自动车辆定位调度系统的研究

集群移动通信系统虽然具有话音通信调度能力但是缺乏用户定位导航能力,GPS(全球定位系统)虽然具有导航定位能力但是缺乏用户之间的通信能力.因此,如何将GPS与集群通信系统有机结合,取长补短,组成动态的自动车辆定位调度系统具有十分重要的意义.作者在研究Motolora智慧网的基础上,分析了实现自动车辆定位调度系统需要解决的几个技术难题:识辨和提取控制信令和话音信息,自动建立GPS数据链路以及信道负载平衡等,并给出了解决方案.实践结果已证明了这些方案是可行的.     

Contributions of the French Institut Géographique National (IGN) to the International DORIS Service

DORIS is one of the four geodetic space techniques participating to the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS). Since the early development of this system, the Institut Géographique National played a specific and active role. Within, the International DORIS Service (IDS), IGN is in a particular position. While it is responsible for the installation and the maintenance of the DORIS ground tracking stations, it also handles one of the two IDS data center delivering DORIS data and products and has been an IDS Analysis Center for years, providing all possible IDS products, in particular the latest ignwd08 time series in preparation of ITRF2008. This paper explains the different aspects of the IGN contribution to IDS from an historical point of view, presents current activities and scientific results and provides a perspective for future activities. Recent DORIS results show a 10 mm precision or better when more than four DORIS satellites are available. Comparisons between recent DORIS solutions (ign07d02 and ign09d02) and past ITRF realizations show that errors are shared between the DORIS and the ITRF realizations. Some problems related to DORIS data processing are also discussed and possible ways to solve them in the future are discussed. In particular, we can now reject the tropospheric origin of the problem detected in the Envisat data after the software upload of October 12, 2004. A few applications in geodesy (terrestrial reference frame, Earth’s polar motion) and geophysics are also discussed as a natural extension of these service-type activities.     

气象卫星遥感海面温度的资料处理方法

气象卫星遥感海面温度的资料处理关键环节是云检测(筛选晴空区)和大气削弱订正。目前卫星气象中心的卫星海面温度处理业务系统中,针对美国的NOAA 卫星是利用国际上普遍使用的红外窗区多通道法。对于中国发射的风云一号(FY-1)气象卫星,由于星载辐射计只有一个红外窗区通道能用于大气削弱订正,为此专门开发了单通道海面温度处理方法。文章介绍了两种方法的基本原理、算法和处理结果举例,并对两种方法的特点作了简要评价。     

基于多约束因子图优化的无人车定位与建图方法

针对目前在特定场景下应用的低速无人车定位系统极度依赖全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）,存在定位精度不高、漂移误差大、受环境影响严重等问题,提出一种低成本、高精度的无人车定位与建图方法。该方法基于三维激光定位与建图（SLAM）技术。首先,使用点云主成分分析（PCA）实现基于特征匹配的激光里程计;其次,将GNSS位置信息、点云分割聚类得到的地平面和点云聚类特征作为位姿约束分别加入图优化框架,消除激光里程计的累积误差;最后,得到最优位姿和大规模场景的点云地图,以实现无人车的自主定位导航。利用包含大型户外城市街道环境的KITTI数据集对所提出的SLAM算法进行了评估,结果表明:系统在3km运动距离情况下定位偏差可控制在1.5 m以下,在局部精度和全局一致性方面均优于其他里程计系统,为无人车的定位提供了新思路。      

Space weather in Japan

In Japan, Communications Research Laboratory engages in operational space environment information services as National Forecasting Center and Regional Warning Center of ISES. Data from local observations and data collected via internet from domestic and foreign institutes are used for the daily operational forecast. Fundamental research on space weather issues has been carried out at several institutes and universities, including STE Laboratory and NASDA. In this presentation, an overview of current space weather forecast operations and a system for information outreach in Japan will be presented. Current and future observation programs from ground-base and space will be also briefly reviewed.     

Vertical mass and moisture structure from TIROS-N

During the First Global GARP Experiment (FGGE), global determinations of mass and moisture were made from TIROS-N (and NOAA-6) infrared and microwave sounding radiance measurements. At NESS in Washington, the meteorological data were produced operationally with a horizontal resolution of 250 km for inclusion in the FGGE level II-b data sets intended for application to large scale numerical analysis and prediction models. High horizontal resolution (50 km) sounding data sets are being produced by NESS and the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin and at the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center for special case studies of the “Special Observing Periods” of FGGE.Results are presented to display the characteristics of the sounding data at different resolutions. For the low horizontal resolution data, an evaluation is shown by comparisons of global analyses made only from satellite soundings over land and sea, and those made operationally by the National Meteorological Center, which excluded satellite sounding data over continental areas, but included all conventional data sources. For the high horizontal resolution sounding data, results are presented to demonstrate the delineation of small scale temperature and moisture features which are consistent with the meteorological processes involved.     

Comparison of hindlimb unloading and partial weight suspension models for spaceflight-type condition induced effects on white blood cells

Animal models are frequently used to assist in the determination of the long- and short-term effects of space flight. The space environment, including microgravity, can impact many physiological and immunological system parameters. It has been found that ground based models of microgravity produce changes in white blood cell counts, which negatively affects immunologic function. As part of the Center of Acute Radiation Research (CARR), we compared the acute effects on white blood cell parameters induced by the more traditionally used animal model of hindlimb unloading (HU) with a recently developed reduced weightbearing analog known as partial weight suspension (PWS). Female ICR mice were either hindlimb unloaded or placed in the PWS system at 16% quadrupedal weightbearing for 4 h, 1, 2, 7 or 10 days, at which point complete blood counts were obtained. Control animals (jacketed and non-jacketed) were exposed to identical conditions without reduced weightbearing. Results indicate that significant changes in total white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte and eosinophil counts were observed within the first 2 days of exposure to each system. These differences in blood cell counts normalized by day 7 in both systems. The results of these studies indicate that there are some statistically significant changes observed in the blood cell counts for animals exposed to both the PWS and HU simulated microgravity systems.     

Performance and reliability of the NASA Biomass Production Chamber.

The Biomass Production Chamber (BPC) at the Kennedy Space Center is part of the Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) Breadboard Project. Plants are grown in a closed environment in an effort to quantify their contributions to the requirements for life support. Performance of this system is described. Also, in building this system, data from component and subsystem failures are being recorded. These data are used to identify problem areas in the design and implementation. The techniques used to measure the reliability will be useful in the design and construction of future CELSS. Possible methods for determining the reliability of a green plant, the primary component of a CELSS, are discussed.     

A balloon tracking system that uses the VHF omidirectional range (VOR) network

The VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR) system is a primary navigational aid to aircraft in the United States. Although the quantity of stations in the United States exceeds that of other areas, VOR stations are found all over the world. An inexpensive balloon navigational package that uses the existing VOR system has been developed. It employs the principle of triangulation between stations to yield position information. The station selection can be changed by telemetry command during the balloon flight in order to maximize triangulation accuracy and to minimize effects of weak signals. The VOR radials are part of the telemetry transmitted from the balloon package. Preliminary results from several flights in Palestine, Texas indicate that this system may be a viable backup or substitute for the OMEGA system commonly used. Typical accuracy of the down point prediction has been ± 1 mile.     

Athens Neutron Monitor Data Processing Center – ANMODAP Center

Cosmic ray measurements in Athens were initiated in November 2000 with a standard 6NM-64 neutron monitor. Within the last years an effort has been made in order to construct an effective database of neutron monitor (NM) and satellite data in real-time, regarding the necessities of space weather monitoring (Athens Neutron Monitor Data Processing Center – ANMODAP Center). The prospective goal of this network is to make possible the receiving of all data in real-time in close sequence from all servers around the globe. The graphical representation of all these data in real-time is available through the website of the station (http://cosray.phys.uoa.gr). Moreover, a second database that collects data with 1-min resolution operates in a parallel mode. The online services as a special ‘Alert’ algorithm for Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs) and some models created to analyze aspects of GLEs as the neutron monitor Basic Anisotropic Neutron Ground Level Enhancement (BANGLE) model and the Forbush Decreases (FORD) model as well, are presented. Moreover, a short account on work performed on the possible relationship between the geomagnetic activity level and the biological effects is given.     

火箭发动机推力测量的原位自动校准

研究了火箭发动机推力测量系统的原位校准问题。提出并建立了实现原位校准自动化的原理和方法。在建立和分析用于原位校准的加载系统的力学模型基础上,推导出了原位校准加载系统作用力的数学表达式,分析了影响作用力的因素,为原位校准中进行作用力的准确控制奠定了力学和数学基础。据此,运用自动控制理论提出并分析了实现加载系统工作自动化和数据采集自动化的方法,介绍了作者研制的实现原位校准自动化的装置工作的原理及其应用。提出和论述的原位自动校准方法与装置适用于所有喷气动力发动机推力测量的原位校准。     

An analysis on combined GPS/COMPASS data quality and its effect on single point positioning accuracy under different observing conditions

With the rapid development of the COMPASS system, it is currently capable of providing regional navigation services. In order to test its data quality and performance for single point positioning (SPP), experiments have been conducted under different observing conditions including open sky, under trees, nearby a glass wall, nearby a large area of water, under high-voltage lines and under a signal transmitting tower. To assess the COMPASS data quality, the code multipath, cycle slip occurrence rate and data availability were analyzed and compared to GPS data. The datasets obtained from the experiments have also been utilized to perform combined GPS/COMPASS SPP on an epoch-by-epoch basis using unsmoothed single-frequency code observations. The investigation on the regional navigation performance aims at low-accuracy applications and all tests are made in Changsha, China, using the “SOUTH S82-C” GPS/COMPASS receivers. The results show that adding COMPASS observations can significantly improve the positioning accuracy of single-frequency GPS-only SPP in environments with limited satellite visibility. Since the COMPASS system is still in an initial operational stage, all results are obtained based on a fairly limited amount of data.     

The automatic detection of geomagnetic-storm sudden commencements

Storm Sudden Commencements (SSCs) are sharp offsets in the global geomagnetic field H component which accompany some geomagnetic storms. SSC signatures, which are a strong function of geographic location and local time, are usually explained as the result of magnetospheric and ionospheric responses to a compression caused by propagating discontinuities in the solar wind. The Space Environment Services Center (SESC) in Boulder, Colorado, has recently instituted an SSC ‘alarm’ to alert both forecasters and customers of potential geomagnetic storm conditions. The present software design looks for rapid change, coincidental within one minute, in the H-components among any two of the three magnetometers received in real-time at the SESC. These are the Boulder magnetometer, and the magnetometers on board the GOES geosynchronous satellites located at 75° and 135° West Longitude. The results are not yet satisfactory and offer some clues toward a better understanding of the physics of SSCs.     

U.S. FGGE special data sets and special effort

Three topics are considered, all resulting from the desire to maximize the utilization and overall quality of the FGGE data sets.First, the production of Level III-b oceanographic and meteorological analyses in the FGGE format has been undertaken by the Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center. The oceanographic data, in particular the sub-surface oceanographic data, is a unique addition to the FGGE data base.Next, the FGGE Level II-b data set is the most comprehensive set of synoptic-scale meteorological data ever assembled to date. Under development is a program aimed at compacting and restructuring the Level II-b data according to observing systems, so that the data will be more readily usable and more economical for users interested in smaller and/or different portions of the total FGGE Level II-b data set.Lastly, as a result of the United States pre-FGGE Data Systems Tests, a need was indicated for a special effort to edit and enhance satellite soundings and cloud motion wind data during FGGE. A formal program to carry out such an effort has been established jointly by NASA, NOAA, and the University of Wisconsin.     

Active learning for advanced students: The Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling graduate summer school

In recent years there has been considerable research in undergraduate physics education regarding the application to classroom instruction of techniques that are generally referred to as active engagement techniques. However, in very few cases have such pedagogical strategies been applied to graduate-level instruction. In this paper we describe an innovative application of a variety of active engagement techniques at the graduate summer school conducted by the Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling, a Science and Technology Center funded by the National Science Foundation. We believe that the model presented here can serve as a valuable guide to other group contemplating space physics education at all levels, as well as graduate education generally.     

A global HF telecommand system for long duration balloon flights

An HF telecommand system for the control of long duration balloon flights at any point on the globe is described. The system proposed consists of a network of low-power transmitters operating at the same carrier frequency. The choice of transmitter frequency, power and location are presented. Control of the transmitters may be performed remotely by means of the public switched telephone network; an assessment of the error-rate in the system as a whole is given.     

Satellite data as a basis for planning studies of infrastructure and related rural development in Atacora Province,Benin, West Africa

Landsat satellite data has been used to provide information for integrated land resources, agriculture and rural access road planning in Atacora Province, Benin, to ensure that correct decisions are made on the location of feeder roads and best use is made of the terrain. A significant aspect of the interpretation programme involved using a method of terrain evaluation and land classification to provide a framework for planning and assessing all subsequent development projects and highway engineering activities within the Province. Use of this terrain classification, in conjunction with further sequential satellite coverage, is considered as a basis for monitoring and subsequently analysing the rleationship between feeder road construction and induced benefits within the rural agricultural development sector, and for the establishment of a system of data storage. The value of a data storage system is evaluated as a means of preventing wasteful repetition of survey effort and facilitating the transfer of relevant data on rural development to similar areas within Benin and throughout West Africa.     

Seasonal variation of surface refractivity over Nigeria

The seasonal variation of surface refractivity over Nigeria was studied using two years in-situ meteorological data from eight locations over Nigeria. The result shows that the surface refractivity generally has higher value during rainy season than dry season at all location studied. The results also show that the value of surface refractivity increases from arid region in the north to the coastal area in south. The results also show that local meteorology plays a very important role in refractivity variation.     

翼型周线布线性涡的有限基本解法

在翼型周界线上布线性变强度分布涡,在一定边界条件下建立求解涡强度的线性方程组。经过试探,确定了比较合适的控制点位置。为满足库塔条件而令后缘处涡强度为零,但导致了方程组的矛盾性。采用最小二乘法求解矛盾方程组,可获得误差最小的唯一解。本方法简便,易于应用。计算结果与试验值或精确解相比,有良好的准确性,可用于一般工程计算。     

提高NLOS环境下定位精度的TOA数据处理方法

基于移动通信环境中非视距NLOS(Non-Line of Sight)传播时延扩展服从指数分布的特性,提出了提高波达时间TOA(Time of Arrival)定位方法精度的一种数据处理方法.该方法首先对TOA测量数据进行分析,从中剔除明显不合理、对定位精度没有贡献、甚至会增加定位误差的测量值,保留误差最小的3个,然后采用最小二乘LS(Least Squares)法对移动台坐标进行估计.仿真数据表明,该数据处理方法不但能够有效提高NLOS传播环境下TOA定位方法的精度,并对视距LOS(Line of Sight)传播条件下的定位精度影响不大,具有较好的环境适应能力.