船用多级轴流压气机低工况扩稳优化研究—“航海专刊”

对某型船用九级轴流压气机，为了探讨减少可转导叶列数的可行性，并提升低工况喘振裕度，本文通过数值模拟方法研究通流布局优化对压气机低工况稳定性的影响。通过特性分析和详细流场分析，结论表明，一维关键参数选取对最佳可转导叶控制策略影响较大，本文优化部分级关键参数，不仅减少了可转导叶列数，而且提升了低转速下的喘振裕度，在75%转速下喘振裕度提升了2.27%，在70%转速下喘振裕度提升了3.3%。     

多级轴流压气机多排可转导/静叶联合调节规律研究

为了减少多级轴流压气机多排可转导/静叶联合调节对实验的依赖,利用Isight软件、HARIKA算法以及部分自编接口程序搭建可转导/静叶联合调节方案的优化设计平台。通过结合压气机原特性给定目标喘振边界并量化当前喘振边界与目标喘振边界的距离作为目标函数,从而便于快速获取压气机不同转速下多排可转导/静叶安装角的调节角度,实现压气机可转导/静叶的无级调节。并将此优化平台应用于八级轴流压气机,发现可转导/静叶的调节能力受限于调节级数,需仔细考虑所需的调节级数以达到预期的调节目标。优化后压气机非设计转速的喘振边界向左上方移动,如Case 2中70%转速时近失速点流量减小了17.94%,近失速点压比增加了4.93%,压气机的低工况稳定性得到改善。利用三维软件计算优化后的压气机特性,证明了此优化平台的可行性和有效性。     

高超声速涡轮发动机多级压气机性能优化

为了满足某高超声速涡轮发动机巡航工况（Ma=3.2）性能要求,在某8级轴流压气机方案基础上,针对压气机在该工况 对应转速（相对换算转速0.748）下流通能力不足问题进行设计优化。通过创建多级压气机1维分析设计平台,采用试验设计方法 分析并确定了对压气机低转速性能影响较大的关键参数,基于模拟退火寻优算法完成对多级压气机气动布局的重构;通过采用宽 范围低损失多段圆弧中弧线设计、高流通转子叶型设计、低转速可调静子安装角优化及各级攻角匹配优化等措施,完成了8级压 气机方案的改进设计。结果表明：在巡航工况（Ma=3.2）下,8级压气机效率和喘振裕度分别提高了 0.7%和 17.4%,验证了多级压 气机设计优化方法的有效性,可为高超声速涡轮发动机压缩部件设计和研究提供参考。     

商用发动机10级高压压气机一维特性优化设计

采用HARIKA算法对某商用发动机10级高压压气机进行了一维特性预测.引入遗传算法优化设计手段,以压气机一维设计参数为优化变量,设计转速下特性线的峰值效率、裕度为优化目标函数.与初始特性线相比,压气机在优化后设计转速时特性线的峰值效率提高了12.3%,裕度由11.7%提高到25.13%.对变几何压气机特性进行了优化分析,给出不同换算转速下进口导叶及前3级静子叶片安装角的最佳调节规律.优化后的压气机在非设计转速下的效率特性得到了大幅提升,压比特性得到了提高,流通能力也得到了加强.将压气机一维优化的特性线与采用一维优化设计参数得到的全三维计算结果在1.0,0.9倍换算转速下进行了对比,两者预测出的喘振边界在最大偏差处不超过6.25%.      

雷诺数对高负荷轴流压气机性能及稳定性影响的试验研究

试验研究了雷诺数对多级高负荷轴流压气机性能的影响,获取了该型压气机在不同雷诺数条件下性能和稳定性的衰退情况,并用试验结果对Wassell的雷诺数对压气机性能影响修正方法进行了对比验证。结果表明,雷诺数对该型压气机性能的影响随压气机工作工况变化而有所不同,在设计转速同一单位功率下,雷诺数由4.7×10⁵降低至1.6×10⁵时,流量减小了5.6%,效率降低了3.8%,压比减小了4.8%,综合裕度衰减了5.0%。Wassell方法给出的雷诺数对压气机流量、效率和喘点压比各参数的经验计算方法趋势正确,然而由于缺乏相关系数和参考值,需要结合低雷诺数试验结果方可进行。雷诺数对压气机喘振过程有所影响,相较于常规雷诺数工况,低雷诺数条件下喘振后各参数无论是变化量还是退出喘振恢复正常所用时间均有较大差异,且进口容腔效应对压气机进口压力变化的影响更为明显,从而导致低雷诺数条件下试验退喘风险增加。     

旋转进气畸变对轴流压气机气动稳定性影响实验研究

利用RB-1995级高压压气机,实验研究了进口旋转总压畸变对其性能和气动稳定性的影响,获得了总压畸变的旋转频率对高压压气机喘振裕度损失的影响结果。结果表明:正转时,减少了压气机的喘振裕度,并且存在2个危险频率,出现损失峰值;反转时,对喘振裕度影响较小,甚至提高了压气机的喘振裕度。      

轴流离心组合压气机性能及流场分析

以某轴流、离心组合式压气机为研究对象,采用数值模拟方法研究了不同转速典型工作状态下该压气机的性能和流场细微结构,为进一步提高压气机的压比、效率,扩大压气机的稳定工作裕度,对压气机进口导流叶片和第一级静子叶片安装角进行优化调节,对改进后压气机的典型工况进行了数值模拟,并进行了相应的试验研究。研究结果表明优化后压气机稳定工作范围增大,在90%设计转速和最大压比不变的情况下,最高效率提升1.05%,典型工况下流场结构也有不同程度的改善。     

转角优化程序在低压比轴流压气机上的应用

用可变容差多面体法和流线曲率法,编制了轴流压气机进口导叶可调静叶转角优化程序。将程序应用于一台三级轴流压气机,以效率尽可能高为目标,或同时加上喘振裕度不低于规定值的条件,优化不同转速进口导叶安装角和第一,二级静叶安装角,改善各转速下的级间匹配,使效率提高。应用这个程序能初步确定可调叶片的调节方案。     

某3级风扇试验流场诊断及性能优化

压气机试验是检验压气机设计是否达标的重要过程,并可在原设计基础上进行优化来发掘设计的潜能。利用级间总压和壁面静压在某3级风扇第1阶段试验对级间流场进行了详细测量和级性能诊断,提出了静叶角度优化方案;通过第2阶段试验,得出了角度优化后使设计转速喘振裕度提高了7.5个百分点,达到了设计指标的结论。流场诊断技术在压气机试验中起到了关键作用。结果表明:壁面静压结合级间径向总压测量方法基本能够满足在压气机试验中性能优化的需要。     

高速涡轮发动机压缩部件低雷诺数影响研究

为了分析马赫数3.0量级高速涡轮发动机在高空22.5 km范围内,雷诺数变化对多级压气机气动性能的影响,采用Wassell特性修正与经验曲线拟合的方法,评估了低雷诺数条件压气机工作点效率、压比、流量的变化。利用S1计算程序分析了低雷诺数条件下基元叶型的流动特征,探讨了减小雷诺数影响的叶型设计规律。通过加入转捩模型的3维仿真模拟了地面和高空典型工况的气动特性,分析了低雷诺数对多级压气机稳定性的影响。结果表明：压气机在高空18.5 km和22.5 km喘振裕度相比地面条件下分别减小了5.61%和8.12%。综合对比仿真法和经验法对多级压气机性能预测结果,认为仿真法考虑了多效压气机在低雷诺数条件下级间匹配变化的影响,更适用于对压气机高空全转速特性的预测。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.