嫦娥一号CCD立体相机数据光度校正

为更加精确拟合相函数系数, 得到较为准确的光度校正结果, 针对嫦娥一号CCD立体相机数据的特点, 对改进的Lommel-Seeliger模型中的Lommel-Seeliger因子进行修订, 使去除太阳入射角和传感器观测角影响的遥感图像数据能够更好地契合相位角的变化; 利用加入修订后Lommel-Seeliger因子的模型对嫦娥一号CCD立体相机数据进行逐像素光度校正; 选取同一轨道不同纬度和同一区域不同视角两组数据来验证算法的有效性和适用性. 实验结果表明, 该方法能够有效校正由于几何观测条件变化而引起的目标光谱特性的不一致性, 对于较亮和较暗区域的光度校正效果更为有效.      

太阳光谱线轮廓在日面上的变化和宁静太阳大气模型

本文利用在美国基特峰国家天文台观测得到的氢和电离钙多条谱线轮廓,以及PANDORA大气模型计算程序,对宁静太阳VAL-C'大气模型进行了诊断。文中首先讨论了模型大气中不同层次的辐射特性,着重指出H巴尔末谱线同Call共振线和红外线的源函数具有与温度不同的耦合关系。其次,通过计算得到了各条谱线在日面不同点的出射轮廓,并将其同观测轮廓相比较,存在的系统差别有:(1)Hβ和λ8498红外线线心的剩余强度较观测值高,而CaIIH和K线线翼的剩余强度则明显比观测值低;(2)Hβ及caII各条谱线在△λ=0.5?处的剩余强度值的临边增大系数较观测值大。除上所述及某些观测误差以外,计算值同观测值符合得较好。最后,文章分析了导致计算和观测不符的可能原因,并进而提出了对VAL-C'模型改进的意见。      

X射线脉冲星脉冲到达航天器时间测量

X射线脉冲星脉冲到达时间(TOA)的空间测量是航天器自主导航和用脉冲星钟作航天器时间标准的基础.在简要介绍地面射电观测TOA测量方法基础上,重点研究了X射线脉冲星脉冲到达时间的空间测量方法和算法.讨论了利用X射线脉冲星辐射光子到达时间观测,建立X射线脉冲轮廓的方法;给出了通过观测得到的X射线脉冲轮廓与标准脉冲轮廓比较,精确确定TOA的测量方法和实用算法.讨论了削弱多普勒效应对TOA测量影响的方法.      

Be／X射线双星LSI＋61°303的光谱研究

给出了１９９２－１９９５年Ｂｅ／Ｘ射线双星ＬＳＩ＋６１°３０３每年的光谱观测结果，分析了光谱发射线轮廓及其变化，观测显示Ｈβ发射线轮廓具有典型的气壳吸收，表明观测视线与Ｂｅ星赤道平面平行，同时发现Ｈα发射线参数发等值宽度和双峰强度之比也具有类似射电流量的周期性变化，但其变化与射电玫光学光度的变化不同，因此认为此变化可能与中子星周期的吸积盘及其轨道交食有关。     

一次哈雷彗星爆发现象的观测和分析

哈雷彗星于1986年3月21日到26日期间,经历了一次非正常光变,产生了爆发.本文对用窄波段光电光度观测到的爆发过程中各波段所发生的基本物理机制和化学反应过程进行了分析和讨论.      

FocusGEO望远镜观测地球同步轨道目标的光度特性分类

基于FocusGEO望远镜2017年12月至2019年6月的测光观测数据,开展台站上空地球同步轨道(GEO)目标光度曲线的分类研究.通过对GEO卫星光度曲线特征的统计分析,建立了一种全新的GEO卫星分类系统,确定了各类GEO卫星光度曲线的占比,分析了光度特征类别与卫星平台的相关性.本研究将197颗GEO卫星的光度曲线分...     

哈雷彗星的JHK光度和1.3—2.6微米分光观测结果及分析

本文给出哈雷彗星在1986年3月25日至4月2日之间JHK波段测光和1.3—2.6微米分光观测结果。测光结果表明,3月22日彗星爆发在近红外波段也造成了明显的光变,但恢复正常光度的时间要滞后一些,且光变较之可见光波段要平缓.并指出在爆发期间,彗星除光变外尚有色变。分光观测到彗星在1.4、1.9微米的水发射线和位于2.6微米之外的可能的OH发射线。      

太阳风中磁场重联离子扩散区的大尺度特征

利用ACE和WIND卫星2007年1月6日的联合探测, 在1AU附近发现了一个等离子体密度极低的Petschek-like重联喷流区. 该喷流区内部出现了非常明显的Hall双极磁场、等离子体密度下降区以及与Hall电流相符的低能段电子投掷角分布. 这些特征与重联离子扩散区的Hall效应非常吻合, 说明很可能在太阳风中观测到了一个离子扩散区. 分析表明, 与之相关的磁场重联为准稳态快速完全反向重联, 其扩散区以一对慢模波为边界, 空间尺度达到80个离子惯性长度, 表现出了大尺度重联的特征.      

基于X射线脉冲星导航试验卫星观测数据的到达时间估计

中国首颗X射线脉冲星导航试验卫星（X-ray Pulsar Navigation-1, XPNAV-1）搭载了两种体制的X射线探测器,其主要任务是在轨开展X射线脉冲星的探测以及进行脉冲星导航体制的验证。为了实现到达时间（Time of Arrival,TOA）的高精度估计,提出了利用阵列信号处理领域的多重信号子空间分类（Multiple Signal Classification,MUSIC）方法进行脉冲星导航的TOA估计,进行了试验仿真验证,并且对XPNAV-1观测到的蟹状星云（Crab）脉冲星的光子数据进行处理。在观测时间为协调世界时（Coordinate Universal Time,UTC）57727.0约简儒略日（Modified Julian Day,MJD）到UTC57812.0MJD内,选取了0.5~10keV频段内的121段光子观测数据,对这些数据进行了脉冲轮廓折叠,得到了Crab脉冲星的折叠轮廓,然后分别利用互相关法和MUSIC方法进行折叠轮廓的TOA估计,最后对比了两种方法的估计结果。     

星载FPI探测低热层温度的研究

80～350km高度区域的大气温度与风场探测研究对于认识全球性空间动力学和日地耦合机制具有重要科学意义.法布里-珀罗干涉仪(FPI)能够通过分析接收光的干涉环反演计算出一定高度大气层的风场和温度.近年来,中国利用多种地基探测设备对中高层大气进行了观测研究,对于温度反演和星载探测技术的研究开始起步.本文基于系统传输函数和发射谱线函数的卷积,讨论了利用FPI探测高空大气温度反演计算的原理;分析了星载FPI探测的方法,根据星载FPI探测与地基探测的不同点,仿真了星载探测干涉图;结合中国观测技术现况及空间探测需要,讨论了发展星载空间环境探测仪的可行性.      

强磁场结构在行星际空间膨胀的数值模拟

本文研究了强磁场结构在18—240R_s的行星际空间的膨胀效应。模拟结果表明, 强磁场结构的膨胀能够形成典型的磁云剖面结构;膨胀速度明显依赖于磁场强度的大小;强磁场结构运动的速度直接影响到它的动力学特性。      

Magnetic connectivity and solar energetic proton event intensity profiles at deka-MeV energy

We present an analysis of the time-intensity profiles of 25 solar energetic proton events at 18.2 MeV, modelled by fitting an analytical function form (a modified Weibull function) to the observed intensities. Additionally relying on previous work that characterized the magnetic connectivity between the event-related solar flare and the observer in these events with three angular parameters, we investigate the fit function parameters, the connectivity parameters, and the iron-to-carbon ratio of the events for dependencies and correlations. We find that the fit parameter controlling the basic shape of the profile (parameter a) is not clearly dependent on the connectivity parameters or the Fe/C ratio, suggesting that the profile shapes of neither well and weakly connected nor generally “impulsive” and “gradual” events differ systematically during the early stages of the event at 1 AU. In contrast, the time scaling of the fit function (parameter b) is at least moderately correlated with both the magnetic connectivity parameters and the Fe/C ratio, in that well-connected and iron-rich events are typically shorter in relative duration than weakly connected and nominal-abundance events; intensity rise times display a similar correlation with the connectivity parameters. We interpret the former result as following from the combined effect of various transport processes acting on the particles in interplanetary space, while the latter is essentially consistent with established knowledge regarding the observed dependence of the time-intensity profile shapes of solar energetic particle events on their magnetic connectivity and heavy ion abundances. The desirability of modelling the particle transport effects in detail and extending the analysis to cover higher energies is indicated.     

Bayesian approach to retrieval of vertical ozone profile from radiometry data

A technique for retrieving vertical distributions (profiles) of atmospheric gas constituents from data of passive remote sensing of the atmosphere is proposed. The goal of the technique based on the statistical (Bayesian) approach to solution of inverse problems is construction of probability distribution for a sought quantity throughout the interval of the studied heights. It is assumed that initial data contain measurement noise, and a priori information about properties of the profile is used. It is proposed to approximate the sought profile by a function in the form of an artificial neural network. This approximation allows optimal inclusion of a priori information into retrieval procedure, thus ensuring the most effective regularization of the problem. Efficiency of the proposed technique is demonstrated on an example of retrieval of vertical ozone profile from data of ground-based sounding of the atmosphere in the millimeter wavelength range. Results of profile retrieval from model data and from spectra of radiation temperature of the atmosphere measured in the Apatity (67° N, 33° E) in the winter of 2002–2003 are presented.     

On the use of NeQuick topside option in IRI-2007

The latest version of IRI includes various options for the computation of the topside electron density profile. One of the possible choices is based on NeQuick model. Its inclusion in IRI has been made transferring all the formulations used in NeQuick model. In details, an Epstein layer function is used to describe the electron density profile and the topside shape is controlled by an empirical parameter, connected to the NeQuick F2 bottomside thickness parameter, B2bot. It is computed also in this IRI topside option in order to maintain self-consistency with its original formulation. This paper analyses the possibility of using the IRI bottomside parameters for this option and its impact on the profile and TEC. The case of experimental peak values given as input is also analysed.     

直齿锥齿轮的齿面苗率半径和速度分析

根据切齿原理和产形面与被切齿面间的关系推导出直齿锥齿轮的齿面曲率半径和综合曲率半径的表达式，并与当量齿轮法的求解结果进行了比较；在齿面坐标数值计算的基础上，分析了齿面上点的速度，为精确分析直齿锥齿轮的弹流工况及在弹流条件下的接触应力分布提供了依据．     

Alfvén波在任意流场、磁场位形中的传播

本文研究具有任意偏振和非单色的Alfvén波, 在任意流场、磁场位形且有粘、热各向异性等离子体流介质中的传播.采用WKB近似可以获得它的波幅矢量的张量表达式, 它是介质密度、速度、磁场、Alfvén波速、热各向异性和粘性的函数.文中对简单情形进行了讨论, 结果表明:本文结果是对普遍情形的一种简明的综合和概括, 便于研究三维传播问题.      

Self-consistent amplitude profile of ducted VLF transmitter signal due to resonant interaction with energetic electrons in the magnetosphere

Of the various sources of whistler waves in the magnetosphere, the signals from terrestrial VLF transmitters are apparently the simplest for theoretical analysis. The role of these signals in the acceleration and pitch-angle scattering of energetic electrons in the Earth’s radiation belts has not been fully studied quantitatively, despite many decades of relevant research. The main problem in studying this issue is that to calculate the acceleration and pitch-angle scattering of particles, it is necessary to know the spatial profile of the signal amplitude. This is especially critical for phase-trapped particles, for which the energy exchange with the wave is the most significant. At the same time, the wave amplitude profile itself is determined by the interaction of the wave with resonant particles. Thus, we are dealing with a self-consistent problem, which is described by a nonlinear system of equations - a kinetic equation for the distribution function of resonant particles with a self-consistent field, and an equation for the wave field, in which the nonlinear and non-local growth rate is determined by the distribution function of resonant particles. In this paper, we develop an approach to solving this system of equations and the corresponding physical problem using the method of successive approximations.     

The determination of lay-parameters for a given profile

An algorithm is presented by which the function LAY can be inverted so that the geometric parameters HX and SC of such function used to describe a given profile in the neighborhood of a peak can easily be determined.     

Analysis of a topside ionospheric model using GPS and ionosonde observables

Ground-based vertical incidence soundings are well suited to model the bottom-side ionosphere but are not so good for dependably modelling the topside ionosphere. This study aims to combine vertical incidence sounding and dual-frequency GPS measurements to reconstruct the topside profile. The reconstruction technique relays on the use of the so-called vary-Chap approach that use an α-Chapman function with a continuously varying scale height.     

Evaluating the IRI topside model for the South African region: An overview of the modelling techniques

The representation of the topside ionosphere (the region above the F2 peak) is critical because of the limited experimental data available. Over the years, a wide range of models have been developed in an effort to represent the behaviour and the shape of the electron density (Ne) profile of the topside ionosphere. Various studies have been centred around calculating the vertical scale height (VSH) and have included (a) obtaining VSH from Global Positioning System (GPS) derived total electron content (TEC), (b) calculating the VSH from ground-based ionosonde measurements, (c) using topside sounder vertical Ne profiles to obtain the VSH. One or a combination of the topside profilers (Chapman function, exponential function, sech-squared (Epstein) function, and/or parabolic function) is then used to reconstruct the topside Ne profile. The different approaches and the modelling techniques are discussed with a view to identifying the most adequate approach to apply to the South African region’s topside modelling efforts. The IRI-2001 topside model is evaluated based on how well it reproduces measured topside profiles over the South African region. This study is a first step in the process of developing a South African topside ionosphere model.