and the results of the simulations performed using the attenuation time series at 11.6 GHz, measured with the Sirio satellite throughout four years, are presented     

30/20 GHz Band Small Earth Station for ISSDN Experiment

The system design and operational results of a 30/20 GHz band small Earth station for integrated services satellite digital network (ISSDN) experiments are presented. The Earth station has a high efficiency offset Cassegrain antenna with elliptical beam, a high power klystron amplifier with 1 kW output power and an uncooled parametric low noise amplifier with 200 K noise temperature. Experiments were performed using the medium capacity communications satellite for experimental purposes (CS). Performance on the Earth station was high. Effective radiation power (ERP) was greater than 88.1 dBW, and the receiving figure of merit (G/T) was larger than 30.6 dB/K. Good transmission characteristics were obtained through the satellite link for demand assigned time-division multiple access (DA-TDMA) with 20 Mbit/s bit rate.     

A Novel Stable Clustering Design Method for Hierarchical Satellite Network

This article proposes a novel stable clustering design method for hierarchical satellite network in order to increase its stability, reduce the overhead of storage and exert effective control of the delay performances based on a 5-dimensional vector model. According to the function of stability measurement and owing to the limitation of minimal average routing table length, the hierarchical satellite network is grouped into separate stable connected clusters to improve destruction resistance and reconstruction ability in the future integrated network. In each cluster, redundant communication links with little contribution to network stability and slight influences on delay variation are deleted to satisfy the requirements for stability and connectivity by means of optimal link resources, and, also, the idea of logical weight is introduced to select the optimal satellites used to communicate with neighboring cluster satellites. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by comparing it with the simulated performances of other two typical hierarchical satellite networks, double layer satellite constellation(DLSC) and satellite over satellite(SoS).     

The Dynamic Stability of a Dual-Spin Satellite

The attitude stability of a dual-spin satellite containing energy disipators on both bodies is investigated. Following Mingori, a symmetrical configuration of the satellite with a mass-spring-dashpot damper on each part is considered, and some new stability results are derived by the application of the Routh-Hurwitz criterion. lt is indicated that the Routh-Hurwitz criterion gives only sufficient conditions of stability for the dual-spin satellite considered. A criterion which is believed to represent both the necessary and sufficient condition of stability is presented here and this is used to check the stability of two specific designs of the dual-spin satellite.     

基于QoS的卫星网络端-端通信可靠性分析

针对卫星网络动态环境下的高速信息传输、业务类型差异大等特点，提出一种综合考虑各业务QoS（Quality of Service）指标的可靠性分析方法。在卫星通信网络实际运行周期内，通信系统往往处于逐渐劣化过程中，导致卫星的节点和链路除正常工作和完全失效外，还存在部分失效的工作状态。本文在链路多状态基础上基于最小路集算法（Minimum Path Set Algorithms，MPSA）在不同业务的QoS指标（时延、带宽和丢包率）约束下，得出满足该业务QoS约束的所有可靠路径集，对路径集中路径进行不交化处理得到网络端-端可靠性。研究结果表明，不同业务由于QoS需求的差异导致网络端-端可靠性不同，所提算法与传统算法相比更加符合实际。由于实际卫星网络环境中会采用端-端并行多路径传输（Multi-Path Transmission，MTP），本文在上述研究的基础上，进一步对多路径的端-端可靠性进行了研究，结果表明多路径数据传输可靠性高。     

Cross-layer design of LT codes and LDPC codes for satellite multimedia broadcast/multicast services

According to large coverage of satellites, there are various channel states in a satellite broadcasting network. In order to introduce an efficient rateless transmission method to satellite multimedia broadcasting/multicast services with finite-length packets, a cross-layer packet transmission method is proposed with Luby transform （LT） codes for efficiency in the network layer and low density parity check （LDPC） codes for reliability in the physical layer jointly. The codewords generated from an LT encoder are divided into finite-length packets, which are encoded by an LDPC encoder subsequently. Based on noise and fading effects of satellite channels, the LT packets received from an LDPC decoder either have no error or are marked as erased, which can be mod- eled as a binary erasure channels （BECs）. By theoretical analysis on LT parameters and LDPC parameters, the relationships between LDPC code rates in the physical layer and LT codes word lengths in the network layer are investigated. With tradeoffs between the LT codes word lengths and the LDPC code rates, optimized cross-layer solutions are achieved with a binary search algorithm. Verified by simulations, the proposed solution for cross-layer parameters design can provide the best transmission mode according to satellite states, so as to improve throughput performance for satellite multimedia transmission.     

双线程滑动窗口多系统GNSS超快精密定轨实现及评估

全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）超快精密定轨为GNSS实时应用提供了高精度空间基准。基于天地协同定位、导航与授时（PNT）网络服务中心实现了四系统GNSS卫星超快精密定轨,并对定轨结果进行精度评价。介绍了天地协同PNT网络的概念内涵以及网络服务中心部署的超快精密定轨软件架构和详细功能,并针对实时应用需求提出了一种双线程滑动窗口超快精密定轨策略。最后利用重叠弧段比较、与外部轨道产品比较以及卫星激光测距（SLR）检核3种方式对定轨结果进行了精度评价。结果表明,与武汉大学分析中心的最终事后精密轨道产品相比,四系统GNSS MEO卫星预报6 h弧段的径向均方根（RMS）误差整体在2~5 cm水平,BDS2 IGSO卫星最小一维RMS误差在10~15 cm水平;GPS和Galileo卫星的SLR检核残差均值在1~3 cm水平,标准差在3~6 cm水平,能够满足后续厘米级实时应用对空间基准的精度需求。     

Dim target detection using high order correlation method

This work presents a method for clutter rejection and dim target track detection from infrared (IR) satellite data using neural networks. A high-order correlation method which recursively computes the spatio-temporal cross-correlations between data of several consecutive scans is developed. The implementation of this scheme using a connectionist network is presented. Several important properties of the high-order correlation method which indicate that the resultant filtered images capture all the target information are established. The simulation results obtained with this approach show at least 93% clutter rejection. Further improvement in the clutter rejection rate is achieved by modifying the high-order correlation method to incorporate the target motion dynamics. The implementation of this modified high-order correlation using a high-order neural network architecture is demonstrated. The simulation results indicate at least 97% clutter rejection rate for this method. A comparison is also made between the methods developed here and the conventional frequency domain three-dimensional (3-D) filtering scheme, and the simulation results are provided     

数字卫星电视授时方法及其研究进展

为丰富和完善国家时间频率体系建设,提高现有定位导航与授时(PNT)体系的服务能力,中国科学院国家授时中心开展了基于数字卫星电视信号的授时方法研究,并搭建了一套数字卫星电视授时系统,实际测试结果表明其定时精度优于50ns(均方根).首先综述了数字卫星电视授时方法中的理论框架及其若干关键技术问题,然后介绍了在提高授时精度方...     

6G service-oriented space-air-ground integrated network: A survey

As an indispensable component of the emerging 6G networks, Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks (SAGINs) are envisioned to provide ubiquitous network connectivity and services by integrating satellite networks, aerial networks, and terrestrial networks. In 6G SAGINs, a wide variety of network services with the features of diverse requirements, complex mobility, and multi-dimensional resources will pose great challenges to service provisioning, which urges the development of service-oriented SAGINs. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive review of 6G SAGINs from a new perspective of service-oriented network. First, we present the requirements of service-oriented networks, and then propose a service-oriented SAGINs management architecture. Two categories of critical technologies are presented and discussed, i.e., heterogeneous resource orchestration technologies and the cloud-edge synergy technologies, which facilitate the interoperability of different network segments and cooperatively orchestrate heterogeneous resources across different domains, according to the service features and requirements. In addition, the potential future research directions are also presented and discussed.     

漂浮基空间机器人捕获卫星过程动力学模拟及捕获后混合体运动的RBF神经网络控制

 讨论了漂浮基空间机器人在轨捕获目标卫星过程的碰撞动力学建模,以及捕获操作结束后空间机器人与卫星混合体的稳定控制问题。首先采用多刚体动力学建模方法并结合空间机器人捕获目标卫星过程中的碰撞动力学特性,建立了漂浮基空间机器人在轨捕获漂浮卫星过程的动力学模型,并在此基础上计算出完成捕获操作后空间机器人与目标卫星混合体关节的运动速度。然后针对卫星及空间机器人系统惯性参数均是未知的复杂情况,应用上述模型、神经网络控制理论和Lyapunov稳定性理论,设计了空间机器人与卫星混合体在捕获过程碰撞冲击影响下稳定运动的高斯径向基函数神经网络控制方案,以达到对捕获卫星的有效控制。此外,高斯径向基函数神经网络控制方案具有不需要测量和反馈载体位置、移动速度与加速度的显著优点。系统数值仿真证实了上述控制方案的有效性。     

基于多Agent卫星遥测数据实时监测与诊断技术

为了提高根据遥测数据进行卫星故障诊断的速度与精度,提出了集成多信号模型诊断Agent、模糊诊断Agent以及专家系统诊断Agent等多Agent监测与诊断系统。多信号模型诊断Agent,采用模糊阈值进行监测,并引入可信度因子对Deb原实时诊断推理方法做了改进,解决了Deb方法可能因虚警而导致的诊断结果冲突的问题。模糊诊断Agent采用Mamdani算法,能给出部件故障的可能性。专家系统诊断Agent采用基于规则的产生式系统,同时采用加权不确定推理解决了规则的不确定性问题。研究了3种诊断Agent的协作方式,采用D-S证据理论对各Agent的诊断结果进行决策融合,给出故障元件的置信区间。通过某卫星仿真遥测数据验证,该集成诊断系统充分利用了各种诊断方法的优点,诊断精度高且速度快(一般诊断时间小于0.3秒,PIII800/256M计算机),适用于卫星地面站对卫星遥测数据进行自动实时在线监测与诊断推理。     

TP-Satellite: A New Transport Protocol for Satellite IP Networks

As a result of the exponential growth of the worldwide Internet, satellite systems are used to support broadband Internet access. Existing TCP protocols perform very well for Internet access on wired networks. However, in the case of satellite channels, due to the effects of high bandwidth asymmetry, long propagation delay, high sporadic bit error rate (BER) and burst errors, TCP performance degrades significantly. In this paper, a new end-to-end transport protocol, TP-Satellite, is proposed for satellite IP networks. TP-Satellite replaces the traditional slow start algorithm with a novel super start algorithm. In order to distinguish congestion events from link errors, a new scheme is introduced, which is based on alternate transmission of different class priority packets. Bandwidth asymmetry problems are addressed by the adoption of a modified negative acknowledgement (M-NACK) strategy, which periodically sends M-NACK packets. Simulation results show that TP-Satellite enhances the throughput performance on the forward path, reduces the bandwidth used in the reverse path, and offers a fair share of network resources.     

Analytic study of Doppler-based handover management in LEO satellite systems

The problem of dynamic handover management in low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems is addressed. Particularly, an analytical study of a newly proposed method for handover management, called dynamic Doppler-based handover prioritization scheme (DDBHP), is presented. DDBHP utilizes Doppler shift monitoring of each communicating user terminal onboard the satellite and geometric characteristics to accurately predict the handover load. As a result, handover requests are more effectively managed, resulting in an improved performance in terms of blocking and forced termination probabilities. Moreover, by supporting guaranteed handovers, DDBHP can be used to provide QoS to users of future broadband satellite networks. An extensive mathematical model that justifies Doppler shift monitoring is presented along with a detailed queueing model used not only to evaluate DDBHP performance but also to provide a methodology for associating DDBHP operational parameters with desired performance. Comparison of analytical and simulation results validate the proposed model.     

A new high performance multipurpose satellite tracking system

The European Space Agency's (ESA) multipurpose satellite tracking system is introduced. The system is able to perform accurate satellite ranging and Doppler measurements for a variety of mission types, i.e., from near-Earth satellites to deep space probes. The ranging signal is analyzed and described in an analytical manner from which the limits of the system performance are derived. A model of the overall system is presented and a few simulation results obtained thereby are compared with measurements performed with the ESA's Giotto and Hipparcos scientific missions     

基于气压高度辅助的机载自主完好性监测算法

卫星接收机自主完好性监测是指根据用户接收机的多余观测值监测用户定位结果的完好性,其目的是在导航过程中检测出发生故障的卫星,并保障导航定位精度。针对卫星接收机自主完好性监测算法可用性不足的问题,结合机载实际导航系统配置,提出了一种基于气压高度表辅助的机载自主完好性监测算法。综合利用卫星导航系统及气压高度表观测信息,建立联合系统的观测模型,推导了基于多解分离的完好性监测及保护级别计算方法。仿真结果表明,相比于传统的接收机自主完好性监测算法,该算法在可见星为5颗时仍能识别故障卫星。该算法具有更好的故障检测能力及可用性,能有效提高卫星导航系统的完好性监测性能,从而保证卫星导航系统的精度和可靠性。