抗垂风干扰直接升力控制系统设计

一、引言 在垂风干扰作用下,常规飞机往往不能保持航迹角不变,从而使得航迹变化越来越大,这在很多情况下是不符合飞机飞行要求的。而直接升力控制系统,由于实现了对应状态的解耦,在垂风干扰作用下,则可以基本保持航迹角不变。如果采用抗干扰调节器设计方法设计直接升力控制系统,则可以始终保持航迹角为0,从而保证航迹不变。本文以某型飞机为背景讨论了上述问题。采用离散域直接设计。     

基于总能量理论的着舰飞行/推力控制系统

为提高舰载飞机在低动压着舰条件下飞行操纵性能和实现飞行航迹/速度之间的解耦,首先设计了阻尼器,使飞机的短周期阻尼达到了一级飞行品质的要求;然后,基于总能量控制理论设计了着舰飞行/推力综合控制系统。该控制系统使航迹角的响应带宽为1.21 rad/s。仿真结果表明,该系统能够在保持速度恒定的条件下实现航迹角的快速响应,而且对气动参数摄动具有较强的鲁棒性。     

舰载飞机着舰航迹角控制器设计

为提高舰载飞机的着舰精度,基于总能量控制理论设计了着舰下滑航迹角控制器。频域分析结果表明,该控制系统使航迹角的响应带宽为1.21rad/s,满足了设计要求。基于非线性模型的仿真结果表明,该系统不但能够使航迹角快速地响应阶跃输入指令和保持飞行速度基本不变,且对于气动参数的摄动具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于智能软件的着舰飞行/推力控制系统

针对舰载飞机在低动压状态下操纵性能下降导致航迹角不能精确跟踪姿态角的问题,基于设计多变量鲁棒控制系统的正规矩阵参数优化方法,采用智能设计软件IntelDes 3.0设计了保持迎角恒定的着舰飞行/推力综合控制系统.非线性数值仿真结果表明,该控制系统的性能较好,对气动系数摄动的鲁棒性较强.     

"直接升力控制"空中加油控制系统模拟

研究采用“直接升力控制系统”，在俯仰角保持不变（θ=const)的情况下，空中加油时飞机的飞行动力学和飞行控制问题。采用F-15飞机（静不安定飞机）参数，完成了飞机空中加油过程线代模型的建立和运动关系的推导；进行了空中加油闭环过程的计算机模拟；结果证明这种方法是有效的。     

直接升力控制律的逆乃奎斯特阵列法设计

采用直接力控制可弥补常规飞机在轨迹操纵方面的不足,并产生某些新的运动模式 对飞机直接升力控制可的三种基本运动模式进行讨论,从中归纳出直接升力控制 设计就是输出解控制系统的设计问题。并以单纯直接升力控制方式为例,用逆乃奎斯特列方法设计了某飞机的直接升力系统,仿真结果表明ＩＮＡ方法是解决多变量解耦问题的有效方法。     

基于直接升力与动态逆的舰尾流抑制方法

在复杂的作战和着舰环境下,舰尾气流扰动是着舰误差的最主要来源之一。如果在着舰下滑阶段利用直接升力控制（DLC）的快速性和解耦性能力,可以极大地减轻飞行员着舰操纵负担并且提高着舰最后阶段对舰尾流的抑制能力。从航迹调节和姿态稳定的解耦角度出发,提出在非线性动态逆（NDI）控制框架下实现基于直接升力的着舰控制律方法,并通过建立含有舰尾流扰动的E-2C全量飞机仿真模型进行验证。结果表明：在非线性动态逆控制中引入直接升力的舰载机着舰控制律,可以实现在着舰下滑阶段姿态稳定的同时,通过直接升力快速解耦调节航迹误差,并且在引入舰尾流干扰的情况下,具有快速修正下滑倾角误差、抑制舰尾流干扰的能力,最终达到显著提高着舰精度的效果。     

特征结构配置在设计直接升力控制律中的应用

采用直接力控制可弥补常规飞机在轨迹操纵方面的不足,并产生某些新的运动模式。文中首先对飞机直接升力控制的3种基本运动模式进行了讨论。归纳出直接升力控制律的设计就是输出解耦控制系统的设计问题。在简述了用特征结构配置和模型跟踪技术求算反馈和前馈增益阵的主要步骤之后,以CitationⅡ型飞机为算例,设计了其直接升力控制律。计算结果是令人满意的,说明特征结构配置是一种设计飞行控制系统的有效方法。     

基于非线性动态逆的舰载机直接升力航迹控制

针对舰载机人工进场着舰精确轨迹控制中飞行员操纵负担重、着舰环境复杂的问题,提出采用非线性动态逆(NDI)先进控制方法设计基于直接升力的舰载机精确着舰轨迹控制律。首先,综合分析了"魔毯"技术的控制策略,从航迹调整和姿态保持的直接升力解耦控制角度出发,设计了两层NDI回路;然后,采用合理的控制分配方法实现直接升力的舵面分配。仿真结果表明,所提出的精确着舰控制方法能够有效实现"魔毯"式航迹操纵。     

直接升力控制对飞机着舰稳定性的改善

本文讨论了舰载飞机以最小需用推力对应速度(V_(?))的左侧速度进场的航迹稳定性问题。并对直接升力控制对着舰稳定性的改善进行了初步探讨.结果表明,采用直接升力控制来保证飞机着舰稳定性是可行的.     

Theoretical and Experimental Study of Gust Response Alleviation Using Neuro-fuzzy Control Law for a Flexible Wing Model

Two kinds of neuro-fuzzy gust response alleviation control laws are designed for a flexible large-aspect-ratio wing model. Simulations and comparisons of random gust alleviation using the two control laws are performed. Based on the better neuro-fuzzy control law, experiments and simulations of sinusoidal gust alleviation using one-control-surface control system and two-control-surface control system are developed. The investigations show that the two kinds of neuro-fuzzy gust response alleviation control laws can alleviate random gust responses effectively. The neuro-fuzzy gust response alleviation control law including a modifying factor is better than the other one without it. Further, the better one has good effects on the sinusoidal gust alleviation at different frequencies and flow velocities. The two-control-surface control system has better effects on gust response alleviation than the one-control-surface control system when the gust is strong. The simulation results agree well with the experimental results. These results can be usefully referenced to the design of actual gust alleviation control systems.     

Application of Active Flow Control Technique for Gust Load Alleviation

A new gust load alleviation technique is presented in this paper based on active flow control. Numerical studies are conducted to investigate the beneficial effects on the aerodynamic characteristics of the quasi "Global Hawk" airfoil using arrays of jets during the gust process. Based on unsteady Navier-Stokes equations, the grid-velocity method is introduced to simulate the gust influence, and dynamic response in vertical gust flow perturbation is investigated for the airfoil as well. An unsteady surface transpiration boundary condition is enforced over a user specified portion of the airfoil’s surface to emulate the time dependent velocity boundary conditions. Firstly, after applying this method to simulate typical NACA0006 airfoil gust response to a step change in the angle of attack, it shows that the indicial responses of the airfoil make good agreement with the exact theoretical values and the calculated values in references. Furthermore, gust response characteristic for the quasi "Global Hawk" airfoil is analyzed. Five kinds of flow control techniques are introduced as steady blowing, steady suction, unsteady blowing, unsteady suction and synthetic jets. The physical analysis of the influence on the effects of gust load alleviation is proposed to provide some guidelines for practice. Numerical results have indicated that active flow control technique,as a new technology of gust load alleviation, can affect and suppress the fluid disturbances caused by gust so as to achieve the purpose of gust load alleviation.     

多输入气动伺服弹性系统抗阵风不灵敏性研究

针对飞机多输入 /多输出气动伺服弹性系统的抗阵风不灵敏性进行理论分析与计算验证。对于耦合的多回路飞行控制系统 ,建立弹性结构、非定常气动力和控制系统构成的气动伺服弹性分析模型 ,根据现代控制理论中的鲁棒分析技术 ,以系统回差矩阵的奇异值理论为基础 ,应用系统抗干扰不灵敏性的判据 ,确定气动伺服弹性系统对阵风外干扰保持不灵敏性的能力。以某型飞机横侧向耦合控制系统为对象 ,采用 Dryden谱形式的大气紊流模型作为外部阵风干扰 ,对系统的不灵敏性及阵风响应进行计算、分析和比较     

Aeroelastic dynamic response of elastic aircraft with consideration of two-dimensional discrete gust excitation

Design loads generally require a one-dimensional discrete gust profile without consideration of the spanwise effect, and this profile cannot represent the true gust field exactly. For a high aspect ratio aircraft, two-dimensional gusts may cause critical load conditions, and approaches for calculating dynamic responses under two-dimensional discrete gust excitation are rarely presented. In this paper, a spanwise non-uniform vertical discrete gust field is established based on a one-dimensional ‘1-cos’ gust profile in reference to a DARPA proposal, while frequency and hybrid approaches to the dynamic response analysis of flexible aircraft under this two-dimensional gust excitation are presented. Solution techniques have been applied to a high aspect ratio aircraft to assess the different response characteristics with a comparison between one-dimensional and two-dimensional discrete gust field conditions. The results show that the two-dimensional discrete gust model produces a higher bending moment than that of the one-dimensional condition. Therefore, the critical load conditions that are derived from the two-dimensional discrete gust for high aspect ratio aircraft should be seriously considered. According to the analysis, an active control scheme to alleviate the bending loads caused by the two-dimensional gust is designed, and alleviation effects in different gust conditions are compared.     

Wind tunnel test of gust load alleviation for a large-scale full aircraft model

Wind tunnel test is an important way to test the performance of Gust Load Alleviation(GLA). At present, some component-level wind tunnel tests have been carried out in big aviation countries, but there is a lack of full aircraft model GLA tests. In this study, a set of large-scale GLA test system in low-speed wind tunnel is developed, which includes a gust generator, a fivedegree-of-freedom suspension system, a full elastic aircraft model with control system, and gust load measuring devices. Two...     

FL-12风洞突风试验装置研制

论述了在FL-12风洞研制的垂直和水平两种突风发生器,两者都是通过电机驱动凸轮、凸轮带动连杆使叶片摆动,改变电机的转速和凸轮的偏心距来产生叶片不同的频率和振幅,同时还介绍了两种突风发生器的优缺点、安装方法以及减振隔振措施。通过突风流场的测量,得出：突风区域内左右和上下位置突风流场变化较小,前后位置突风流场变化规律为离叶片越近,正弦规律越明显,突风流场越纯正;离叶片越远,正弦风速受干扰越大,突风流场越不纯正;正弦突风流场的风速幅值与来流风速、叶片个数、叶片摆动频率和测点距叶片的风洞轴向距离有关,并且都是正相关的关系。最后简要介绍了突风响应及减缓两期试验,试验结果表明：突风发生器能产生均匀的垂直和水平突风流场,突风频率和强度均可满足弹性模型突风试验要求,FL-12风洞具备了突风响应试验研究技术。     

柔性翼微型飞行器垂直阵风响应特性的实验研究

微型飞行器因其体积小、重量轻、使用灵活、成本低,广泛应用于军民领域的侦查、通讯、搜救等领域。在制约微型飞行器发展的诸多因素中,阵风对微型飞行器的稳定、安全飞行影响很大。在南京航空航天大学非定常风洞内,研制了一套垂直阵风装置,进行了垂直阵风的流场测试。设计制作了一种柔性翼微7型飞行器,并制作了刚性翼与其对比,在国内首次进行了微型飞行器垂直阵风实验。结果表明：柔性翼能够提高微型飞行器的失速迎角,且具有更好的纵向稳定性,有一定的垂直阵风缓和能力,有利于安全、稳定飞行。     

基于直接力控制的阵风响应及阵风减缓研究

考察某无人机模型的阵风气动响应特性和基于直接力操纵的阵风减缓效果.在求解非定常Euler方程时引入“网格速度”方法模拟阵风边界条件,通过动态嵌套网格技术实现舵面运动.首先对NACA0006翼型迎角阶跃型阵风的气动力响应进行了验证计算,计算结果与理论结果、文献计算结果吻合良好.在此基础上对某无人机模型在迎角阶跃型、One-minus-cosine型阵风作用下的气动力响应过程进行了数值模拟,并分析评估了不同舵面运动方式对飞机气动性能的影响.最终研究比较了不同舵面运动方式下阵风气动响应的减缓效果.结果表明:通过合理设计舵面运动,可以有效达到抑制阵风引起的非定常气动干扰的目的.     

飞机迎角在垂直阵风干扰中的卡尔曼滤波估计

在阵风条件下,为了抑制飞机的附加载荷并改善乘坐品质,需要得到飞机的迎角状态。以某大型运输机为例,通过卡尔曼滤波方法,将飞机法向过载和俯仰角速度综合进飞机的操纵输入来估计垂直阵风条件下的飞机迎角,并进行了仿真。结果表明,在垂直阵风干扰条件下,采用卡尔曼滤波方法能获得迎角状态的良好估计。