Stationary Motions of a Homogeneous Meteor Ring in the Gravitational Field of a Center

The problem of studying a ring in the gravitational field of a center arose after the discovery of Saturn's rings by Galileo and subsequent discovery of the rings of other planets of the Solar System. Modern theoretical investigations of the existence and stability of planetary rings are mostly related to studies of plane differentially rotating discs [1]. As opposed to this line of research, this paper follows the approach established in classical works [2–4].     

电磁场中薄板的混沌运动

在给出的横向磁场与机械载荷共同作用下薄板的振动方程的基础上,应用Galerkin法将薄板的振动方程简化为无扰动和扰动两种情形。针对扰动系统采用Melnikov方法得到系统存在n阶次谐波轨道,并给出了该系统存在Smale马蹄变换意义下的混沌现象的临界条件。     

Solving Optimization Problems for the Flight Trajectories of a Spacecraft with a High-Thrust Jet Engine in Pulse Formulation for an Arbitrary Gravitational Field in a Vacuum

A mathematically well-posed technique is suggested to obtain first-order necessary conditions of local optimality for the problems of optimization to be solved in a pulse formulation for flight trajectories of a spacecraft with a high-thrust jet engine (HTJE) in an arbitrary gravitational field in vacuum. The technique is based on the Lagrange principle of derestriction for conditional extremum problems in a function space. It allows one to formalize an algorithm of change from the problems of optimization to a boundary-value problem for a system of ordinary differential equations in the case of any optimization problem for which the pulse formulation makes sense. In this work, such a change is made for the case of optimizing the flight trajectories of a spacecraft with a HTJE when terminal and intermediate conditions (like equalities, inequalities, and the terminal functional of minimization) are taken in a general form. As an example of the application of the suggested technique, we consider in this work, within the framework of a bounded circular three-point problem in pulse formulation, the problem of constructing the flight trajectories of a spacecraft with a HTJE through one or several libration points (including the case of going through all libration points) of the Earth–Moon system. The spacecraft is launched from a circular orbit of an Earth's artificial satellite and, upon passing through a point (or points) of libration, returns to the initial orbit. The expenditure of mass (characteristic velocity) is minimized at a restricted time of transfer.     

The Use of Quaternions in the Optimal Control Problems of Motion of the Center of Mass of a Spacecraft in a Newtonian Gravitational Field: I

The problem of optimal control is considered for the motion of the center of mass of a spacecraft in a central Newtonian gravitational field. For solving the problem, two variants of the equations of motion for the spacecraft center of mass are used, written in rotating coordinate systems. Both the variants have a quaternion variable among the phase variables. In the first variant this variable characterizes the orientation of an instantaneous orbit of the spacecraft and (simultaneously) the spacecraft location in this orbit, while in the second variant only the instantaneous orbit orientation is specified by it. The suggested equations are convenient in the respect that they allow the general three-dimensional problem of optimal control by the motion of the spacecraft center of mass to be considered as a composition of two interrelated problems. In the first variant these problems are (1) the problem of control of the shape and size of the spacecraft orbit and (2) the problem of control of the orientation of a spacecraft orbit and the spacecraft location in this orbit. The second variant treats (1) the problem of control of the shape and size of the spacecraft orbit and the orbit location of the spacecraft and (2) the problem of control of the orientation of the spacecraft orbit. The use of quaternion variables makes this consideration most efficient. The problem of optimal control is solved on the basis of the maximum principle. Several first integrals of the systems of equations of the boundary value problems of the maximum principle are found. Transformations are suggested that reduce the dimensions of the systems of differential equations of boundary value problems (without complicating them). Geometrical interpretations are given to the transformations and first integrals. The relation of the vectorial first integral of one of the derived systems of equations (which is an analog of the well-known vectorial first integral of the studied problem of optimal control) with the found quaternion first integral is considered. In this paper, which is the first part of the work, we consider the models of motion of the spacecraft center of mass that employ quaternion variables. The problem of optimal control by the motion of the spacecraft center of mass is investigated on the basis of the first variant of equations of motion. An example of a numerical solution of the problem is given.     

The Use of Quaternions in the Optimal Control Problems of Motion of the Center of Mass of a Spacecraft in a Newtonian Gravitational Field: II

The problem of a rendezvous in the central Newtonian gravitational field is considered for a controlled spacecraft and an uncontrollable spacecraft moving along an elliptic Keplerian orbit. For solving the problem, two variants of the equations of motion for the spacecraft center of mass are used, written in rotating coordinate systems and using quaternion variables to describe the orientations of these coordinate systems. In the first variant of the equations of motion a quaternion variable characterizes the orientation of an instantaneous orbit of the spacecraft and the spacecraft location in the orbit, while in the second variant it characterizes the orientation of the plane of the spacecraft instantaneous orbit and the location of a generalized pericenter in the orbit. The quaternion variable used in the second variant of the equations of motion is a quaternion osculating element of the spacecraft orbit. The problem of a rendezvous of two spacecraft is formulated as a problem of optimal control by the motion of the center of mass of a controlled spacecraft with a movable right end of the trajectory, and it is solved on the basis of Pontryagin's maximum principle.     

固体发动机燃烧室内流场数值模拟研究现状

从三个方面介绍了固体火箭发动机燃烧室内流动数值模拟研究的现状及取得的成果，包括发动机点火传播及起动过程的数值研究，翼环槽内流场研究和粒子轨迹，熔渣计算，并对我国开展此项研究的重点提出了建议。     

一种单路开环对消电路设计

文中设计一种形式新颖的开环对消电路 ,用于提高收发天线的隔离度 .它由耦合器、衰减器、移相电路和加法器组成。具有宽频带 ,结构简单 ,体积小等特点。试验结果表明 ,此对消电路可在 40 0 MHz工作频段内实现 1 0 d B以上对消比     

Doppler Detection of Gravitational Bursts Using the Earth's Satellites

We discuss the possibility of detection of low-frequency gravitational waves by means of Doppler tracking of a relatively close satellite of the Earth. A detailed analysis is performed of electromagnetic fluctuations in the space communication channel and of the instrumental noise of receiving–transmitting systems. It is shown that when certain compensating procedures are used, one can detect gravitational radiation generated in star collapses and coalescences of binaries in our Galaxy in the frequency range from 2 × 10^–3 to 5 × 10^–1 Hz and with a metric variation amplitude of 10^–15 and higher.     

Gravitational maneuvers as a way to direct small asteroids to trajectory of a rendezvous with dangerous near-Earth objects

A possibility to prevent collisions with the Earth of dangerous celestial bodies by directing at them small asteroids is considered. It is proposed to solve this problem using a gravitational maneuver near the Earth.     

The Mode of Gravitational Orientation for the International Space Station

The results of the determination of the uncontrolled attitude motion of the International Space Station during its unmanned flight in 1999 are presented. The data of onboard measurements of three components of the angular velocity are used for this determination. These data covering an interval of slightly less than one orbit were jointly processed by the least squares method, by integrating the equations of motion of the station relative to its center of mass. As a result of this processing, the initial conditions of the motion and the parameters of the mathematical model used were estimated. The actual motion of the station has been determined for 20 such intervals during April–November. Throughout these intervals, the station rotated about the axis of the minimum moment of inertia, the latter executing small oscillations relative to the local vertical. Such a mode, known as the mode of gravitational orientation of a rotating satellite or the mode of generalized gravitational orientation, was planned before the flight. The measurements were made to verify it. The quasistatic component of the microaccelerations aboard the station is estimated for this mode.     

结合环的导子与交换性

利用导子对结合环交换性进行了研究,推广了已有结论。     

螺旋槽薄壁件的加工

介绍了在不锈钢薄壁零件外圆上铣72条螺旋槽的加工工艺。在X53万能立式铣床上,通过挂轮,使分度头主轴随铣床纵向工作台的进给运动作连续旋转,以实现螺旋槽加工;通过采用合理的装夹、加工方法,选择合理的切削参数,选用先进的粉末冶金高速钢立铣刀,解决了铣削奥氏体不锈钢(1Cr18Ni9Ti)薄壁零件的加工难题。     

Gravitational Interaction of Celestial Bodies and neutron flux bursts from Their Surfaces

The gravitational interaction between the Sun and the planetary solar system gives rise to the well-known tidal waves at the planets. The tidal wave originating in the Earth's crust perpetually transforms the microstructure of the Earth's crust leading to a variation of the concentration of natural radioactive gases in the terrestrial air and to changed conditions of their leakage to the Earth's atmosphere. These variations give rise to bursts of thermal and slow neutrons in the vicinity of the Earth's crust, because the radioactive gases are sources of energetic alpha particles that induce neutron production upon the interaction with the nuclei of elements of the Earth's crust and atmosphere. In this work, the idea of neutron production in the ground coat is extended to the other celestial bodies interacting with one another.     

聚四氟乙烯薄壁密封件的切削加工

介绍了聚四氟乙烯薄壁密封件的切削加工难点及改善措施,较详细地论述了车加工聚四氟乙烯薄薄壁密封件方法及所用的刀具、刀具几何角度、切削用量和冷却要求。通过对薄壁密封环的结构进行分析,选择合理的进、退刀路线和加工方案,使薄壁密封环在加工后能够保证产品的设计要求,可以为以后同类型的密封件零件的机械加工积累经验。     

线性分布的细金属柱体成像

将改进的截断奇异值分解算法用于线性分布的细金属柱体成像计算。在散射模型中引入多极子展开分析散射体间的耦合作用,考虑一、二次散射对模型进行简化;在线性反演算法中,用截断奇异值分解正则化方法处理算法中的不适定性,并对正则化参数选取进行修正。仿真结果表明：当选取的正则化参数合适时,该法可获得较好的成像效果。     

Evolution of the Motion of a Viscoelastic Sphere in a Central Newtonian Field

The evolution of translational-rotational motion of a viscoelastic sphere in a central Newtonian field is studied. By the method of separating motions and averaging in the generalized Andoyer–Delaunay variables, equations are derived that describe the evolution of motion. The analysis of the approximate equations obtained is performed. The condition of existence of a steady-state motion is found, and its stability is investigated using the equations in variations.     

偏视场光学系统视场优化设计方法

文章以同轴三反偏视场光学系统型式为例,利用ZEMAX宏建立优化函数,实现了将光学系统视场中心位置、视场大小作为变量进行优化设计,从而实现了综合考虑光学系统视场、像质及相关尺寸要求的整体优化.