Canceler Performance Degradation Due to Estimation Noise

The multiple sidelobe canceler (MSLC) configured using the gradient descent algorithm converges to an approximation to the optimum weight vector. Since the weight vector estimate is obtained from a finite data set, there is a random error that increases the steady state residue power. An exact analysis of the steady state residue power for a digital implementation is performed. The analysis predicts that as the algorithm's gain (step size) is increased, the steady state residue power tends towards infinity. The gain that causes infinite power is smaller than the gain that causes instability for the average weight vector analysis. It is shown that the steady state residue power is equal to the minimum residue power multiplied by a factor that depends upon ratios of the eigenvalues. The steady state residue power is evaluated for some special cases. It is shown that the value of the factor is greatest when the interference is due to a single jammer.     

Performance of Digital Implementations of an Adaptive Processor

The performance of a digital implementation of an Applebaum-Howells type adaptive processor is analyzed for both a limiter and nonlimiter configuration. The performance is evaluated in terms of steady-state residue power, using either a single-pole filter or a perfect integrator to smooth the output of the correlation mixer. The latter filter is the more commonly used for digital implementations. It is shown that when using the perfect integrator filter for both the limiter and linear digital implementations, the steady-state average weight vector equals the optimum weight vector. Thus, for this filter, the steady-state residue power is the minimum possible for either implementation. When using the single-pole filter, neither implementation achieves the minimum possible steady-state residue power. The relative performance of the two implementations depends upon the relative gain settings. When the gains are adjusted to give comparable servo stability for the design maximum jammer power, a reasonable criterion for digital implementations because of analog to digital saturation, the limiter configuration always has smaller steady-state residue power.     

A Fast Beamforming Algorithm for Large Arrays

This beamforming algorithm is written specifically for array radars in which the number of array elements K is very large compared with the number of jammers L the radar is designed to suppress. It uses a set of M noise vectors to construct a basis for the jammer component of the antenna output vectors. The component of the quiescent weight vector orthogonal to each basis vector is calculated, renormalized to unit length, and identified as the adapted weight vector. This algorithm is effective in the suppression of many types of jammers. The number of noise samples M required in the construction of the adapted weight vector is approximately equal to L. In the special case of L narrowband noise jammers, for example, a choice of M = L usually reduces the receiver output jammer power to a few dBs above the white noise background. It is permissible to have M相似文献   

基于等效时间的混合储能系统高功率密度优化配置

越来越多的电力电子装置应用到多电飞机（MEA）电力系统中,导致MEA用电负荷功率呈现脉动特性,采用混合储能系统（HESS）平抑负荷功率脉动。为减少HESS重量,提出了一种高功率密度的优化配置方法。为建立负荷功率与储能介质之间的关系,提出了等效时间（ET）的概念,比较两者的ET常数作为储能系统类型选取的依据。进一步提出空间矢量法,采用能量型储能介质矢量和功率型储能介质矢量合成负荷功率,确定最优单体和截止频率,实现了HESS高功率密度配置。同时,从能量约束和功率约束两个方面进行HESS的容量的计算。最后,通过算例配置和仿真分析验证了本文所提方法的可行性和正确性。     

Normalized LMS Algorithm Degradation Due to Estimation Noise

The steady-state weight vector derived by either the least mean square (LMS) or normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithms has random deviations from the optimum values. These deviations increase the steady-state residue power. A previous paper derived the LMS weight noise effects for a multiple sidelobe canceller (MSLC) application. This paper describes the NLMS weight noise effects. It is shown that for a thermal noise environment, the weight noise effect for the LMS algorithm is insignificant but is quite significant for the NLMS algorithm. Calculations for example noise plus interference environments imply that the NLMS weight noise effects are always larger than that for LMS.     

Optimal thickness distributions of aeroelastic flapping shells

The severe weight limitations of flapping wing micro air vehicles necessitates the use of thin flexible wings, which in turn requires an aeroelastic modeling tool for proper numerical characterization. Furthermore, due to the unconventional nature of these vehicles, wing design guidelines for thrust and/or power considerations are not generally available; numerical design optimization then becomes a valuable tool. This work couples a nonlinear shell model to an unsteady vortex lattice solver, and then computes analytical design gradients: the derivative of aerodynamic force/power quantities with respect to a large vector of thickness variables. Gradient-based optimization is then used to locate the wing structure that maximizes the thrust, or minimizes the power under a thrust constraint, for a variety of shell boundary conditions. Changes in the topological features of the optimal wing thicknesses highlight important aeroelastic interactions that can be exploited for efficient flapping wings.     

基于QR分解最小二乘算法消除ECG中工频干扰

研究了一种基于QR分解最小二乘(QRD-LS)算法消除ECG中工频干扰的方法,此方法采用基于数据域处理的QRD-LS算法进行权值的训练和更新,其直接针对输入数据矩阵进行递推,且可用并行Systolic处理结构高效地实现。并且能自适应消除工频干扰,提高信干比,仿真结果验证了理论。     

Space vector modulation strategy for an eight-switch three-phase NPC converter

A three-phase neutral point clamped (NPC) converter is presented for power factor correction and dc-link voltage regulation. A simplified space vector pulsewidth modulation scheme (SVPWM) is adopted to track line current commands. Using a simplified SVPWM algorithm, the calculated time for the time duration of voltage vector is reduced. The adopted NPC converter has less power switches compared with the conventional three-level NPC converter. Only eight power switches and four clamping diodes with voltage stress of half the dc bus voltage are used in the circuit configuration. Based on the proposed control algorithm, a reference voltage vector is generated on the ac terminal for drawing the sinusoidal line currents with unity power factor. Computer simulation and experimental results based on a laboratory prototype are presented to verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.     

雷达电源系统安全运行健康状态评估研究

雷达电源系统的运行状态直接影响整个雷达设备的安全性与性能指标的实现,如何实现雷达电源的 健康状态评估是亟待解决的问题。首先采用雷达电源正常状态下的健康特征数据训练自组织神经网络;然后 计算监测数据与训练后的自组织神经网络中权重向量的距离,将距离值归一化表示为健康度;最后利用试验数 据计算健康度,并实现健康分级。结果表明:该模型计算的健康度随电源老化时间变化整体呈现下降的特点, 该模型可以实现雷达电源健康状态评估。     

难加工材料切削状态的识别——模式识别技术的应用

本文介绍模式识别技术在难加工材料切削状态识别中的应用,这是实现适应性控制的第一步。根据切削试验中切削力随机信号处理的结果,可以看出在自相关图和自功率谱图与切削现象之间存在着内在联系。在此基础上分别建立了有无积屑瘤以及将切屑分成三类的判别函数。利用这些判别函数来识别切削状态的结果表明,模式识别技术在切削加工中的应用是成功的。     

Error Analysis of the Optimal Antenna Array Processors

The optimal weights of an antenna array processor, which maximizes the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the absence of errors, are computed using the noise-alone matrix inverse (NAMI) and the steering vector in the look direction or the signal-plus-noise matrix inverse (SPNMI) and the steering vector. In practice the estimated steering vector as well as the estimated optimal weights are corrupted by random errors. This paper has analyzed the effects of these errors on the performance of the NAMI processor and the SPNMI processor by deriving analytic expressions for the output signal power, output noise power, output SNR, and the array gain as a function of the error variance. The treatment is for a general array configuration and no assumption about a particular array geometry is made.     

一种基于特征空间的自适应天线旁瓣相消算法

把常规自适应天线旁瓣相消算法和特征空间技术相结合,提出了一种新的自适应天线旁瓣相消算法。该算法把常规自适应天线旁瓣相消算法的权矢量向由干扰特征矢量组成的干扰子空间投影,避免了由小特征值对应特征矢量组成的噪声子空间对权矢量的影响,与常规自适应天线旁瓣相消算法相比,该算法具有更好的干扰对消性能,其输出干扰对消比和波束方向图都能在很少的快拍下收敛。计算机仿真结果证实了这种算法的有效性。     

利用变速控制力矩陀螺的航天器集成能量与姿态控制

 利用变速控制力矩陀螺(VSCMG)的航天器姿态与能量一体化控制问题。针对以VSCMG为姿态控制执行机构的刚体航天器设计了全局渐近稳定的姿态跟踪控制律。将VSCMG的框架角速度和转子角加速度作为控制输入向量设计操纵律。利用加权的最小范数解得到VSCMG的姿态控制输入向量,并用与之正交的控制输入向量来以给定的功率存储/释放能量。提出了同时表征力矩陀螺模式构型奇异和转子轮速平衡的混合指标函数。对控制自由度有冗余的系统,在混合指标函数的基础上利用梯度法构建了VSCMG的空转运动,以回避力矩陀螺模式的构型奇异,并同时减小转子转速差过大引起的转速饱和以及VSCMG零奇异的可能性。利用反馈转子动能的方法规划日照期间的储能功率,以维持系统长时间工作的能量平衡。基于某太阳同步轨道卫星的数值仿真结果验证了系统的有效性。     

飞艇续航时间论证方法研究

由于飞艇续航时间受飞行速度、重力浮力配平方式、载油量变化、风场条件等多种因素的影响,飞机续航时间计算方法并不适用于飞艇,因此提出了一种新的基于试验设计和统计分析方法的飞艇续航时间论证方法。分析了工作高度的风场速度分布规律,分别给出完全靠发动机推力矢量平衡和完全靠动升力平衡两种不同情况下飞艇续航时间计算方法,以某大型对流层飞艇为研究对象,计算了初始方案在不同平均巡航速度、配平重量和配平方式下的平均燃油消耗率和最大续航时间,对经过减阻、减重、减少耗油率等技术改进后优化方案能达到的续航时间和概率进行了分析和论证。研究表明,某飞艇初始方案在使用区域风场条件下基本能满足留空时间72h的指标要求,经技术改进后,指标仍有较大的提升的空间。方法考虑了飞艇续航时间的多种影响因素、取值变化和交互影响,比较适宜在飞艇这类涉及重浮力配平和任务耗油率变化的浮空器上使用。     

一种单矢量风洞天平校准系统设计

介绍了一种单矢量六自由度风洞天平校准系统的设计。采用砝码匀速运动过程中碰撞卸载的方法,实现对压电天平的瞬时加载;通过控制天平姿态以及砝码在加载头上的挂点位置实现单矢量加载;并采用多元校准方法对天平信号进行处理,满足超高速风洞测力试验对六分量压电天平校准的需求。校准系统主要由天平姿态调整机构、砝码加载机构、碰撞卸载机构以及控制系统、测量系统等部分组成。系统构造简单、系统误差源少,具有校准效率高,校准精度高等优点。     

The eigencanceler: adaptive radar by eigenanalysis methods

It is shown that the dominant eigenvectors of the space-time correlation matrix contain all the information about the space-time distribution of the interferences. The eigencanceler is a new approach to adaptive radar beamforming in which the weight vector is constrained to be in the noise subspace, the subspace orthogonal to the dominant eigenvectors. Two types of eigencancelers are suggested: the minimum power eigencanceler (MPE) and the minimum norm eigencanceler (MNE). It is shown that while the MPE is implemented as a linear combination of noise eigenvectors, the MNE can be formed using dominant eigenvectors only. Particularly for short data records, the MNE provides superior clutter and jammers cancellation, as well as lower variations in the pattern and lower distortion of the mainbeam, and can be carried out at a smaller computational cost than other known beamformers, such as the minimum variance beamformer     

The C-17 multifunction display: a building block for avionicsystems

The multifunction display (MFD) developed for use as the primary cockpit display system on the US Air Force C-17A military air transport is described. The 6-in by 6-in color cathode ray tube (CRT) display features a self-contained 1750 processor and vector generator capable of processing MIL-STD-1553B aircraft data and raster video into any of 10 formats as selected by the pilot or copilot. The MFD can display stroke, raster, or hybrid formats in 16 colors. Raster images are driven by sensor inputs with an RS-170 or RS-343 interface. The CRT uses a taut mask delta gun design and provides the best available brightness and line-width performance. The display features small size, low weight, low power, standard interface, and adaptable software. Reconfigurability in the aircraft is enhanced by using four identical cockpit displays     

Computer Simulations of Optimum Boost and Buck-Boost Converters

The development of mathematical models suitable for minimum weight boost and buck-boost converter designs are presented. The facility of an augumented Lagrangian (ALAG) multiplier-based nonlinear programming technique is demonstrated for minimum weight design optimizations of boost and buck-boost power converters. ALAG-based computer simulation results for those two minimum weight designs are discussed. Certain important features of ALAG are presented in the framework of a comprehensive design example for boost and buck-boost power converter design optimization. The study provides refreshing design insight of power converters and presents such information as weight and loss profiles of various semiconductor components and magnetics as a function of the switching frequency.     

The Effect of Random Steering Vector Errors in the Applebaum Adaptive Array

The effect of random errors in the steering vector of an Applebaum adaptive array is examined. Each component of the steering vector is assumed to have a random error component uncorrelated between elements. The array output signal-to-interferenceplus-noise ratio (SINR) is computed as a function of the error variance. It is shown that the array output SINR becomes more sensitive to steering vector errors as more elements are added to the array and as the received desired signal power becomes larger. The variance of the steering vector error that may be tolerated depends on the required desired signal dynamic range. The larger the dynamic range that must be accommodated, the smaller the error variance must be.     

基于三迭代与二阶锥规划的机载MIMO雷达稳健降维STAP方法

针对机载多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达空时自适应处理(STAP)中期望目标导向矢量的失配问题,提出一种基于三迭代(TRIA)与二阶锥规划(SOCP)的稳健降维MIMO-STAP方法。首先将MIMO-STAP权矢量分解为发射、接收、多普勒3个低维权矢量的Kronecker积,然后分别限定实际发射、接收、多普勒导向矢量与假定导向矢量之间的误差范数边界,通过优化最差性能,利用SOCP对各个低维权矢量进行三迭代求解,最后进行权矢量合成。该方法在保证机载MIMO雷达获取稳健STAP性能的同时,通过三迭代降维处理,能够有效降低训练样本数需求与运算复杂度,因此更具有实际应用价值。仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。