民用航空发动机结冰审定

结冰试验是民用航空发动机型号取证过程中的重要试验之一,也是表明满足我国民用航空规章第33部《航空发动机适航标准》中结冰条款要求必要的符合性方法。本文介绍了民用航空发动机的结冰审定过程,以指导国内工业界顺利完成相应的适航取证工作。     

民用航空涡扇发动机进气系统结冰高空模拟试验技术要求研究

高空模拟试验是民用航空发动机适航取证的符合性验证手段之一。基于中国民航规章CCAR-33部33.68条款“进气系统结冰”的要求，对进气系统结冰高空模拟试验验证开展研究，以表明符合性。本文提出了进气系统的结冰试验点的选取方法、分析了试验的流程、明确了试验结果评估方法，并针对试验设备提出了高空舱、测试装置和试验设备配备要求，介绍了典型符合性验证案例。本研究可为国内民用航空发动机开展进气系统结冰适航符合性验证工作提供技术支持。     

民用航空涡轮发动机控制系统电源适航符合性方法研究

针对现行有效的航空涡轮发动机控制系统的电源适航要求,开展了符合性研究。通过研究国内外控制系统电源的适航符合性资料,结合型号审定经验,提出了发动机控制系统电源的适航符合性方法。给出了涡轮航空发动机控制系统电源适航条款的实质性要求,识别了相关的适航符合性工作,包括架构设计、安全性评估、飞机电源品质识别、专用电源能力验证、系统电源能力验证、整机电源故障验证、安装声明。针对每一项符合性工作说明了具体的符合性活动,并概括了相关的符合性要点。在国内某型涡扇、涡轴取证发动机上开展了该策略的应用,证明了符合性策略正确可行。     

民用飞机型号合格审定计划的制定方法

在民用飞机型号合格适航取证过程中，申请方需要开展符合性验证试验、试飞、分析等符合性验证活动来证明飞机型号设计符合相应的型号合格审定基础，以获得适航当局颁发的型号合格证。在此过程中，需要将符合性验证活动分解为便于管理的任务，使这些任务得以合理、有序地完成，这类分解后的符合性验证活动的载体就是一份份型号合格审定计划。审定计划是民用飞机型号合格取证的关键工具，它提供了详细的产品描述和成功完成取证的工作要求。分析了审定计划的适航规章要求和行业标准要求以及两者之间的异同，结合国内民用飞机型号的适航取证经验，提出了审定计划的规划原则、内容要求和协调性检查要求，为国内民用飞机型号合格审定计划的规划和制定提供参考。     

航空发动机CCAR33-R2.75条款适航符合性验证方法研究

针对航空发动机适航取证的安全性需求,对航空发动机CCAR33-R2.75适航条款进行了解读与分析,明确了该条款的验证要求和方法.将功能危险分析法、故障树分析法和故障模式与影响分析法运用到该验证方法中,并提出了航空发动机CCAR33-R2.75条款适航符合性验证的流程.最后对某型航空发动机进行实例分析,验证了发动机不可控火情对CCAR33-R2.75条款的符合性.该安全性验证方法能够为航空发动机CCAR33-R2.75条款适航符合性验证提供支持.     

军用涡扇发动机吞鸟适航符合性验证研究

针对我国军用涡扇发动机尚未形成吞鸟适航符合性验证要求及评价准则的问题,在分析国家军用标准与适航规章中有关涡扇发动机吞鸟验证要求异同的基础上,明确了适用于军用涡扇发动机吞鸟适航符合性验证的主要参数,并进一步阐明了吞鸟适航符合性验证的程序及评价准则。建议的吞鸟验证参数及试验程序以同时兼顾适航要求及国军标要求为前提,对我国军用涡扇发动机吞鸟适航符合性验证具有积极的指导意义。所确定的军用涡扇发动机吞鸟适航符合性验证评价准则,能够为吞鸟试验的符合性判定提供参考。     

形状记忆合金管接头技术在民用23部飞机液压系统中应用的适航考虑

国产民用运-12F飞机正在进行中国民用航空局和美国联邦航空管理局型号合格证适航取证工作.针对该飞机液压系统设计过程中应用了形状记忆合金管接头技术的实例,依据中国民用航空规章CCAR-23-R3中适用于这种新型管路连接技术的适航条款,对其适航审定方面的要求及符合性验证工作进行论述,最终证明符合适航规章的具体要求.     

航空涡轮发动机燃油牌号批准的适航符合性验证思路

航空燃油的特性会影响发动机的性能和安全,对燃油的审查和批准是发动机适航审定的重要方面。目前,国内对于燃油牌号的适航审定没有相应的指导文件。本文通过对适航规章33.7(c)(2)条款的实质要求进行梳理,总结燃油牌号适航审定的符合性验证思路,形成燃油批准的一般流程,并针对不同燃油牌号的使用情况给出相应的符合性验证思路。     

运输类旋翼航空器传动系统耐久性试验方法研究

运输类旋翼航空器传动系统耐久性试验的目的是演示旋翼传动系统在规定的限制内具有正常运行的能力,而无因过度磨损产生故障导致危险或因机械载荷造成性能下降。目前国产大型民用直升机并未严格按照适航规章在国内开展过该试验,而国外对该试验详细细节也存在技术封锁,导致经验较为欠缺。同时,由于各型号发动机性能差异,在验证过程中型号之间也存在不同。因此,对大型民用直升机旋翼传动系统耐久性试验符合性验证方法开展研究显得尤为必要。本文首先对适航要求进行了解析,并分析了军用直升机传动系统耐久性试验要求与适航标准的差异,给出了运输类旋翼航空器传动系统耐久性试验适航符合性验证方法,对其中的关键点提出了验证建议。最后,结合国内外相关型号研制经验,对于与适航规章有差异的部分,从安全性的角度给出了建议的替代方法。本文可为我国大型民用直升机的研制提供借鉴。     

民用航空发动机ETOPS型号设计和符合性验证方法研究

航空发动机延程运行（ETOPS）资格是飞机延程运行的基础,为了给国内航空发动机ETOPS 型号设计及适航符合性验证提供指导,研究ETOPS 适航规章形成的历程及航空发动机早期ETOPS 资格的设计和试验要求。分析发动机ETOPS 适航条款与飞机ETOPS 适航条款的关系,提出一种民用航空发动机ETOPS 型号的设计及符...     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.