Satellite navigation services. Galileo: introduction

In its conclusions of 17 March 1998 on the European Commission's communication ‘Towards a Trans-European Positioning and Navigation Network — including a European strategy for Global Satellite Navigation Systems (GNSS)’, the European Union (EU) Council of Ministers requested the Commission to present recommendations on the future European approach to global satellite navigation.     

Vehicular remote tolling services using EGNOS

Future Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) will significantly improve the performance of current navigation systems, providing new and enhanced capabilities. This will enable the implementation of innovative and advanced services and applications closer to the user's needs. In this framework, the road sector is one of the major potential markets for GNSS applications and, therefore, it is very promising for future EGNOS and GALILEO related applications. Satellite navigation receivers are now commonly installed in cars as a key tool for proving new services to people on the move such as electronic charging, real-time traffic information, emergency calls, route guidance, fleet management, or advance driving assistance systems. Specifically, a very important commercial opportunity is represented by the tolling-related applications. This paper describes the Vehicular Remote Tolling (VeRT) Project sponsored by Galileo Joint Undertaking (GJU) and performed in the frame of the first GJU Call under the EC VI Framework Programme. The overall design of the service provision architecture is also presented in this paper, together with the main topics related to the following activities focused on the service prototype demonstrator development.     

ASPeCT: Unambiguous sine-BOC(n,n) acquisition/tracking technique for navigation applications

This article presents a new tracking technique for sine-BOC(n,n) (or Manchester encoded) ranging signals, which is most likely to be a part of the new European Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Galileo, signal plan. When traditional sine-BOC(n,n) tracking is considered, although offering excellent performance compared with current signals, it has the main drawback of potentially giving biased measurements. The new method presented herein allows the removal of this threat while maintaining the same level of performance. An adapted version of this technique can also be used for acquisition purposes     

EGNOS系统增强服务的原理与实现

欧洲地球同步导航重叠服务(EGNOS)系统提供的增强服务有三类,即测距功能、广域差分校正和GNSS完好性通道。系统深刻阐明了这三类增强服务的原理与实现过程,给出了相关的算法,并推导了相应的计算公式和计算过程。     

European strategic dependence as related to space technology: navigation

In 1998, EUROSPACE, the Association of the European Space Industry, has conducted a study, the purpose of which was to analyse strategic dependence in the context of space technology. Among the space vulnerability domains, Navigation appears as a quite essential one. The present article reproduces the chapter of the EUROSPACE study related to Satellite navigation and positioning technology.     

捷联惯导系统大失准角下的初始对准研究

针对捷联惯导系统初始对准过程中的大失准角情况,建立了基于欧拉平台误差角概念的捷联惯导系统(SINS)非线性误差模型,对于具有加性噪声的动态方程,当状态方程为非线性而观测方程为线性时,将一种简化的UKF滤波方法运用到捷联惯导系统初始对准中,并在静基座下对捷联惯导系统大失准角初始对准进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,随着失准角的增大,简化的UKF比EKF估计精度更高,是一种在进行捷联惯导系统大失准角条件下的初始对准时实用方法。     

A novel optimal data fusion algorithm and its application for the integrated navigation system of missile

For Inertial Navigation System(INS)/Celestial Navigation System(CNS)/Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) integrated navigation system of the missile, the performance of data fusion algorithms based on the Cubature Kalman Filter(CKF) is seriously degraded when there are non-Gaussian noise and process-modeling errors in the system model. Therefore, a novel method is proposed, which is called Optimal Data Fusion algorithm based on the Adaptive Fading maximum Correntropy generalized high-degree...     

Conference report - 15t1h saint petersburg international conference on integrated navigation systems

The 15th Saint Petersburg International Conference on Integrated Navigation Systems was held by the Scientific Research Center of Russia - CSRI Elektropribor - co-sponsored by the Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences on Motion Control and Navigation Problems, the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the International Public Association - the Academy of Navigation and Motion Control, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (USA), L'Association AMronautique et Astronautique de France, L'institut Franqais de Navigation, and the German Institute of Navigation. Conference topics included: Integrated Systems, Satellite Systems, Inertial Systems, and Sensors.     

GPS/BDS/INS tightly coupled integration accuracy improvement using an improved adaptive interacting multiple model with classified measurement update

An Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is commonly used to fuse raw Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements and Inertial Navigation System (INS) derived measurements. However, the Conventional EKF (CEKF) suffers the problem for which the uncertainty of the statistical properties to dynamic and measurement models will degrade the performance. In this research, an Adaptive Interacting Multiple Model (AIMM) filter is developed to enhance performance. The soft-switching property of Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) algorithm allows the adaptation between two levels of process noise, namely lower and upper bounds of the process noise. In particular, the Sage adaptive filtering is applied to adapt the measurement covariance on line. In addition, a classified measurement update strategy is utilized, which updates the pseudorange and Doppler observations sequentially. A field experiment was conducted to validate the proposed algorithm, the pseudorange and Doppler observations from Global Positioning System (GPS) and BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) were post-processed in differential mode. The results indicate that decimeter-level positioning accuracy is achievable with AIMM for GPS/INS and GPS/BDS/INS configurations, and the position accuracy is improved by 35.8%, 34.3% and 33.9% for north, east and height components, respectively, compared to the CEKF counterpart for GPS/BDS/INS. Degraded performance for BDS/INS is obtained due to the lower precision of BDS pseudorange observations.     

欧美月球GNSS规划现状分析综述

月球是地球最重要的天然卫星,当前国际上正在迎来新一轮月球探索高潮,数十个机构和商业团队正在规划月球探索任务,并设想在未来实现航天员长期驻月,围绕月球的“太空竞赛”刚刚开始。月球GNSS（基于现有的地球GNSS以及新的环月卫星通信导航基础设施的月球卫星通信导航定位技术）是空间基准科研的基础,能够提供航天器着陆定位以及月面（及其覆盖空间）定位、导航与授时等服务,同时可以将月球作为试验场,将导航工具包扩展到更远的目的地（如火星）。对欧美近期发布的月球GNSS规划进行了整理归纳,其中包括美国月球GNSS接收机实验（LuGRE）计划和欧洲月光（MoonLight）计划,以及美国中远期月球通信中继和导航系统（LCRNS）计划,这些计划可以为我国开展月球GNSS规划提供参考。     

地地导弹天文导航的一种建模方法

介绍了远程地地弹道式导弹采用惯性／天文组合制导方案的优点。提出了以惯性导航为主、天文导航为辅的一种导航方法，推导出该方法对应的导航基准参数计算模型、导航参数计算模型及天文导航系统的横向导引方程。最后通过仿真计算，给出了所提供的天文导航方法和计算模型对提高导弹命中精度的效能。     

Navy Navigation Satellite System (Transit)

The Navy Navigation Satellite System (TRANSIT) has provided 100% system reliability since being declared operational October 11, 1968. TRANSIT continues to carry out its function of precise, reliable, all weather navigation for the United States Navy and nearly 80,000 worldwide commercial users. TRANSIT's utility has been expanded to provide precise positioning information to those in the fields of geodesy and doppler surveying. While TRANSIT's history is illustrious, its life is limited. The transition from TRANSIT as the Navy's satellite navigation system to NAVSTAR GPS is planned for the 1990' s, with the result that TRANSIT is now scheduled for phase out by the United States Navy in 1994. This paper (essentially an update of reference [1]) will show the current status and plans for TRANSIT, following a brief historical overview.     

导航显示管理计算机的设计及关键技术

导航信息显示管理计算机通过人机交互向飞机驾驶人员提供各种飞行状态及飞行指引参数,本文以某飞机测控平台辅助导航显示管理计算机设计实现为例,介绍了导航信息显示管理计算机的工作方式、工作流程并探讨了导航信息显示管理计算机的设计特点和关键技术。     

捷联式惯导系统动态误差特性研究

根据载体运动状态下捷联惯性导航系统(SINS)的误差方程时变的特点,推导出捷联惯性导航系统动态误差模型,并对其在几种动态环境下的误差特性进行了仿真研究。     

New ATC requirements phasing in preparation for the C-17 GATM/NAV safety functions to meet civil requirements

For the next 10 years new worldwide communication, navigation, and surveillance (CNS) requirements are being incrementally imposed upon commercial aircraft avionics, and upon the Air Traffic Control community, by the Aviation Administrations of most nations, including the FAA and the JAA. These requirements are the result of a decade of study by the United Nations' International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to improve aviation safety and efficiency. In 2001, the USAF mandated compliance to the CNS requirements for its military aircraft, which is called Navigation Safety/Global Air Traffic Management (NS/GATM) by the USAF. By complying with these requirements, the C-17 will maintain its ability to fly internationally without CNS restrictions, such as requiring special handling. The Phase I study reported herein is the first phase of a three-phase study effort that will result in the C-17 achieving NS/GATM compliance for a specific set of NS/CNS requirements.     

北斗星基增强系统单频服务区域可用性评估

在研究美国广域增强系统(WAAS)与欧洲地球同步导航重叠系统(EGNOS)服务可用性评估方法的基础上,基于连续8天的实测数据对当前北斗星基增强系统(BDSBAS)单频服务一类垂直引导进近(APV-I)的区域可用性进行了初步评估.评估结果表明,受系统实际播发的卫星完好性参数有效性与电离层格网点(IGP)分布的限制,中国大...     

卫星授时与时间传递技术进展

近年来,卫星导航技术发展迅速.卫星导航系统以精密时间测量技术为基础,实现了伪距测量,进而实现定位.同时,卫星导航系统还提供了高精度授时功能.综述了卫星导航系统的授时和时间频率传递技术、基于通信卫星的授时技术以及双向卫星时间频率传递(TWSTFT)技术等.随着我国北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)的建成和提供服务,BDS授时应用...     

惯性平台全数字温控系统设计与实现

惯性平台系统的导航精度会受到环境温度的影响,采用温控系统为平台提供稳定的工作温度能有效解决这一问题。本文将安装于台体的前端模拟温度采集电路改为数字温度采集电路,并采用数字总线传输,消除了模拟温度采集信号长距离传输引起的噪声和漂移。为了兼顾加温过程和温控精度,温控系统采用了分级、分段的控制策略。同时对温控系统进行了数字化设计,针对平台温控系统这种具有明显滞后性的被控对象,采用了带有遇限削弱积分法的无静差PID控制,有效克服了积分饱和对大滞后系统的影响。仿真和实验表明,通过采用全数字化设计,温控系统可以达到所要求的快速启动、输出稳定及温控精度要求。     

INS/GPS/TAN系统中的联邦卡尔曼滤波信息融合方法

在分析联邦卡尔曼滤波原理和结构的基础上,提出了一个适合惯性导航系统／全球定位系统／地形辅助导航（ＩＮＳ／ＧＰＳ／ＴＡＮ）子系统状态向量维数不同这一特点的联邦卡尔曼滤波方法,并构造了一种具有较强容错性能和适应性的联邦卡尔曼子系统滤波器结构。由于采用了局部状态扩展、局部状态压缩、智能的不等间隔滤波、多级故障检测、阈值控制等信息融合技术,在保证精度的前提下,联邦卡尔曼滤波器的可靠性、适应性得到了明显提高。     

基于DKF的IMU误差预测算法

作为导航领域常用的组合导航方式,全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)/惯性导航系统(INS)组合导航在GNSS信号失锁后,由于惯性测量单元(IMU)误差随时间迅速积累,其定位结果会偏离载体真实位置,导航精度下降.针对此问题,提出了一种长短期记忆网络(LSTM)辅助的算法,称之为深度卡尔曼滤波(DKF)算法.DKF算法的核心思想是使用LSTM训练IMU误差模型,然后通过训练出的模型预测IMU误差,最后将预测的IMU误差代入IMU数据以校正导航结果.仿真结果表明:在200s测试数据上,DKF算法将误差从1.1537m/s降低到0.3746m/s.与平均预测、卡尔曼预测和最小二乘估计等方法相比,DKF算法的误差最小,具有更优越的导航性能.