绳系卫星系统复杂模型研究

对绳系卫星系统提出一种仿真度更高的动力学模型，着重研究状态保持阶段的子星的振荡与姿态运动。主星设为质点，与系统质心相合，作圆轨道运动；子星取为三维刚体，系绳采用株式模型。除绳系统动能、引力位能及系绳弹性势能外，还考虑了系绳的结构阻尼，以及由系绳外皮包引起的弯曲力矩与扭转力矩。计算机辅助推导参与模拟计算程序设计。     

Qualification and in-flight demonstration of a European tether deployment system on YES2

This paper highlights the design, qualification and mission performance of the tether deployer system on the second Young Engineers’ Satellite (YES2), that featured a tethered momentum transfer. The deployer is designed with a broad range of near-term tether applications in mind. The system contains the tether, including features to enhance safety and wound up in controlled manner onto a spool core, optical deployment sensors, a “barberpole” friction brake controlled by a stepper motor and a triple tether cutter system. To initiate the deployment a spring-based ejection system was developed, and to apply accurate momentum transfer a timer and release system is present on the subsatellite side. A small, 6 kg re-entry capsule was developed as subsatellite. On September 25th, 2007, YES2 deployed a 32 km tether in orbit and gathered a wealth of data. Confidence is gained from the mission results for use of the deployer in future missions.     

A new facility for fluid sciences: The liquid structure facility

The Liquid Structure Facility (LSF) is presently under development under ESA contract. It will be able to perform a wide range of fluid science experiments taking use of the determination of the velocity, temperature, concentration fields and the interface shape deformation. This facility will be activated by telecommands and/or manually by the crew. The key points of the LSF are the different diagnostic configuration capabilities, the modularity of the facility, and the accuracy of the control at the boundary conditions (and thus of the stimuli). The LSF is structured around four different modules:

• —the cell module which is exchangeable and is dedicated to an experiment or to a group of experiments, it allows to achieve a high accuracy level for the boundary conditions

• —the temperature control module using a liquid cooling loop which can impose a good thermal stability to the cell module

• —the diagnostic module

• —the electronic and data handling module.

The capabilities of the facility are described in terms of stimuli and diagnostic performances.     

绳系卫星安全捕获策略下的释放最优控制

安全捕获是绳系卫星系统空间应用的一个重要拓展。考虑系绳质量、系统质心变化及状态、控制约束,采用基于Lagrange方程的圆轨道条件下空间绳系网捕系统三维动力学模型。建立了安全捕获模型,推导得到零相对速度条件下的安全捕获末端条件。为保证方法的适用性,将基于Legendre伪谱法的连续时间最优控制问题离散为标准的非线性动态规划问题。最后在考虑释放控制前初始面外角偏差为5°的情况下,通过数值仿真验证了方法的有效性。仿真结果表明：对于远距离释放条件下的安全捕获,系统质心变化不容忽视;最小能量与绳长加速度约束下的控制响应相比最小时间与面内角约束要更平滑。     

Effect of variable solid phase thermal properties on propellant combustion

Mathematical models derived for describing the combustion of solid rocket propellants have in the past assumed that the thermal properties, specific heat, and thermal conductivity are constant throughout the solid phase portion of the combustion zone. The values for specific heat and thermal conductivity can vary as much as 50–100 percent for the temperatures in the solid phase combustion wave, values from about 250 to 1100 K. Thus, the variation in solid phase properties due to the temperature variation in the solid phase have significant effects on the burning rate, the temperature sensitivity and the pressure coupled response. The paper is concerned with predicting the effect of the variable solid phase properties on the combustion properties. Parametric calculations were made to illustrate the effect of the magnitude of the variation of solid phase properties with temperature. The results indicate that significant differences exist between the values for the combustion parameters calculated using variable thermal properties as compared to those calculated using constant thermal properties.     

紫外成像光谱仪主动热控系统的设计与实现

为了确保紫外临边成像光谱仪的温度水平和温度梯度满足指标要求,分析了其所处空间环境并结合其光机电的特点,设计了整机的主动热控方案和被动热控方案。首先,总结了成像光谱仪热设计的基本原则,介绍了主动热控方案和被动热控方案。接着,利用最坏情况分析法分析了主动热控系统测温电路的测温精度。然后,根据主动热控方案的要求,对主动热控系统的硬件和热控策略进行了设计和实现。最后,规划了主动热控系统的验证试验,并对主动热控系统进行了试验验证。分析和实验结果表明：主动热控系统的测温精度满足≤±0.5℃的指标要求,主动热控系统能够保证紫外临边光谱仪13℃～18℃以及紫外环形成像仪8℃～18℃的温度水平要求,主动热控方案合理、可行,满足高可靠性的要求。     

导热脂低温热导率的测试研究

导热脂的低温热导率是研究宇航用导热脂的重要参数,“瞬态热线法”是常用的测量方法之一,但受使用条件限制,实际应用中容易产生较大误差。本文提出采用改进的“瞬态热线法”即对标准流体与试样进行测量比对的方法,用于导热脂低温热导率的测量,减小了测试方法的系统误差,因而保证了测量的相对误差小于6％。在测量装置上,采用廉价的康铜丝取代了传统使用的铂丝,设计采用了容易进行拆洗的低温试验装置。文章讨论了影响导热脂低温热导率的因素。提出测量加热时间要在2 s～3 s之内以防止对流,分析了比对状态的误差影响,并给出了两种导热脂低温热导率与温度关系曲线。分析表明本文提出的试验方法可以满足宇航用导热脂研究的需求
     

小卫星最佳温度动态范围热控设计方法研究

为探索低热惯性小卫星动态传热下的热控设计方法,首先建立双层集总参数模型,在得到温度时均量解析解的基础上,类比阻尼振荡系统,采用傅里叶变换法求解温度波动量解析解,从而建立周期变化外热流下温度动态变化与热控参数间的解析关系。以此为基础提出“最佳温度动态范围”热控设计新方法。对某型微小卫星进行“最佳温度动态范围”热控设计,并通过其在轨温度遥测量动态变化对该方法的准确性和可行性进行验证。     

On the deployment dynamics of tether connected two-body systems

A general formulation of the deployment dynamics of tether connected two-body systems taking into account the three dimensional librational motion, longitudinal and transverse vibrations of the continuous tether, eccentricity of the orbit and aerodynamic drag in a rotating, oblate atmosphere, is presented. Three simple deployment procedures (uniform, exponential and their combination) are considered. In the beginning analytical solutions are obtained for the degenerate case of negligible vibrations in a circular orbit, which help in establishing trends for the more general situation. This is followed by the general dynamics of the system investigated through integration of the linearized autonomous equations of motion numerically. Typical plots are presented which describe the effects of various system parameters on the tether dynamics during deployment of a subsatellite from the Space Shuttle.     

无载荷舱航空相机的热控设计与试验验证

为保证航空相机在平流层空间热环境下稳定运行,对无载荷舱的航空相机进行热设计和验证.基于20 km海拔高度下相机外部的对流及辐射环境特点,采用一维对称平板测试法确定选取多层隔热组件作为相机蒙皮材料,选取聚氨酯泡沫作为隔热填充材料.对载荷相机进行热控系统设计,并利用有限元软件分析极端工况下相机的温度场分布,最终设计热控总功...     

幅值锁定型超流体陀螺模糊自抗扰控制系统设计

针对幅值锁定型超流体陀螺中热相位注入存在的温升延迟和热噪声影响陀螺系统测量精度和稳定性的问题,提出一种基于模糊自抗扰的超流体陀螺控制系统设计方法。首先建立超流体陀螺的数学模型;分析热相位注入引入的温升延迟和未知热噪声对系统敏感精度和稳定性的影响机理。在此基础上,设计集微分跟踪器、扩张状态观测和非线性反馈控制律于一体的自抗扰控制器,并进一步采用模糊推理实现非线性组合的比例和微分系数的自适应调整。最后利用Maltlab/Simulink进行仿真校验。仿真结果表明：该控制方法能够抑制未知噪声和温升延迟对系统的影响,对工作点实现良好的锁定,有效地提高了陀螺系统的测量精度和稳定性。     

STP热光伏发电的方案设计与性能分析

结合STP (Solar thermal Propulsion)高温吸热芯的技术特点,采用二次分光膜,对STP热辐射光伏发电(TPV)系统进行了结构设计和性能计算。通过优化分析,得到使太阳电池工作温度在额定值附近的氢冷却剂入口参数和通道尺寸数据。计算结果表明,当吸热芯温度为2400K时,光伏电池组件的输出功率在50~100W之间;通过调节电池组件的串并联电池数量,可以获得期望的输出特性。结论为STP的热光伏发电系统的设计研究提供参考依据。
     

感温蜡温控阀对航天器热控系统动态性能的影响

为了提高航天器热控系统的控温适应能力,提出了一种基于感温蜡温控阀的单相流体回路热控方法,利用感温蜡温控阀的全自动流量、温度比例调节特性实现温度控制。通过集总参数法建立感温蜡温控阀、热源载荷和空间辐射器等部件的数学模型,运用数值仿真方法分析该热控系统的温度动态特性。仿真结果表明,感温蜡温控阀的布局方式,以及感温蜡熔程、时间常数和温度延迟等热特性对单相流体回路热控系统温度动态性能有显著的影响,对基于感温蜡温控阀的单相流体回路优化设计提供了理论依据。     

An ultra stable optical bench for the magnetic survey satellite

An optical bench has been designed and built that must hold the alignment of five optical elements to deflections of 1–2 arc s during orbital operation. In addition, it must suffer no alignment changes during the launch and prestabilization phase of the mission. Severe weight constraints, in conjunction with the thermal and structural requirements, led to the choice of graphite fiber reinforced epoxy egg crate core and face sheets for the bench construction. Active temperature control was necessary to meet thermal deflection objectives, and novel kinematic mountings were required to prevent spacecraft bending from deflecting the bench. The structural and thermal analyses both show that the mission objectives can be met with margin by the present design. No adverse effects from launch are expected, and the maximum thermal bending is expected to be less than 2 arc s.     

绳系卫星系统的运动与控制

绳系卫星系统的运动与控制分析,是绳系卫星应用的基础。本文的数学模型考虑了作用在子星、主星及系绳上的空气阻力以及在伸展与收回阶段主星与系绳之间的质量传递,给出了相应的具体的计算式。应用该数学模型,本文对现有的几种主要控制法,进行了模拟计算,作出评审意见。     

The Role of Wave–Particle Interactions in the Dynamics of Plasma in the Polar Cusp

This paper presents a review of observations of low-frequency plasma waves together with plasma particles performed by Interball 1 and its subsatellite Magion 4 and by the Freja satellite in different cusp regions. The detailed study of the wave spectra together with the electron distribution functions indicates the correlation between the presence of lower-hybrid waves and of particles with energies higher than in the surrounding space. These experimental facts suggest that strong coupling between waves and particles is responsible for plasma heating. The Freja data with a high time resolution allow identification of the process of energy transport via a cascade from low frequency waves to high frequency waves accompanied by electron energization.     

大型空间展开机构常压高低温环境模拟试验系统研制

为各类大型空间展开机构地面可靠性验证试验提供高低温环境,研制了一种常压高低温环境模拟试验系统。该系统的保温箱体结构采用内、外框架的结构形式,内、外框架之间的连接采用绝热玻璃纤维增强复合塑料杆,其目的是:在进行大温差高低温交变环境试验时,有助于结构的热边界条件稳定;合理的气流组织布局设计有助于内部高低温环境的快速建立,使温度分布更加均匀;冷热源供给系统可稳定地提供高低温环境建立所需冷量及热量;干燥氮气置换系统可实现高低温环境下的超低露点温度;基于PLC的测控系统对试验系统进行高精度测量及控制。试验表明,此大型空间展开机构常压高低温环境模拟试验系统能满足型号产品试验过程中对温度范围、变温速率、温度场均匀性及露点温度的要求。     

基于三轴磁强计与雷达高度计的融合导航算法

为了减小近地轨道(小于1000km)地磁导航的估计误差协方差，提高导航的可靠性和准确性，在地磁导航系统中引入雷达高度计作为一个新的测量设备，提出了一种基于三轴磁强计与雷达高度计的融合导航算法。该算法取卫星的位置和速度向量作为状态向量，建立状态方程；取卫星周围的磁场强度和卫星到星下点实际海平面距离求出的地心距，作为观测量建立观测方程；利用扩展卡尔曼滤波构成一种融合导航算法。仿真结果表明，提出的融合导航算法对轨道位置的估计误差小于20米，速度的估计误差小于1米／秒，导航算法的精度和收敛性都优于使用单一地磁导航的系统。     

航天器温度数字测量系统的多机通信

温度测量是真空热试验中一个重要的测量项目,数字测量技术是适应真空热试验温度测量需求多样性的一项新的应用技术,而实现多机通信则是数字测量系统的关键技术之一。文章建立了具有多种多机通信模式的真空热试验航天器温度数字测量系统,阐述了不同多机通信模式的通信原理与协议,介绍了利用上位机管理软件VB6.0实现串行通信以及对温度数据进行管理的方法。