我国遥感卫星系统发展进阶路径探讨

文章回顾了作为人造地球卫星重要分支的遥感卫星及其相关的遥感技术和遥感产业的国内外发展历程,结合未来技术发展趋势和我国新时代发展需求,分别针对高端卫星和商业卫星,探讨我国卫星遥感系统发展进阶路径,提出值得关注的重大技术方向,旨在为卫星系统规划、遥感载荷部署、卫星应用拓展等提供借鉴。     

深空探测对航天器热控技术的推动

工程热物理学广泛应用于航天领域,一方面解决了具体航天工程问题,另一方面逐步发展成为交叉学科——空间热物理。随着我国在深空探测领域不断拓展,以深空探测器研制中的工程热物理问题为需求背景,推动着航天器热控制技术、防热技术等取得新的发展。文章在介绍深空探测器技术体系的基础上,分析了热设计、热分析、热试验、热控硬件、防热等方面的技术进步,并就深空探测领域进一步拓展对工程热物理发展的牵引进行了展望,分析了工程热物理学与航天技术间相互促进、相互推动的关系。     

基于产品保证的卫星可靠性保证机制与作用的研究

文章根据国内卫星可靠性保证的现状,与NASA、ESA等进行了对比分析,结合GJB 450A要求,研究了基于产品保证下卫星可靠性保证模式及其运行机制,并探讨了可靠性保证对卫星稳定运行和可靠性增长的内在作用。研究表明,产品保证下的可靠性保证是卫星可靠性的必然趋势,基于全寿命周期的使用和耐用开展可靠性的设计、分析、试验和管理工作是卫星可靠性保证的重点,必须加强卫星可靠性发展的基础研究。     

The role of the united nations in promoting international cooperation in peaceful uses of outer space

The Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) was established in 1959 by the United Nations General Assembly in order to review and foster international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space and to consider legal issues arising from the exploration of outer space. Since its establishment, the Committee has addressed such issues as benefits from space activities, the definition and delimitation of outer space and the use of the geostationary orbit, implications of remote sensing, space sciences, space-based communications, navigation and meteorological systems, as well as use of nuclear power sources in outer space, space debris and spin-off benefits of space technology. At its session in 1996, a symposium on the ‘Utilization of micro- and small satellites for the expansion of low-cost space activities, taking into particular account the needs of developing countries’ was organized by COSPAR and IAF to complement discussions on this theme. It was noted at the symposium that the increasing number of small satellites, in particular the proposed introduction of multi-satellite ‘constellations’ at low orbits, would result in concentrations of satellite mass at certain regions of space around the Earth. Special provisions would be needed to minimize the probability of satellite breakups and collisions which might create more space debris and compromise the future of spaceflight.     

美军军事卫星通信系统的研究现状及发展趋势

介绍了军事卫星通信在现代战争中的地位和作用,着重分析了美军三大军事通信系统的研究现状及未来发展趋势,并说明了美军卫星通信系统发展带来的启示.     

Prospects and opportunities for space collaboration with Latin America: What can India contribute and gain?

India in Asia and Brazil in Latin America are regarded as the most promising global economies. This paper examines the openings and possibilities for space technology collaboration between India and Latin American states under the larger rubric of science and technology collaboration. While the distance and language barriers between the two regions have proved a hindrance in the past, the paper proceeds with an assumption that, in the 21st century, such barriers should not be a limitation on developing strategic, economic, and science and technology partnerships among nation-states. The paper argues that the Latin American states are keen to have their own satellites because of their significant utility in the socioeconomic sector and this offers an opportunity to India to use cooperation in space technologies as a powerful tool for engagement in Latin America.     

The development of a Russian communication satellite of small class, operating in the geostationary and high-elliptical orbits

In 1994-1995 Lavochkin Association (Russia) together with the other enterprises in accordance with technical requirements of the Russian Space agency, developed a new Russian communication satellite of a small class that will operate in both the geostationary (GSO) and high-elliptical (HEO) orbits. This satellite may be injected into operational orbits using a SOYUZ-2 launch vehicle (LV) and a FREGAT upper stage (US) from Plesetsk and Baykonur space launch sites (SLS).The main reason for creating such a satellite was to decrease the cost of the support and development of the Russian communication geostationary satellites group.Russian satellites Horizont, Express, Ekran and Gals, which operate in GSO, are the basis of the space segment for communications, radio and TV broadcasting. All of these satellites are injected into GSO by the PROTON LV. PROTON is a launch vehicle of a heavy class. The use of a middle class LV instead of a heavy class will allow to reduce considerably the launch cost. The change of a heavy class LV to a LV of middle class determined one economic reason for this project. Besides, the opportunity to launch S/C into GSO from Russian Plesetsk SLS increases the independence of Russia in the domain of space communications, despite the presence of the contract with Kazachstan about the rent of Baykonur SLS. Finally, use of small satellites with a rather small number of transponders is more effective than the use of big satellites. It will allow also to increase a satellite group (by the launch of additional satellites) precisely in accordance to the development of the ground segment.     

美国AEHF军事通信卫星推进系统及其在首发星上的应用

美国先进极高频（AEHF）项目将采用4颗运行于地球同步轨道（GEO）的AE—HF军事通信卫星。AEHF卫星的推进系统由远地点发动机、姿态控制发动机组和双模式霍尔电推进子系统组成。首发星AEHF-1是世界上首个采用霍尔电推进系统执行发射后轨道提升任夯的GEO卫星。AEHF-1卫星星箭分离后,远地点发动机未能正常工作,因此...     

Research and development of On-Board Processor for advanced mobile satellite communications

This paper describes the research and development of an On-Board Processor (OBP) for a mobile satellite communications system using a geostationaly satellite. The system, which based on Multi-Carrier Time Division Multiple Access, can realize high performance and facilitate the use of miniature hand-held mobile Earth terminals.

Our research and development results indicate as follows.

1. 1) The simultaneous-slot switching method will be the most suitable for an on-board base-band switching with consideration of traffic capacity, time delay, and hardware scale.

2. 2) The OBP performs channel exchange with regeneration that contributes to a reduction in the size of mobile terminals because of the coding gain.

3. 3) Many kinds of Application Specific Integrated Circuits are designed to realize large channel capacity and reduce the size and power consumption of the OBP. These OBP design can increase the channel capacity, which is equivalent to in 5.6kbps voice channel, up to over 500 channels within 5MHz frequency band

Some results are applied to the OBP being developed for the Japanese Engineering Test Satellite VII (ETS-VB).     

小卫星星座批产研制模式设计与实践

为适应低轨小卫星星座体系化应用需求,设计、实践出一套面向批产的小卫星研制模式。某批产小卫星星座通过整星仅一次合板即最终状态,产品交付即落焊,裁剪、简化环境试验,投产管路模板实现卫星结构装配与管路焊装并行实施,发射场带翼运输,全无线测试等批产创新策略,构建了小卫星批产体系,实现了年出厂20颗以上500 kg级小卫星的能力,为建设高密度小卫星星座奠定了基础。批产策略与方法均经实际验证,与传统小卫星研制相比,将批产星总装、集成与测试（AIT）周期由1年以上缩减为3个月以内,将发射场工作周期由35～50天缩减为20天,实现了快速研制、快速发射与快速在轨应用,有效促进了低轨小卫星星座高效规模化部署。     

“希望一号”卫星热平衡试验的误差分析

为研究卫星热平衡试验误差,建立“希望一号”卫星热试验的联合热数学模型,对热平衡试验进行模拟,并与理想状态进行比较,发现仪器试验温度值在低温工况中偏低13～20 ℃,高温工况中偏低11～17 ℃;高温工况中-Y舱板表面到达热流不均匀度高达27.3%。此外,分析了热试验中热沉的温度、表面发射率、与卫星的表面积比,支架的导热、辐射漏热,电缆的导热、辐射漏热,以及热流计温度测量误差对卫星温度场的影响。     

6G时代卫星算力网络发展思考

卫星已被广泛认为是6G网络的重要组成部分,卫星算力网络结合实时网络和计算资源状况,进行卫星计算节点间的任务调度,能够满足多样性业务的时延要求,实现在轨通信、处理、存储等资源的高效利用。首先,阐述卫星算力网络的概念内涵,对卫星通信网络的发展现状和趋势进行了总结;其次,从总体架构、硬件组成和软件架构三方面给出了卫星算力网络的设计考虑;最后,对卫星算力网络所面临的技术挑战进行总结,对卫星算力的发展进行了展望。     

基于在轨运行状态的卫星稳定性与可靠性研究

为解决卫星在轨运行故障率较高的问题,文章分析了卫星在轨运行的特点,定义了卫星在轨工作状态及其与系统稳定性变化的关系。研究表明:对在轨运行安全稳定状态进行控制,能使状态保持或向高级跃迁,可提升卫星稳态及可靠性。文章最后提出了提高卫星在轨运行稳定性与可靠性的在轨运行策略与技术方向。     

卫星总体可靠性安全性设计审查

为了确保卫星及其产品不带问题出厂、不带隐患上天,进行系统、全面的卫星可靠性安全性设计专项审查,从卫星总体层面去把握卫星各系统和单机的安全性、可靠性,找出影响卫星安全性和可靠性的问题和薄弱环节,并及时采取有效措施加以改造,对于卫星研制是十分必要和有效的手段。文章基于如何立足卫星总体层面进行可靠性、安全性设计审查提出了一套具体的思路及方法。     

Space activities in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

This paper summarizes the establishment and current development of space activities in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Space activities in Venezuela are focused on the areas of telecommunications, Earth observation and research on the physical properties of the Earth, and have as a primary goal the satisfaction of social needs. Current development of space activities started in 1999 when the new National Constitution recognized the value of outer space as the common heritage of mankind, and the key role of science and technology in promoting human welfare. The Bolivarian Agency for Space Activities (ABAE) was created in 2007. Its legal framework recognizes three key elements that drive its policy: the participation of society, capacity building and human training, and international cooperation. Indeed ongoing international cooperation with partners such as China, India, Brazil and Uruguay has already expanded Venezuelan space capabilities, allowing the country to launch its first telecommunications satellite, Venesat-1 in 2008, to plan the infrastructure development for the design of small satellites, and to train 1195 local professionals in space science, technology and applications. Our analysis shows that Venezuela has the potential to become a space leadership country, promoting the social welfare, integration, and sustainable development of Latin American countries.     

科技信息研究在科技发展战略研究中的作用探讨

科技信息研究是科技发展战略研究的基础,是科学决策的依据。文章归纳了科技信息研究中涉及的几个重要方面,包括科技信息研究在科技发展战略决策各环节中的作用、科技信息研究的选题检索、成果体现与评价的基本标准以及科技信息研究人员的素质要求等,得出了有关结论和启示。     

超宽带相控阵天线的发展现状及星载应用展望

面向卫星载荷小型化、集成化和多功能一体化的发展趋势,具有超宽带、高增益和波束灵活特性的天线是目前星载天线领域的研究热点,其可满足通信、干扰、侦察、探测等多种不同应用场景,具有十分迫切的需求。首先对不同形式的超宽带天线单元进行了归纳梳理,根据天线的机电特性和空间环境适应性情况,给出了星载应用选型建议;其次对不同的超宽带波束形成方式进行了阐述,重点分析了不同波束形成方式的优缺点及其在卫星平台上的适用性;总结了超宽带相控阵天线涉及到的关键技术,对主要的技术途径进行了介绍;最后对超宽带相控阵天线的星载应用技术发展提出了建议,可为我国后续开展星载超宽带相控阵天线的技术研究和工程应用提供参考。     

卫星总装工艺FMEA应用初步研究

为了进一步提高航天器装配的可靠性,适应航天快速发展的总装要求,文章根据卫星总装的具体特点,提出了一种针对卫星总装工艺的故障模式影响分析方法。这种基于卫星总装工艺的FMEA主要是将故障严酷度、故障发生度、可检测度、风险优序数、产品危害度等5个参数进行量化处理,从卫星分系统、结构舱段、专业测试、关键过程控制等方面展开具体分析,采用表格评估形式对总装过程中潜在失效模式进行量化处理,最终得到相应评估对象的可靠性指标,提出相应的故障预防措施,以达到提高总装工艺可靠性的目的。