基于深度学习的混合翼型前缘压力分布预测

提出了一种基于深度学习的混合翼型前缘压力分布预测方法,通过对翼型几何特征提取、压力分布曲线的参数化,建立了卷积神经网络模型（CNN）,并利用计算流体力学（CFD）的计算结果作为其训练样本,实现对混合翼型前缘压力分布的预测。结果表明:两种方法计算结果的拟合优度大于0.98,基于深度学习的计算方法耗时1.7 s,CFD方法耗时大于50 s,计算时间大大缩短。该方法能够在满足计算精度的条件下提高计算效率并可应用于其他的翼型设计过程。      

基于两层POD和BPNN的翼型反设计方法

翼型优化过程需要大量的 CFD 分析,计算量大、耗时长。本文发展基于本征正交分解（POD）和反向传播神经网络（BPNN）的翼型反设计方法,该方法的优化过程如下：首先,通过 Hicks-Henne 参数化,在设计空间中构造翼型外形的样本库,并利用 Xfoil/Fluent 对样本翼型的流场进行求解;然后,对翼面压力系数和几何外形分别建立 POD 模型,即两层 POD 模型,并得到对应的基模态系数;最后,使用 BPNN 建立从压力系数的基模态系数到几何外形的基模态系数的映射,实现在给定压力系数下对几何外形的快速预测。通过算例分析,结果表明：在亚/跨声速状态,基于 200 个样本训练所得的两层 POD+BPNN 模型可以实现对具有目标压力系数分布的翼型的预测,其精度满足翼型反设计要求。     

基于CST参数化方法的翼型快速设计

为弥补传统飞机翼型设计周期长、代价高的缺点,将CST翼型参数化方法,与机器学习中的高斯过程回归方法相结合,通过对已有的翼型数据的学习,实现对未知翼型气动性能或者外形数据的快速准确预测。选取一组NACA四位族翼型,获得其CST参数描述数据,并分别计算其在一定条件下的升力系数、阻力系数和压力分布数据。利用这些数据对高斯过程回归模型进行训练,实现了翼型的快速正设计以及反设计系统。并将实验结果与采用NACA翼型参数表示法得到的预测结果进行了对比。实验结果表明,基于CST参数化方法的翼型快速设计准确度高、速度快,具有很大的应用价值。     

多目标自然层流翼型反设计方法

 进行了基于扰动放大N-因子的目标压力分布设计方法的多目标自然层流（NLF）翼型反设计方法研究。流场分析和转捩位置计算用XFOIL程序,大大减少了计算花费。用N-因子设计方法进行有NLF范围要求和满足气动约束的目标压力计算,压力恢复段的压力分布用Stratford分离准则来进行设计。用基于响应面方法的优化方法来进行反设计计算,使用不含二阶交叉项的二次多项式模型的响应面模型,大大减少了构造模型所需的试验次数;设计空间内试验点的选取满足D-优化准则。根据设计目标的设计状态,进行了多目标翼型反设计。计算结果表明,设计结果的层流范围和设计目标基本吻合,该方法可以用于NLF翼型的多目标反设计中。     

改进型Gappy POD翼型反设计方法

 为了提高基本Gappy本征正交分解(POD)翼型反设计方法的精度,在原始方法快照采样过程中,调整参数化方法,并用已产生翼型中压力分布最接近目标压力分布的翼型替换基础扰动翼型,形成最优快照替换采样法。在迭代求解阶段,根据迭代产生的压力分布与迭代产生的翼型实际压力分布之间的误差,引入校正快照,并据此调整目标压力分布,形成校正迭代法。实际算例表明,最优快照替换采样法所采集快照张成的空间较原始采样法更接近设计目标。而校正迭代法较原始迭代法能明显提高反设计精度。但最佳模态数量的选择对于Gappy POD翼型反设计方法仍然是一个难点。     

基于Euler方程的直升机旋翼翼型反设计方法

直升机旋翼流场的求解和贴体网格的生成是进行旋翼翼型反设计的关键,本文采用Euler方程求解直升机旋翼翼型流场,并通过求解泊松方程生成围绕翼型的网格.在此基础上,结合线化二维亚音速和超音速流的小扰动理论,采用MGM方程作为反设计方程,基于有限差分方法建立一套直升机旋翼翼型反设计的迭代方法.在给定的目标压力分布条件下,与CFD方法相结合,反设计得出满足要求的翼型,并与目标翼型吻合良好,表明本文建立的翼型反设计方法能够有效地用于直升机旋翼翼型设计.     

基于响应面法的低速翼型气动优化设计

响应面方法相较于其它直接优化方法有其高效、实用的优势,此前的研究更多地将响应面方法用于超音速和跨音速翼型的减阻优化设计中。本文将此方法应用于低速翼型优化设计中,进行了基于RANS(Reynolds-Aver-aged Navier-Stokes)方程和自由转捩预测耦合求解的低速翼型气动优化设计。通过计算附面层方程得到附面层参数并用en方法计算转捩位置,并考虑了T-S波和层流分离造成的转捩。RANS方程计算中,使用了转捩过渡区模型,以保证附面层外边界压力分布的精度。RANS方程和转捩预测迭代进行至转捩位置收敛。在响应面模型计算中,使用不含二阶交叉项的二阶多项式模型,减少了构造模型所需的计算量;合理的选择设计空间保证了构造的响应面模型具有较高的精度。使用三个设计点的多目标优化设计,保证了设计的合理性。通过对NACA64(1)-112翼型优化计算结果表明,本文的方法可以有效地进行低速翼型的气动优化,各设计点上转捩位置也得到了改善,有较好的工程实用前景。     

Kriging模型在翼型反设计中的应用研究

目前,基于Kriging代理模型的优化方法在气动优化设计中得到了广泛的应用,然而却并未能应用于气动反设计中。本文将翼型气动反设计问题转化为优化问题,利用基于Kriging模型的优化方法进行了翼型的单目标、多目标反设计,验证了Kriging模型在翼型单目标、多目标反设计中的适应性,并研究了模型加点准则对设计结果的影响;此外,将本文方法与多项式响应面模型优化方法、基于Adjoint的优化方法进行了比较,结果表明,该方法明显优于基于多项式响应面的优化方法,且与Adjoint方法相比,设计效率相当且具有更好的通用性。最后将本文方法应用于接近工程实际的在已有翼型基础上修改压力分布进行反设计,验证了本文方法的可行性。     

先进无人机翼型气动设计方法研究

探讨了传统的优化设计方法和反设计方法在翼型设计中的应用,针对遗传算法存在计算量大、精度低的不足,以及反设计方法难以提供合理目标压力分布的难题,为提高已有气动设计方法的工程实用性,将基于遗传算法的优化方法与反设计方法结合起来进行了翼形的气动外形设计.结果表明,所采用的翼型设计方法是正确、有效的.     

基于特征正交分解的跨声速流场重构和翼型反设计方法研究

在二维流场的重构问题中应用特征正交分解(Proper Orthogonal Decomposition,POD)数据处理方法。利用CFD技术计算得到的流场快照对气动力模型进行降阶,然后利用基于POD的降阶模型(Reduced Order Model,ROM)对所需的流场参数进行重构,在快照范围内可以得到高精度的结果,且具有一定的外插能力。在翼型反设计问题中该方法仍然是成功的,通过修正快照向量,利用基于POD降阶模型的数据重构方法,由已知的翼型表面压力分布通过反设计就能够高效精确地得到对应的最优翼型形状,这极大地简化了翼型反设计问题。本文分别在跨声速范围对RAE 2822翼型的流场重构和Korn翼型及NACA 63212翼型的反设计进行了验证,证明了基于POD的流场重构和翼型反设计方法的有效性和高效性。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.