Thermodynamic analysis of gas turbines topped with wave rotors

Wave rotors constitute promising gas turbine topping devices. In order to evaluate the potential benefit of these configurations, thermodynamic cycle analyses are carried out for various types of gas turbines including a four-port wave rotor. The parameters chosen to vary are the efficiencies of compression and expansion processes inside the rotor, the wave rotor compression ratio and the mixing and pressure losses in the ducts connecting the wave rotor to the adjacent components of the engine. The results obtained show that almost all the engines under study benefit from the wave rotor addition and that the most significant gain is obtained for gas turbines for which the compressor pressure ratio is moderate (∼5) and the turbine inlet temperature is fairly high (> 1600 K).     

变温热源回热式布雷顿循环的功率密度特性

用有限时间热力学方法分析变温热源条件下不可逆回热式布雷顿循环的功率密度特性，计人工质与高、低温测换热器的热阻损失，压气机、涡轮机的不可逆压缩和膨胀损失和管路系统中的压力损失，导出了功率密度与压比间的解析式，并通过数值计算将对应于最大功率密度时的一些参数与对应圩最大功率时的同样参数进行了比较。     

A Simple Real-Time Incoherent Optical Correlator

The Theory and experimental results of a simple optical correlator are given. The optical components consist only of an incoherent source, condensing, collimating, and transforming lenses, and a photodetector. For real-time operation, a reference signal on a photographic transparency is correlated with an unknown signal on an ultrasonic light modulator. The output is a function of time proportional to the correlation function's amplitude rather than the squared amplitude generated by other optical correlators. When used for correlation in radar signal processing, the optical processor may be used for both pulse coding and decoding (pulse expansion and compression) and the decoded signal is shown to be described by Woodward's ambiguity function. The experimental results demonstrated the validity of the theory in both real and scaled time. However, developmental work is still required to improve the operation.     

实际闭式燃气轮机回热循环热力参数数值分析

用有限时间热力学方法分析实际循环性能，计入工质与高、低温热源间换热器和回热器的热阻损失和压气机、涡轮机中的不可逆压缩、膨胀损失，导出变温热源不可逆闭式燃气轮机回热循环的功率输出和热效率与循环压比间的解析式，给出了详细的数值算例说明各项损失对循环参数的影响特点。计算与分析表明，回热对循环功率输出有影响，高、低温侧换热器和回热器的有效度之间存在最佳匹配。     

Experimental investigation of expansion effect on shock wave boundary layer interaction near a compression ramp

The experiment is conducted to investigate the effect of expansion on the shock wave boundary layer interaction near a compression ramp. The small-angle expansion with an angle degree of 5° occurs at different positions in front of the compression ramp. The particle image velocimetry and flow visualization technology show the flow structures, velocity field, and velocity fluctuation near the compression ramp. The mean pressure distribution, pressure fluctuation, and power spectral density are me...     

恒温热源条件下实际回热式布雷顿循环的功率密度优化

计人工质与高、低温侧换热器和回热器的热阻损失、压气机和涡轮机中不可逆压缩和膨胀损失及管路系统中的压力损失，用有限时间热力学方法，导出了恒温热源条件下实际回热式布雷顿循环功率密度与压比间的解析式，借助于数值计算，研究了高、低温侧换热器和回热器的热导率分配对最大功率密度的影响。     

涡扇发动机热力学分析

 本文将混排涡扇发动机拆为内外函分循环结算,以阐明各自的实际热力学功能。按定比热简化解出主要性能最有利的三个特征压气机压比,并与变比热准确解作了比较。     

DZ22高温合金复杂应力疲劳强度研究

一、疲劳强度计算方法的建立　　定向凝固镍基高温合金 DZ2 2是一种正交各向异性材料 ,对于各向异性材料 ,由于偏轴向拉剪和剪拉耦合的存在 ,形状改变与体积变化无法分开 ,仅考虑剪切应变能不足以说明各向异性材料的失效 ,还需要考虑体积改变能。据此认为 Tsia- Wu理论 [1 ] 较 Hill理论 [2 ] 更能有效地反应各向异性材料的失效 ,并根据 Tsai- Wu理论导出一个疲劳强度的计算方法。Tsai- Wu假设各向异性材料在应力空间中的破坏表面可表示为一个高阶张量多项式 ,并提出了以二阶张量多项式为破坏准则的计算方法 ,即Fijσiσj+ Fiσi =1 ( …     

垂直起降运载火箭返回轨迹不确定性优化

针对垂直起降运载火箭一子级在返回着陆的过程中存在的参数不确定性,提出了一种基于非侵入式多项式混沌展开的序列优化和可靠度评估的返回轨迹不确定性优化方法。首先,建立了返回多飞行段轨迹在确定性条件下的优化模型。然后,为同时兼顾轨迹的鲁棒性和可靠性,建立了由鲁棒最优目标函数、基于可靠度的路径约束和鲁棒等式约束组成的不确定性返回轨迹优化模型。最后,基于非侵入式多项式混沌展开方法对鲁棒目标函数和等式约束进行量化处理,将原随机鲁棒优化问题转化为高维状态空间中的等价确定性优化问题;为提高路径约束的可靠度评估效率,基于非侵入式多项式混沌展开方法对最可能点法进行改进,进一步发展了序列优化和可靠度评估策略。数值仿真结果表明,所提出的不确定性优化方法具有较好的鲁棒性,可以满足工程可靠性指标要求,同时还具有较高的精度和计算效率。     

Electron and ion temperatures in the ionosphere

Many measurements of ionospheric temperature have been made during the last decade and have shown a considerable departure from thermal equilibrium there. Theoretical work has led to a general understanding of the processes which determine the energy balance of the charged particles, and most features of the experimental results are well understood in the F-region. The position in the E-region where different methods of measurement, known to agree fairly well at greater heights, appear to disagree is less clear, whilst in the D-region no direct observations of charged particle temperature exist. The theoretical expectation here is that, on account of the rapid exchange of energy amongst the particles by collisional processes, temperature equality will prevail.This review is based on material published up to January, 1970.On leave of absence from Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London.     

引气冷却模型对涡轴发动机总体性能的影响研究

随着现代涡轴发动机性能的不断提高,其热力循环参数和引气量显著增加。针对这一问题,建立考虑压气机引气位置可变和涡轮中冷却气参与做功的涡轴发动机性能计算模型。当压气机引气位置变化时,采用流量平衡和功率平衡同时修正法计算发动机性能;涡轮冷却计算模型则考虑了第一级导向器叶片冷却气的做功。与传统涡轴发动机性能计算模型的计算结果对比表明:本文的计算模型能够合理反映引气量和引气位置对发动机特性的影响,更接近发动机的真实物理过程,可为发动机空气系统设计提供输入。     

变循环压缩系统的一体化通流设计方法

以双外涵和三外涵两款典型的涡扇发动机的变循环压缩系统为研究对象发展了一个基于流线曲率法的一体化通流设计方法,以期简化变循环压缩系统的设计流程,缩短设计周期.通过一个三外涵变循环压缩系统的设计实例,验证了方法的正确性和程序的功能完整性,得到了以下主要结论:①第1,2外涵道的连通使压缩系统各部件之间的气动关系变得复杂,正确处理各部件之间的匹配关系是一体化设计的关键;②流线曲率法适用于变循环压缩系统的通流设计,其流量边界条件可方便地用于模拟前可调面积涵道引射器的调节功能;③第1,2外涵道的掺混过程对上游叶片区域的流场影响微弱,采用简单的掺混模型能够满足计算需求.     

部分充填下脉冲爆震发动机的热力循环性能分析

在完全充填脉冲爆震发动机的Ficket-Jacobs热力循环的基础上,提出了用于分析部分充填下脉冲爆震发动机的热力循环性能的分析方法.结果表明,部分充填的工作方式会降低发动机总的热力循环效率,当爆震燃烧用于功率输出时,这种工作形式是应该避免的;但另一方面,由于部分充填的工作方式使爆震燃烧释放的能量在燃烧产物和隔离气体间重新分配,这种工作形式可以提高脉冲爆震发动机的总效率.      

Plasma-physical aspects of the solar cycle

Mass motions below the photosphere drive the solar cycle which is associated with variations in the magnetic field structure and accompanying phenomena. In addition to semi-empirical models, dynamo theories have been used to explain the solar cycle. The emergence of magnetic field generated by these mechanisms and its expansion into the corona involves many plasma physical processes. Magnetic buoyancy aids the expulsion of magnetic flux. The corona may respond dynamically or by continually adjusting to a quasi-static force-free or pressure-balanced equilibrium. The formation and disruption of current sheets is significant for the overall structure of the coronal magnetic field and the physics of quiescent prominences. The corona has a fine structure consisting of magnetic loops. The structure and stability of these are important as they are one of the underlying elements which make up the corona.     

论妇女平等就业权的法律保护

妇女平等就业权的保护是妇女劳动权益保护的一个重要方面,分析我国妇女平等就业权保护现状,提出如何加强对我国保障妇女平等就业权的法律保护,对保障妇女的劳动权益,推动我国社会和谐发展具有重要意义。     

一种新型内乘波式进气道初步研究

提出了内乘波式进气道的设计概念。该进气道以内收缩锥轴对称流场为基础，采用流线追踪技术并截取激波面生成。它具有设计状态流量捕获能力强；三维压缩效率高；波系结构简单且无复杂角部流动，流动损失小等特点。采用该概念设计了来流马赫数6的内乘波式进气道，CFD计算结果显示：粘性对该类进气道设计具有较大影响，附面层的发展会使按无粘条件设计的进气道性能有所下降。尽管还没有进行粘性修正，在相同设计马赫数条件下，内乘波式进气道压比、流量系数和总压恢复系数等性能高于某典型侧压式进气道。     

脉冲爆震燃气膨胀过程及能量转换难易度评价方法

为了提高脉冲爆震燃气的能量转换效率,分析了脉冲爆震燃气在涡轮内的膨胀过程,建立了评价爆震燃气能量转换难易度计算方法,并基于脉冲爆震燃烧室与轴流涡轮匹配工作数值模型,采用涡轮效率对燃气能量转换难易度计算方法进行了验证,结果表明: ①爆震波膨胀过程,爆震燃气在涡轮静叶内会产生热壅塞现象,并往上游形成前传压缩波; ②涡轮内爆震燃气的膨胀主要分一次膨胀、过度膨胀和二次膨胀三个阶段,爆震燃气在涡轮内的焓降主要发生在一次膨胀和二次膨胀阶段,在过度膨胀阶段,燃气在涡轮内做负功; ③当量比为0.72、0.89和1.00三种计算工况的燃气能量转换难易度分别为0.396、1.000和0.803,对应的涡轮效率分别为0.473 6、0.597 2和0.570 3,验证了燃气能量转换难易度计算方法的准确性。      

几种超声速非常规压缩系统的研究

根据斜激波和膨胀波理论,数值计算得到给定非常规压缩型面所形成的弯曲激波型面和壁面静压分布,同Fluent计算结果进行比较。应用Fluent软件,计算了等压力梯度设计非常规曲面压缩二元进气道、常规等熵压缩二元进气道和三楔压缩二元进气道设计点性能。研究结果表明:数值计算得到的弯曲激波型面与Fluent计算结果吻合较好。等压力梯度设计的非常规压缩型面壁面静压均匀上升,有利于防止壁面附面层分离;其压缩面长度比等熵压缩面缩短21.6%,减轻了进气道的重量。     

计算强化孔边应力场的实用方法

根据一种组合强化模型及其弹塑性有限元计算程序,依据有关实测结构,通过等向强化和Ｚｉｅｇｌｅｒ随动强化的适当组合,满意地计算了两种铝合金板材不同胀孔量下的冷胀残余应力,获得了组合比例与胀孔量的关系。同时进行了二次胀孔及干涉配合与拉伸大载荷相互作用的算例计算和分析。     

Theoretical and experimental technique of determining the mechanical characteristics of folded structure core in the form of Z-crimp. Theoretical foundations and core compression in transverse direction

The analytical formulas to determine the averaged elastic and strength characteristics of the folded structure core in the form of Z-crimp are obtained based on the assumption that the work of its elements (walls) at loading is momentless and they are eliminated from the work after buckling under bilateral tension-compression with shear. It is necessary to determine the dimensionless coefficients of the structural formulas obtained, that appear in solving the problems formulated, based on the data of the specially performed tension, compression and simple shear tests in two planes.