基于变速积分的高速电机磁悬浮控制系统设计

针对磁悬浮高速电机的磁轴承-转子系统,设计了基于MCU+FPGA的数字控制系统。为实现转子系统的高转速下稳定控制,在建立了磁轴承-转子闭环控制系统模型的基础上,针对常规PID控制系统的超调振荡问题和PD控制系统的转子位移静差问题,利用变速积分的思想设计了改进的PID控制器。实验表明,在消除了系统静差的同时明显减小了系统的超调量和调节时间,说明设计的控制系统具有很好的动态特性和稳态精度。     

基于鲁棒模型的航空交流感应电机预测转矩控制

航空领域对驱动电机的动态、稳态及鲁棒性能提出了更为苛刻的要求。近年来,有限集模型预测控制（FCS-MPC）以其动态响应快、稳态性能好（同开关频率下）等诸多优点成为电机驱动领域的国际研究前沿。然而,预测模型依赖于电机参数,鲁棒性差。特别地,在感应电机的FCS-MPC中,模型失配引起电磁转矩预测误差,进而降低系统性能甚至导致系统失稳。针对此问题,提出了一种基于鲁棒模型的感应电机预测转矩控制。在定子电流预测方面,在传统开环模式的基础上,建立了闭环模式的定子电流预测方程,研究了其稳定性及参数设计方法。在定子磁链矢量预测方面,在传统电压模型预测法的基础上,建立了融合电压模型及电流模型的离散混合预测模型,基于比例积分调节器调节电压模型到电流模型的平滑切换。感应电机的电磁转矩则由闭环模式预测的定子电流和定子磁链计算得到。在一台2.2 kW感应电机实验平台上对本文提出的算法进行验证,实验结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

Anti-disturbance attitude control of combined spacecraft with enhanced control allocation scheme

In this paper, we propose a novel anti-disturbance attitude control law for combined spacecraft with an improved closed-loop control allocation scheme. More specifically, a saturated approach is adopted to guarantee the global asymptotic stability under control input saturation. To enhance the robustness of the system, a nonlinear disturbance observer is constructed to compensate the disturbances caused by inertial parameter uncertainty and unmodeled dynamics. Next, the quadratic programming algorithm is used to obtain an optimal open-loop control allocation scheme, where both energy consumption and actuator saturation have been considered in the allocation of the virtual control command. Then, a modified closed-loop control allocation scheme is proposed to reduce the allocation error under the actuator uncertainty. Finally, stability analysis of the closed-loop system with the proposed allocation scheme is provided. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

Closed-loop dynamic control allocation for aircraft with multiple actuators

A closed-loop control allocation method is proposed for a class of aircraft with multiple actuators. Nonlinear dynamic inversion is used to design the baseline attitude controller and derive the desired moment increment. And a feedback loop for the moment increment produced by the deflections of actuators is added to the angular rate loop, then the error between the desired and actual moment increment is the input of the dynamic control allocation. Subsequently, the stability of the closed-loop dynamic control allocation system is analyzed in detail. Especially, the closedloop system stability is also analyzed in the presence of two types of actuator failures: loss of effectiveness and lock-in-place actuator failures, where a fault detection subsystem to identify the actuator failures is absent. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a canard rotor/wing (CRW) aircraft model in fixed-wing mode, which has multiple actuators for flight control. The nonlinear simulation demonstrates that this method can guarantee the stability and tracking performance whether the actuators are healthy or fail.     

Constrained adaptive neural network control of an MIMO aeroelastic system with input nonlinearities

A constrained adaptive neural network control scheme is proposed for a multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) aeroelastic system in the presence of wind gust, system uncertainties, and input nonlinearities consisting of input saturation and dead-zone. In regard to the input nonlinear-ities, the right inverse function block of the dead-zone is added before the input nonlinearities, which simplifies the input nonlinearities into an equivalent input saturation. To deal with the equiv-alent input saturation, an auxiliary error system is designed to compensate for the impact of the input saturation. Meanwhile, uncertainties in pitch stiffness, plunge stiffness, and pitch damping are all considered, and radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) are applied to approximate the system uncertainties. In combination with the designed auxiliary error system and the backstep-ping control technique, a constrained adaptive neural network controller is designed, and it is pro-ven that all the signals in the closed-loop system are semi-globally uniformly bounded via the Lyapunov stability analysis method. Finally, extensive digital simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme towards flutter suppression in spite of the integrated effects of wind gust, system uncertainties, and input nonlinearities.     

飞机横侧响应反馈控制律设计

以某原型机为例对三自由度电传系统横侧响应反馈控制律的设计原理及计算方法进行了探讨，所提出的参数顶修正法能使指标检验与系统控制参数调整构成稳定闭环，进一步提高了匹配精度。经数字仿真和实时仿真试验证明，所提出的方法能够满足总体要求。     

Further Results on Multipath Angle Error Reduction Using Multiple-Target Methods

The two-target technique proposed by the author in an earlier paper [1] for reducing radar multipath angle tracking errors has been simulated on a digital computer assuming an actual closed-loop system. When tracking with noise, the technique provides angle error performance which compares quite favorably with the expected performance given in [1] Furthermore, the large bias errors usually encountered in normal monopulse systems at low elevation angles are removed. Results of typical tracks are given, both for the method of [1], and for a modified version of the method which applies primarily to shipboard radar systems. Some results on loss of lock are also presented.     

Model reference adaptive control with smooth switching scheme for piecewise linear systems and its application in turbofan engine control

A model reference adaptive control (MRAC) with smooth switching scheme was proposed for piecewise linear systems, and the method was utilized in turbofan engine control to avoid the discontinuity of control input. In this scheme, each sub-region of the operating envelope had its own MRAC controller, and smooth indicator function based smooth switching scheme was introduced to switch multiple controllers smoothly at the boundary of adjacent sub-regions. The Lyapunov stability analysis indicated that the proposed smooth switching scheme can guarantee the convergence of the closed-loop system during the controllers switching. The tracking error system was converted into a switched system to analyze the global stability of the closed-loop system. The advantage of the method was that the chattering of system output and instability caused by asynchronous switching can be eliminated. The simulation illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme in comparison with the existing MRAC controller with gain scheduling for turbofan engine.      

Decoupled ultimate boundedness control of systems and largeaircraft maneuver

The robust trajectory control of a class of nonlinear systems which can be decoupled by state-variable feedback is considered. It is assumed that the system matrices are unknown but bounded. A nonlinear control law is derived so that the tracking error in the closed-loop system is uniformly bounded and tends to a certain small neighborhood of the origin. The error dynamics are asymptotically decoupled in an approximate sense. The controller includes a reference trajectory generator and uses the integral feedback of the tracking error. On the basis of this result, a flight control system is designed for the control of roll angle, angle of attack, and sideslip in rapid, nonlinear maneuvers of aircraft. Simulation results are presented to show that large, simultaneous lateral and longitudinal maneuvers can be performed in spite of the uncertainty in the stability derivatives     

计算机系统电磁兼容性设计

计算机系统对电磁环境十分敏感，同时还会污染局部电磁环境对其他设备构成干扰。本文分析了数字计算机系统的敏感机理，并提出了抗干扰措施。     

输入受限的高超声速飞行器鲁棒反演控制

针对存在参数摄动的吸气式高超声速飞行器（AHV）弹性体模型,考虑执行机构幅值和速率受限问题,提出了一种基于辅助误差补偿策略的鲁棒反演控制方法。采用改进的辅助系统,保证了执行机构在幅值与速率同时达到饱和时闭环控制系统的稳定性和跟踪误差的有界性;采用有限时间收敛微分器（FD）,实现了对虚拟指令及其一阶导数的有效估计,并在此基础上,设计非线性干扰观测器（NDO）,对模型不确定项进行了平滑估计,进一步提高了控制精度。通过仿真,验证了所设计控制方法的有效性。     

直升机鲁棒控制器设计及地面仿真试验

以直升机为被控对象,应用LQR技术设计了三轴稳定鲁棒控制器.以直升机模型、执行器模型以及设计的三轴稳定控制器构成全数字闭环仿真系统进行仿真,并将所设计的鲁棒控制器编制鲁棒实时飞行控制律软件加载至飞行控制计算机,在实际地面仿真环境下进行了较为全面的地面联试.仿真结果表明,所设计的鲁棒控制器正确有效,并为其进一步应用于实际飞行控制系统打下了坚实基础.     

航空发动机转速数控系统的动态模拟研究

本文介绍航空发动机转速数控系统的动态实时模拟研究,包括微机内控制算法的设计,高频干扰信号对系统稳定工作的影响,超转和溢出故障的处理等内容。通过模拟试验,得出了一些有益的结论。      

基于跟踪微分器的高超声速飞行器Backstepping控制

针对存在模型参数不确定和外部干扰的高超声速飞行器（HFV）跟踪控制问题,提出一种基于Backstepping方法的抗饱和非线性控制器。将飞行器纵向动力学模型分为速度子系统和航迹倾角子系统,然后针对每个子系统单独设计控制器。设计跟踪微分器获得信号的一阶导数,用以估计系统中的不确定干扰项和避免"微分项膨胀"问题。控制器设计过程考虑了控制量发生饱和的情况。基于Lyapunov理论证明了闭环系统信号的稳定性。与传统高超声速飞行器Backstepping方法相比,所设计的控制器采用待跟踪状态与理想控制指令之间的实际误差作为反馈量,放宽了对系统干扰项的限制,提高了控制器对控制增益变化的适应性,进而提高了闭环系统的跟踪控制性能。对比仿真结果验证了所设计方法的有效性。     

航空发动机增益调度控制的多项式平方和规划方法

针对现有的线性变参数(linear parameter varying,LPV)控制器设计方法都是关于仿射参数依赖系统而没有专门针对多项式描述的LPV系统这一现状,提出了一种基于多项式平方和(sum of squares,SOS)规划的增益调度控制设计方法,并将其用于转速大范围变化时的航空发动机高压转子转速及压比控制.根据发动机非线性模型获取不同转速下的状态空间模型,并利用多项式拟合的方法建立发动机线性变参数模型.给出能够保证无静差的增益调度控制结构,利用有界实定理和多项式平方和理论推导出能够保证闭环系统鲁棒稳定的SOS约束条件,并形成控制器求解的SOS规划问题,通过求解获得多项式描述的增益调度控制器.分别以LPV模型和发动机非线性模型为对象做阶跃仿真,结果表明:高压转子转速/发动机压比控制系统的调节时间在2s以内,稳态误差不超过0.1%.      

基于DSP的数字化电动舵系统改进设计

对某型基于N80C196单片机的数字电动舵系统进行了改进设计,利用DSP控制技术对其数字控制器升级改造,在数字滤波、控制算法和舵系统的响应快速性、静态稳定性等方面进行了研究,并进行了舵系统DSP控制器的研制和调试。针对改进的舵系统提出了一种分段PID／变结构复合控制算法,完成了DSP数字化舵系统的硬件设计和软件设计,采用C语言和汇编语言进行DSP控制器编程。通过实验测试运行结果和计算机仿真结果的对比,以及对通频带的测试,说明了改进设计电动舵系统的DSP控制器的有效性。     

Feedback linearization and solar pressure satellite attitudecontrol

The question of large angle pitch attitude maneuver of satellites using solar radiation pressure is considered. For pitch axis maneuver, two highly reflective control surfaces are used to generate radiation moment. Based on dynamic feedback linearization, a nonlinear control law is derived for large pitch attitude control. In the closed-loop system, the response characteristics of the pitch angle are governed by a fourth-order linear differential equation. Robustness of control system is obtained by the integral error feedback. Simulation results are presented to show that in the closed-loop system, attitude control of the satellite is accomplished in spite of the parameter uncertainty in the system     

基于线性矩阵不等式的电传飞机人机闭环系统稳定域

 针对静不稳定电传飞机作动器速率限制环节引起的Ⅱ型驾驶员诱发振荡(PIO)严重威胁飞机飞行安全的问题,研究了考虑作动器速率限制因素的人机闭环系统稳定域。引入增广状态变量分离速率限制环节,建立了人机闭环系统饱和非线性模型。为得到尽可能大的人机闭环系统稳定域估计,首先将稳定域求解问题转化为凸优化问题,再通过Schur补引理将其转化为线性矩阵不等式的求解问题,最终得到了人机闭环系统椭球体稳定域估计的一般算法。时域仿真研究表明:所估计的稳定域略微保守但不冒进,静不稳定电传飞机的Ⅱ型PIO是一种发散很快的振荡而非极限环振荡,驾驶员操纵增益以及作动器速率限制值是影响稳定域的重要因素。稳定域法物理意义清晰、结果直观,可用于非线性人机闭环系统稳定性的评估。     

基于自适应FIR算法的交流伺服系统前馈控制

永磁同步电机(PMSM)交流伺服控制系统中由于电子器件的开关引起相电流非正弦变化,经坐标变换得到的交直轴电流含有谐波成分,引起电流环振荡及电磁转矩脉动。在分析相电流与交直轴电流高次谐波关系,以及交直轴电流高次谐波对电磁转矩影响的基础上,提出了一种基于自适应FIR滤波器的交流伺服系统前馈控制策略,并在该方法的基础上提出了变步长因子算法,根据误差值改变步长因子,在提高滤波器收敛速度的同时减小超调。该算法与传统的一阶低通滤波器相比,相位不滞后,灵敏度更高,且系统稳定。改进后的控制策略有效地降低交直轴电流谐波,抑制电流环振荡及电磁转矩脉动,提高PMSM交流伺服控制系统稳定性及动态响应。通过仿真与试验证明了该方法的可行性。