国外民机EWIS设计先进理念的介绍与探讨

随着适航新规章的发布,电气线路互联系统（EWIS）在整个民机设计体系中愈发得到重视。国外在EWIS设计方面已形成了非常专业化的体系,通过四个典型实例介绍了国外在EWIS设计中的先进理念,并探讨了对国内EWIS设计的借鉴意义并提出了相关建议。这些典型实例包括：EWIS适航认证、EWIS部件可靠性分析、EWIS安装设计标准制定、EWIS总体布局设计。     

民用飞机线束主通道规划设计

综合中国民用航空规章25部对于电气线路互联系统(EWIS)的隔离要求,提出了民用飞机EWIS主通道的规划设计方法。以某型飞机供配电系统为例,通过将导线按电磁兼容类别、余度功能、独立电源以及特殊系统线路进行分类,编制导线敷设的通道代码,并在规划线束通道时,将不同类别线束、线束与结构、管路、操纵钢索等按照一定的距离进行隔离,在不满足隔离距离的情况下,通过施加隔离保护装置的措施进行等效隔离,完成线束主通道在机上的布局,从而实现EWIS的隔离。     

EWIS维修性设计准则浅析

为保证飞机EWIS系统具备良好的维护性,设计部门应在设计初期对该系统的维修性设计加以特殊考虑,对EWIS零部件进行维修性定性和定量分析。本文重点从可达性、防差错设计对EWIS的维修性设计准则进行了描述,对EWIS设计人员具有一定的参考意义。     

EWIS耐海洋环境设计

海洋环境具有高温、高湿、高盐雾的特点,在严酷的海洋环境下,飞机EWIS部件失效或故障现象更为明显。文中分析了南海环境对EWIS的影响,以适海性的角度从选材、设计和防护等方面提出了EWIS耐海洋环境设计的建议。通过这些手段,可有效提高海洋环境下EWIS的可靠性。     

民用飞机设备和管线路设计优化工具的研究

为了解决飞机研发过程中,管线路及设备设计自动化程度低的问题。基于CATIA V5进行二次开发,使用API接口和VB语言实现相关工具的搭建,并主要在以下几个方面开展研究：一是在飞机初步设计阶段进行设备的快速布置;二是基于电气设备及周围零部件的空间布置,进行单一DMU管线路通道拓扑,通过EWIS隔离代码定义,规划线束通道的类型,自动分析通道之间的物理隔离距离,并依据EWIS隔离要求规范与自动分析的物理隔离距离进行分析,从而输出全机管线路通道之间的间隙检查结果及分析报告,为后续的通道拓扑优化提供相应的接口及设计规范;三是进行主通道及分支通道拓扑,通过定义通道的直径、通道内布置线缆的规格及不同形式布线的概率,开发工具自动计算EWIS线缆的总长度,并由公式快速计算出该线缆敷设方案的重量,供全机设计时参考。     

民用飞机系统安全性分析中EWIS部件的考虑

通过对适航规章25.1709的分析,结合AC25.1701,提出了民用飞机系统安全性分析中需考虑EWIS部件的一些方面,并初步研究了具体的分析方法。     

沈飞民机C919飞机后机身前段实现批产

正4月20日,航空工业沈飞民机举行了C919飞机后机身前段批产首架暨ARJ21飞机EWIS优化批产构型交付仪式。ARJ21飞机EWIS优化批产构型成功交付,攻克了实现ARJ21"百年百架"交付目标的最大难关。沈飞民机的相关负责人表示,后机身前段作为C919飞机批产整个生产线首个完成的大部件,     

EWIS标准文档数字化平台建设方案探索

针对我国航空EWIS标准数字化工作需求，阐述了数字化平台建设的目标、平台建设内容以及建设方案。通过构建EWIS标准数字化平台，为EWIS标准数据提供统一的数据库承载、管理和共享。为实现全行业EWIS标准数据共享奠定了基础，对EWIS标准数字化建设工作具有指导意义。     

国产新支线飞机装配阶段EWIS常见审核问题探讨

介绍了国产新支线飞机EWIS的设计和制造装配流程,通过对近年EWIS产品审核数据的整理和分析以及典型审核问题的介绍,总结出EWIS产品审核的审核重点,并介绍了商飞EWIS质量提升方案,可为国产新支线飞机装配阶段EWIS产品审核提供参考。     

民用飞机研制阶段EWIS构型管理

2007年底FAA发布新的规章修正案,将电气线路互联系统（electrical wiring interconnection system,简称EWIS）的适航要求以独立分部 H分部的形式纳入FAR 25部运输类飞机适航标准,将EWIS提升到飞机的一个重要综合系统来看待,其研制过程需进行系统性的考虑,EWIS的构型管理成为适航取证的重要关键环节。结合EWIS研制特点阐述了EWIS构型管理面临的挑战,分析并研究了EWIS构型管理的类别及关键内容,提出了管理策略建议,对于民用飞机EWIS的研制具有现实指导意义。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

高超声速边界层的转捩及预测

首先描述了边界层转捩的基本过程及研究内容。在此基础上,指出了高超声速边界层不同于不可压缩边界层的流动不稳定性特性,并介绍了边界层的转捩机理与感受性特征;给出了高超声速三维边界层中预测转捩的常用方法,并着重介绍了多用于工程实际的e N方法以及对e N方法的理性改进,同时列举了在高超声速三维边界层中应用e N方法实现转捩预测的多个实例。最后,分析并总结了高超声速边界层转捩预测所存在的困难及需要解决的问题。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.