分布式自动化测量系统的研制

近年来,计算机辅助测试系统(CAT)及单片微机的发展极为迅速,但当众多测试点分布在相距较远的不同房间、不同地区且被测参数的数据处理复杂时,欲同时进行多点的实时测量,上述两种系统的应用就受到限制。本文作者研制的分布式自动化测量系统以一台 IBM—PC 计算机为控制站,可对各测试站进行程控并能进行复杂的数据处理。控制站和测试站间可相互通信、信息共存、资源共享,亦可独立工作。本文从软件、硬件两个方面说明了该系统的设计原理与要点。     

一种手持式校准控制器设计与实现

舰船电工仪表是舰船航行及舰载各动力系统、武器系统、测控系统运行状态的主要判断依据。针对传统的计量校准方法存在的效率低、可靠性难以保证等方面的问题,设计了一种轻便、可靠的手持式校准控制器,控制标准设备输出,同时具备信息录入、数据存储等功能,实现了对舰船电工仪表现场原位快速计量校准,并通过测试数据比对,验证了此方法可行。     

太阳模拟器两轴回转控制系统研究

太阳敏感器是卫星控制系统中的一个重要部件,装星之前需要通过地面试验验证其各项功能及技术指标.本文针对太阳敏感器的地面测试设备——太阳模拟器两轴回转控制系统展开研究.该系统采用伺服电机与绝对式光电编码器相结合的方案,包括偏航与俯仰两个回转控制机构,主要用于改变太阳模拟器光轴的方向.给出了回转控制系统的组成和工作原理,并对影响系统精度的因素进行了分析.实验表明,回转系统的角度控制精度优于0.03°,满足该地面测试设备设计时提出的0.04°精度指标.      

数据收集系统的电文碰撞和计算机模拟

数据收集系统是利用人造卫星中继地球环境资料的一种无线电遥测系统。近地卫星(如美国的陆地卫星、泰罗斯-N气象卫星)所属的数据收集系统一般都采取随机取数的方法。在这类系统设计中,电文碰撞规律是涉及到系统容量的重要问题。本文在古典概率的基础上,经适当修改,得到符合计算机模拟结果的理论公式。并提供针对不同系统方案的电文碰撞概率的计算方法。      

Measurements of water vapour in the mesosphere with the spectral absorption line imager (SALI)

Water vapour concentration is one of the most important, yet one of the least known quantities of the mesosphere. Knowledge of water vapour concentration is the key to understanding many mesospheric processes, including the one that is primary focus of our investigation, Polar Mesospheric Clouds (PMC). The processes of formation and occurrence parameters of PMC constitute an interesting problem in their own right, but recent evidence had been provided which suggests that PMC are a critical indicator of climate change. In this context the feasibility of a low cost method of water vapour measurements using an instrument carried aloft by a sounding rocket has been examined and some of the results discussed. It is proposed to measure the strength of the 936nm water absorption line in a solar occultation configuration employing a CCD detector. This leads to the design of a small, low cost and low-mass instrument, which can be flown on a small rocket, of the type of the Orbital Sciences Corporation Viper 5. Alternatively the instrument can be flown as a “passenger” on larger rocket carrying other experiments. In either case flight costs are relatively low. Some performance simulations are presented showing that the instrument we have designed will be sufficiently sensitive to measure water vapor in concentrations that are expected at the summer mesopause, about 85 km height. Sufficient payload design work was carried out showing that the structural, thermal and electrical requirements for a flight on the Viper 5 rocket can be met and thus making the experiment feasible for a flight.     

拉线位移传感器测试仪测控软件设计与应用CSCD

根据拉线位移传感器性能测试的要求,开发了一套测控软件。本软件通过控制高速直线电机运动,拖动拉线位移传感器运动,采集传感器数据,从而完成对传感器的性能测试。软件以测控任务管理为核心,利用高优先级线程和定时器等来完成对伺服系统的控制和测试数据的采集存储。实际运行效果表明,该软件能满足任务要求,在实践中已得到应用。     

小卫星及其星座的智能自主控制系统

随着小卫星及其星座技术的发展 ,卫星系统的测控和运行管理模式将由地面遥测遥控方式向智能化自主方式发展。文中系统深入地分析了小卫星及其星座技术的特点和主流发展趋势 ,讨论了对小卫星及其星座实施智能自主控制的必要性、优越性等方面的问题 ,给出了一种将多Agent系统技术与混杂控制系统理论方法相结合 ,以综合集成方式实现的具有高度自主性和灵活性的智能自主控制系统的设计方案 ;论述了可行的优化策略与技术实现途径。最后 ,按照文中提出的智能自主控制系统的组织结构模式和相应的控制策略 ,针对小卫星编队构形自主保持的智能控制问题 ,给出了计算仿真结果     

一类单框架控制力矩陀螺系统奇点的有限性

单框架控制力矩陀螺（ＳＧＣＭＧ）是应用在航天器上的一类惯性执行机构,但当多个ＳＧＣＭＧ协调工作时,由多个ＳＧＣＭＧ组成的ＳＧＣＭ５Ｇ系统会出现奇异现象,不能产生所期望的控制力矩。为回避系统奇异、必须对ＳＧＣＭＧ系统的奇点在框架角空间中的分布作一定的了解。文章则针对框架轴非共面锥形对称安装的ＳＧＣＭＧ系统,证明了对于角动量空间中的任意一点,其对应的框架角空间中的奇点是有限的。     

一类不确定快时变系统的确保性能鲁棒自适应控制

本文研究了一类一阶不确定快时变系统的确保跟踪性能控制问题.通过引入一个状态变换,将带性能约束的控制问题转化为无约束问题,提出一个鲁棒自适应控制律.该控制律除能确保原系统满足给定的性能约束外,还使得新的状态变量的最终界只和某些控制器参数有关.由于控制器参数已知,因此本方法对该最终界有较好的估计.数值仿真验证了该方法的有效性.     

Advanced pointing systems for space astronomy

Requirements on image stability are increasing, often at the same time that instrument external disturbances are increasing. Pointing large diameter optics from the shuttle bay is the prime current example of this situation. In order to achieve cost-effective advanced pointing systems in the face of these problems, a system approach must be taken that encompasses a realistic assessment of requirements, the best possible detector technology, and a broad look at space vehicles and pointing systems that are available. As an example, a rocket instrument for making measurements of the interstellar gas uses a standard pointing system to achieve a spectral resolution of 2 × 10⁵.     

经验Bayes岭估计在GINS车载试验工具误差辨识中的应用

在利用车载试验进行GINS工具误差辨识过程中,由于输入加速度很小使得系统存在严重的复共线性。应用传统的最小二乘方法会出现增大最小二乘估计量的方差、参数估计值不稳定、产生弃真错误等问题。本文引入经验Bayes岭估计方法来进行GINS车载试验工具误差辨识工作。仿真结果表明,和传统最小二乘方法相比,经验Bayes岭估计的辨识精度有所提高,并可克服系统存在的复共线性的影响。     

Validation of satellite-derived atmospheric temperature and water vapor concentration using radiosonde and rocketsonde measurements

Measurements of the spectral radiance of the earth's atmosphere from satellites can be related to the vertical structures of temperature and humidity. Derived profiles of these quantities are compared with radiosonde and rocketsonde observations, as well as with horizontal and vertical cross-sections of the atmosphere. In some regions of the atmosphere, particularly where large gradients are found, significant differences occur. A method for overcoming these by use of Typical Shape Functions is discussed. Transmittances computed from theory require modifications which are not well defined, and radiances measured from some satellite instruments disagree with computed values in ways which suggest calibration or instrument problems.     

A review of 9-year performance and operation of the MOPITT instrument

The MOPITT (Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere) instrument has provided more than nine years of global carbon monoxide (CO) measurements on a continuous basis since its launch aboard the Terra Spacecraft on December 18th, 1999. This paper gives an overview of the core sub-system performance and major issues of the in-flight instrument over the mission period. Some of the instrument anomalies are also discussed. The major successes are: (1) the concept of using a combination of correlation systems such as Length Modulated Cells (LMCs) and Pressure Modulated Cells (PMCs) to retrieve CO profiles in the troposphere; (2) the redundant design in the instrumentation which was crucial for coping with unexpected in-flight anomalies and for continuing the mission in the case of component failure; (3) the thermal environment on orbit that is so stable that some calibration procedures are not necessary; and (4) the recent production of CO total column retrieved from the MOPITT 2.3 μm channel.     

Development of autonomous control in a closed microbial bioreactor.

Space-based life support systems which include ecological components will rely on sophisticated hardware and software to monitor and control key system parameters. Autonomous closed artificial ecosystems are useful for research in numerous fields. We are developing a bioreactor designed to study both microbe-environment interactions and autonomous control systems. Currently we are investigating N-cycling and N-mass balance in closed microbial systems. The design features of the system involve real-time monitoring of physical parameters (e.g. temperature, light), growth solution composition (e.g. pH, NOx, CO2), cell density and the status of important hardware components. Control of key system parameters is achieved by incorporation of artificial intelligence software tools that permit autonomous decision-making by the instrument. These developments provide a valuable research tool for terrestrial microbial ecology, as well as a testbed for implementation of artificial intelligence concepts. Autonomous instrumentation will be necessary for robust operation of space-based life support systems, and for use on robotic spacecraft. Sample data acquired from the system, important features of software components, and potential applications for terrestrial and space research will be presented.     

The X-ray spectrometer experiment on the first spacelab flight

The First Spacelab Flight - scheduled for September 1983 - will carry a multidisciplinary payload intended to demonstrate that valuable scientific results can be achieved with such short duration missions. The payload complement includes a spectrometer to undertake observations of the brighter cosmic X-ray sources. The primary scientific objectives of this experiment are the study of detailed spectral features in cosmic X-ray sources and their associated temporal variations over a wide energy range from about 2 keV up to 80 keV. The instrument based on the gas scintillation proportional counter, will have an effective area of some 180 cm² with an energy resolution of ～ 9% FWHM at 7 keV. The key performance parameters of the instrument, which include calibration results and the sensitivity of the planned observations, are discussed.     

智能电感测微仪的研制

智能电感测微仪是一种新型的长度测量仪器。它既可作为一个独立的测量控制系统,又可方便地与各种计算机通讯,作为大型仪器的显示器和控制器。本文将介绍其模拟信号处理电路、智能系统的硬件与软件设计。     

控制力矩陀螺框架控制方法及框架转速测量方法

控制力矩陀螺是一种具有力矩放大特性的惯性执行机构,通常应用于大型航天器姿态控制。近年来,随着相关技术的发展,对基于控制力矩陀螺的中小卫星快速机动平台的需求日益迫切,这不仅需要控制力矩陀螺能够输出大力矩,而且要具有较高的力矩输出精度。本文结合工程实践,提出一种框架转速精度测量方法,以及一种采用正弦永磁同步电机,基于转子磁场定向的矢量控制方案。该框架控制方案中引入摩擦力矩观测器及其补偿算法,在控制回路中通过对摩擦力矩的补偿,可有效提高框架驱动控制系统的稳定性和动态性能。     

Solar maximum mission experiment: Early results of the hard X-ray imaging experiment

We have selected four widely different flares from the early period of operations of the Hard X-Ray Imaging Spectrometer (HXIS) on SMM to illustrate the characteristic imaging properties of this experiment. For the small flare of April 4, 1980, we demonstrate the instrument's capability for locating a compact source. In the weak, but extensive, flare of April 6 we show how well the instrument can display spatial structure, and also the low level of the instrument background. In the 1B flare of April 7 we are able to locate positions of the X-ray emission in the soft and hard channels, and estimate the positional variations of the emission patches. Finally, in the IN flare of April 10, which produced the strongest hard X-ray burst we have seen so far, we repeat some of the studies made for the April 7 event, and also demonstrate the capability of the HXIS instrument to study the development, with high time resolution, of individual 8″ × 8″ elements of the flare.     

矢量信号调制质量分析方法研究与实现

采用矢量信号分析技术通过分析已调信号的特性，能够快速发现引起信号失真的原因，定位系统设计中的错误，该技术在信号分析仪器、数字通信等领域应用广泛。本文在深入研究矢量分析技术的基础上，建立了矢量信号分析模型，并对矢量信号分析中对结果影响较大的最佳判决未知和幅相补偿模块进行了详细分析。利用软件实现了矢量信号调制质量分析，能够快速的对EVM等指标进行计算，且易于嵌入其它系统和设备，使用方便。     

矢量信号调制质量分析方法研究与实现

采用矢量信号分析技术通过分析已调信号的特性,能够快速发现引起信号失真的原因,定位系统设计中的错误,该技术在信号分析仪器、数字通信等领域应用广泛。本文在深入研究矢量分析技术的基础上,建立了矢量信号分析模型,并对矢量信号分析中对结果影响较大的最佳判决未知和幅相补偿模块进行了详细分析。利用软件实现了矢量信号调制质量分析,能够快速的对EVM等指标进行计算,且易于嵌入其它系统和设备,使用方便。