钛合金齿轮LPES法表面强化的电场与流场

针对TC4钛合金齿轮复杂曲面液相等离子体电解渗透(LPES)表面强化放电困难的问题,基于仿真分析和实验验证的方法,建立了齿轮表面强化系统仿真模型,进行了强化系统电场和流场仿真,确定了齿轮复杂表面放电机理,研究了电极系统参数和入口流速对强化层形成的影响。结果表明:齿轮复杂表面放电困难的根本原因在于电场的分布不均。采用啮合形阳极时的电场和强化层均匀性较好。电极距离过小容易造成强化系统的短路,过大时会降低强化层的均匀性和厚度。合理的系统电解液流速对放电的稳定性和强化层的形成均具有重要的意义。相较于未处理时的基体,强化后的齿轮表面耐磨性有了明显提升。     

Ti6Al4V合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜的组织结构研究

采用微弧氧化技术在钛合金表面成功制备出膜厚约100μm的致密陶瓷膜以提高钛合金的耐磨性.SEM结果表明,陶瓷膜完整连续,与基体呈犬牙状牢固结合.XRD衍射结果表明:陶瓷膜主要由金红石型二氧化钛和Al2TiO4晶体相组成.显微硬度结果表明钛合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜的显微硬度为862HV而基体合金硬度仅为412HV,陶瓷膜的硬度远远高于基体合金的显微硬度.摩擦磨损试验表明,镀膜的钛合金磨损量远小于不镀膜钛合金的磨损量,陶瓷膜能提高基体的摩擦磨损性能.     

TC4钛合金表面激光原位反应制备TiN涂层及性能研究

利用激光原位反应技术在TC4钛合金表面制备了无裂纹、组织均匀致密的TiN涂层,并分析了激光氮化层的显微组织、成分和物相,测试了涂层横截面显微硬度、涂层耐磨性能及抗SiO_2颗粒高速冲蚀的能力。结果表明:在适当的激光参数下制备的氮化钛涂层与TC4基体之间呈现良好的冶金结合,其界面结合强度为240～270MPa;涂层主要为硬质TiN相,涂层硬度高达1550HV_(0.1),约为基材的4.5倍;涂层磨损失重量是TC4钛合金的14.7%;在60o冲蚀角度下,基材的冲蚀质量损失为涂层的2倍。     

激光冲击对TC11钛合金组织和力学性能的影响

对TC11钛合金进行激光冲击强化处理,通过透射电子显微镜观察不同参数下TC11钛合金的微观组织变化,用显微硬度计和X射线应力测试仪分别测试材料表层硬度和残余应力,并通过TC11钛合金标准疲劳试片高周振动疲劳试验验证激光冲击对其疲劳性能的影响.试验结果表明:激光冲击波作用后表面组织结构发生明显变化,当冲击次数增加,先后出现了高密度位错、位错胞和纳米级晶粒等微观组织特征.冲击10次后,表面残余应力最高达到-632.5MPa,相应的塑性变形层深度达到1500μm左右;同时表面硬度在冲击1次即可提高19%,硬度影响深度为700μm,随着次数增加而提高,但幅度不大.经3次冲击处理的TC11钛合金标准疲劳试片的疲劳极限由原始483MPa提高到593MPa.      

钛合金基体激光熔覆WC/TC18复合涂层滚动接触疲劳性能研究

为了提高钛合金的滚动接触疲劳性能,以碳化钨(WC)/钛合金(TC18)混合粉末为原料,利用激光熔覆技术在TC18基材表面制备了耐磨涂层,分析了涂层的显微组织和显微硬度,在室温条件下测试了涂层的接触疲劳性能.结果表明,涂层与基体冶金结合良好,WC颗粒呈不规则块状均匀分布于β-Ti基体中,WC显微硬度在2122～2271H...     

激光快速制备Tix Aly-TiN复合涂层

采用激光气体氮化与同步送粉相结合的工艺方法,在Ti-6Al-4V合金表面原位合成了Tix Aly-TiN复合涂层。通过XRD,SEM,OM,EDS,显微硬度测试等手段研究了该复合涂层的物相组成、显微组织、元素分布及显微硬度。结果表明：涂层主要由TiN和Tix Aly 金属间化合物组成;沿激光熔深方向TiN含量下降;Tix Aly 金属间化合物含量上升;涂层无裂纹和孔隙,厚度较均匀,涂层与基体间形成良好的冶金结合;沿激光熔深方向N、Al元素的分布均匀;涂层显微硬度得到显著提高,且从涂层到基体逐渐降低。     

TC4钛合金冷却过程中组织变化分析

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和 HV -50A 维氏硬度分析仪研究了 TC4钛合金自β相区冷却过程中相组成及微观组织变化。结果表明,TC4钛合金冷却过程中发生β→α相变。冷却速率越小,形成α相片层越厚。TC4钛合金经1000℃固溶后,冷却到850~800℃水冷时,析出α相均匀细小,试样硬度出现峰值。随着冷却温度继续降低,试样硬度开始下降。TC4钛合金固溶后在冷却过程中的硬度变化,很可能还与 Ti2AlV（O）相和 Ti2AlV 相的析出、长大有关。     

电子束快速成形TC18钛合金的显微组织与硬度的关系

研究了电子束快速成形TC18钛合金(简称KTC 18)3种典型退火制度下显微组织演化规律及与显微硬度的关系.结果表明,在700～830℃单一退火条件下,合金相组成为初生α相与亚稳β相,随着温度升高,初生α相体积分数减少,基体显微硬度变化较小;在双重退火条件下,500～650℃之间低温退火过程中会析出细小、编织排列的条状α相,可显著提高基体硬度,随着低温退火温度升高,α析出相粗化且数量变少,导致基体硬度降低;三重退火条件下,高温炉冷和中温退火过程中会产生粗大的竹叶状一次α相,其数量随中温退火温度升高而减少,对显微硬度影响较小.低温退火析出的细小、弥散α相对KTC 18显微硬度影响最大,其数量和尺寸取决于其他类型α相的数量和低温退火制度.     

喷丸强化对TC17钛合金表面完整性及疲劳寿命的影响

研究了喷丸强化对TC17钛合金表面完整性及疲劳寿命的影响。采用表面粗糙度仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线残余应力测试仪、显微硬度计等分析了弹丸种类和喷丸强度对表面粗糙度、残余应力场、显微硬度场和微观组织的影响;在旋转弯曲疲劳试验机上测试了喷丸强化后的疲劳寿命,探讨了表面完整性与疲劳寿命的内在联系及作用机制。结果表明:喷丸强化后TC17钛合金表面粗糙度为0.5~1.0μm,残余压应力层为100μm左右,最大残余压应力位于表面下30μm处,表面出现加工硬化,晶粒发生了压缩变形;与未喷丸试样相比,玻璃丸对疲劳寿命的提升幅度最大,陶瓷丸次之,铸钢丸最小。喷丸强化提高疲劳寿命的机制归结于引入较深的残余应力层、较高的表面硬化程度和表层晶粒的细化。     

Ti-6Al-4V合金表面激光制备高温耐蚀涂层的研究

以在Ti-6Al-4V合金表面激光制备高温耐蚀涂层为目标,研究了以激光熔覆的方法在Ti-6Al-4V合金基体上合成制备钛铝化物基原位自生TiC颗粒增强的复合材料涂层以及钛-钼系耐蚀钛合金涂层,采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计等分析了两种涂层的形貌、显微组织、相组成、显微硬度分布等特征.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.