The deep space 1 extended mission

The primary mission of Deep Space 1 (DS1), the first flight of the New Millennium program, completed successfully in September 1999, having exceeded its objectives of testing new, high-risk technologies important for future space and Earth science missions. DS1 is now in its extended mission, with plans to take advantage of the advanced technologies, including solar electric propulsion, to conduct an encounter with comet 19P/Borrelly in September 2001. During the extended mission, the spacecraft's commercial star tracker failed; this critical loss prevented the spacecraft from achieving three-axis attitude control or knowledge. A two-phase approach to recovering the mission was undertaken. The first involved devising a new method of pointing the high-gain antenna to Earth using the radio signal received at the Deep Space Network as an indicator of spacecraft attitude. The second was the development of new flight software that allowed the spacecraft to return to three-axis operation without substantial ground assistance. The principal new feature of this software is the use of the science camera as an attitude sensor. The differences between the science camera and the star tracker have important implications not only for the design of the new software but also for the methods of operating the spacecraft and conducting the mission. The ambitious rescue was fully successful, and the extended mission is back on track.     

三轴稳定通信卫星在地球搜索模式下的陀螺标定

本文介绍三轴稳定通信卫星在转移轨道远地点点火前，在地球搜索模式下的陀螺标定方法和计算公式。此种陀螺标定需进行两次姿态机动，利用太阳敏感器和速率积分陀螺遥测数据标定陀螺的常值漂移。     

捷联惯导/星敏感器组合导航技术研究

针对在捷联惯导系统中陀螺的误差存在随着时间积累而逐渐增大的缺点,提出了捷联惯导系统+星敏感器的组合导航方案,并进行了仿真及结果分析。以Kalman滤波为基础,通过将捷联惯导系统和CCD光学传感器所测得的飞行器相关姿态信息进行数据融合,估计出组合导航系统的误差状态量,进而修正捷联惯导系统的位置、速度和姿态角。详细推导了捷联惯导+星敏感器组合导航的算法,并通过对仿真结果的分析证实了该方案的可行性和算法的有效性。     

基于OMNeT++的卫星姿态控制系统仿真

针对三轴稳定卫星的姿态控制系统,在离散事件仿真平台OMNeT 的基础上,建立了一个以星敏感器和陀螺为敏感器,反作用飞轮为执行机构的闭环控制仿真系统。采用双矢量定姿算法和PID控制算法,对该卫星在对地定向模式下的控制精度进行了仿真。仿真结果清晰地反映了星敏感器和反作用飞轮输出延时对控制精度的影响。整个仿真系统符合面向对象和模块化的程序设计理念,并实现了仿真程序的重用。     

陀螺电机可靠性研究

YT - 1型单自由度液浮速率积分陀螺仪作为基本的惯性姿态敏感器已广泛用于我国高、中、低轨道各类卫星的姿态和轨道控制系统中。陀螺可靠性对卫星执行任务的成败至关重要。陀螺电机的可靠是决定陀螺可靠性的关键。本文着重分析研究了陀螺电机故障的不可预见性、陀螺电机预载量的确定及实施方法、陀螺电机寿命试验及可靠性分布类型     

Attitude control schemes for the first recovery mission of India

This paper describes the attitude control schemes for the various phases such as acquisition, on-orbit, orbit maneuver, de-boost maneuvers and coast phases of the India's first recovery mission Space Capsule Recovery Experiment-I (SRE-1). During the on-orbit phase, the SRE was configured to point the negative roll axis to Sun. The attitude referencing of SRE-1 was based on dry tuned gyros with updates from the attitude determined using on-board Sun sensors and magnetometer. For attitude acquisition, attitude maneuvers and for providing the velocity corrections for de-orbiting operations; a set of eight thrusters grouped in functionally redundant blocks were used. The control scheme with thrusters was based on proportional derivative controller with a modulator. In order to ensure micro-gravity environment during the on-orbit payload operations a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) based control scheme was designed to drive an orthogonal configuration of magnetic torquers which in turn produced three-axis control torque with the interaction of Earth's magnetic field. Proportional derivative control scheme with modulator was designed to track the steering commands during the velocity reduction as well as during the coasting phase of the de-orbiting operations. A novel thruster failure detection, isolation and reconfiguration scheme implemented on-board for the de-orbiting phase is also discussed in this paper.     

On the possibility of long-term maintenance of geostationary satellite attitude without using the external information sensors and inertial sensors

The problem of maintaining spacecraft attitude during the loss of information from attitude sensors and inertial sensors is considered. The problem is solved on the basis of the force gyro stabilization principle with producing an angular momentum in the plane of orbit. The redundant mode of attitude maintenance is developed for spacecraft of the Yamal series. The results of testing the mode during the in-flight tests of the Yamal-200 spacecraft are presented.     

三轴稳定通信卫星在地球指向模式下的陀螺标定

本文介绍三轴稳定通信卫星在地球指向模式下的陀螺标定方法和计算公式。转移轨道远地点火后及同步轨道在三轴稳定地球指向模式下的陀螺标定是利用地球敏感器、太阳敏感器和速率积分陀螺信号的遥测值标定陀螺常值漂移。     

基于星体角速度估计的陀螺故障诊断

为在星载惯性基准单元(IMU)正常工作的陀螺的冗余度不满足奇偶方程法条件时诊断陀螺故障，通过卫星稳态运行期间高精度星敏感器输出的姿态四元数信息，根据卫星姿态运动学和动力学方程，采用非线性广义卡尔曼滤波(EKF)得到星体角速度的估计值。在此基础上，通过设计的故障诊断器对陀螺故障进行定位。仿真结果表明，该法可检测陀螺的突变和缓变故障。     

采用简化滤波器思想的卫星姿态确定系统故障诊断

针对星上计算机运算资源有限的问题,为了降低卫星姿态确定系统故障诊断的运算量,提出一种基于卡尔曼滤波器的故障检测与分离方法。该方法首先基于卫星姿态运动方程设计了一种加性卡尔曼滤波器,然后将卡尔曼滤波器与简化观测器思想相结合,进一步提出一种采用简化滤波器思想的姿态敏感器故障诊断律。所提出的故障诊断方法既可以实现对陀螺故障的检测与分离,又能够诊断星敏感器的故障。此外,该方法只利用一个滤波器即可实现故障检测与分离,其计算量小,有利于在轨实施。最终采用一个由三正交一斜装陀螺组件和星敏感器构成的姿态确定系统对所提出的方法进行了仿真校验,仿真结果表明了所提方法的有效性。     

Modelling and simulation of the space mission MICROSCOPE

MICROSCOPE is a French space mission for testing the weak equivalence principle (WEP). The mission goal is the determination of the Eötvös parameter $\eta$ with an accuracy of 10^?15. The French space agency CNES is responsible for the satellite which is developed and produced within the Myriade series. The satellite's payload T-SAGE (Twin Space Accelerometer for Gravitation Experimentation) is developed and built by the French institute ONERA. It consists of two high-precision capacitive differential accelerometers. One accelerometer is used as reference sensor with two test masses of platinum, the science sensor contains a platinum and a titanium proof mass. The detection of the test mass movement and their control is done via a complex electrode system. As a member of the MICROSCOPE performance team, the German department ZARM will be involved in the data analysis of the MICROSCOPE mission. For this purpose, mission simulations and the preparation of the mission data evaluation in close cooperation with the French partners CNES, ONERA and OCA are realised. The development status of the simulation tool which will represent the complex spacecraft dynamics and all error sources in order to design and test data reduction procedures is presented and some features are discussed in detail.     

基于联合滤波的卫星姿态确定

对由星敏感器、陀螺、太阳敏感器和磁强计构成的组合姿态确定系统,建立了卫星确定系统模型、子系统滤波方程。基于信息融合设计了改进的联合滤波,讨论了信息分配因子确定,给出了改进的系统滤波流程。仿真结果表明：改进后卫星姿态确定的算法有能效提高卫星姿态的估计精度。     

An innovative high accuracy autonomous navigation method for the Mars rovers

Autonomous navigation is an important function for a Mars rover to fulfill missions successfully. It is a critical technique to overcome the limitations of ground tracking and control traditionally used. This paper proposes an innovative method based on SINS (Strapdown Inertial Navigation System) with the aid of star sensors to accurately determine the rover?s position and attitude. This method consists of two parts: the initial alignment and navigation. The alignment consists of a coarse position and attitude initial alignment approach and fine initial alignment approach. The coarse one is used to determine approximate position and attitude for the rover. This is followed by fine alignment to tune the approximate solution to accurate one. Upon the completion of initial alignment, the system can be used to provide real-time navigation solutions for the rover. An autonomous navigation algorithm is proposed to estimate and compensate the accumulated errors of SINS in real time. High accuracy attitude information from star sensor is used to correct errors in SINS. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed methods can achieve a high precision autonomous navigation for Mars rovers.     

矢量观测确定卫星姿态的预测粒子滤波算法

在矢量观测的基础上,针对单独的星敏感器定姿,提出了一种将粒子滤波(PF)和预测滤波相结合的姿态确定算法,通过设计粒子初始化,结合重要性采样、重采样和规则化等手段,成功地将姿态四元数作为状态粒子进行更新和传递,避免了状态方程的线性化和协方差矩阵的计算;利用预测滤波算法估计模型误差和姿态角速度,在保证滤波精度的同时,有效降低了粒子滤波器的维数.实验在某对地观测通用小卫星平台上进行,选取卫星自由飞行状态和飞轮控制对地稳定模式,分别对滤波器进行了仿真,实验结果验证了该算法对本质非线性、非高斯的卫星姿态估计问题具有快速的收敛性能和良好的稳定精度.该方法还为粒子滤波器的设计和无角速度敏感器测量的飞行器姿态确定提供了借鉴.     

基于UKF的航天器最小参数姿态矩阵估计方法

钊对航天器的惯性-星光姿态确定系统，选取基于矢量观测的最小参数姿态矩阵估计方法为定姿算法。但是由于系统模型是非线性的，针对系统模型的非线性，将UKF（Unscented Kalman Filter）与最小参数姿态矩阵估计方法结合，设计了一种针对MEMS陀螺和CMOS APS星敏感器的UKF姿念估计器。仿真结果表明：在敏感器精度较差的情况下，该UKF、姿态估计器能够满足大多数航天器对姿态确定精度的要求。此外，UKF和EKF（Extended Kalman Filter）的仿真对比结果表明：UKF滤波器的收敛速度高于EKF滤波器，状态估计的精度也优于EKF滤波器，且数值稳定性好。     

基于陀螺和星敏感器的卫星姿态确定算法

主要研究了基于陀螺和星敏感器配置的卫星姿态确定算法.为保证卫星姿态确定的高精度,利用星敏感器提供的姿态四元数结合扩展卡尔曼滤波,对陀螺漂移进行实时补偿.并利用在轨数据,通过matlab数学仿真,验证了高精度滤波算法的有效性.所设计的滤波器能准确估计陀螺漂移,估计误差优于5.56×10-5(°)/s;姿态估计误差优于0....