异构多星编队的脉冲构型保持控制方法

近地轨道的双星编队通常设计具有自稳定性的编队构型参数初值,通过保持编队构型参数形成长期稳定的相对周期运动。针对编队中卫星数量增多产生的相对运动耦合问题,提出了基于Hill坐标和三角函数公式的多星相对运动分析方法。基于SAR载荷测量基线定义,结合多星编队构型参数的相对运动特性,提出了编队构型参数的设计方法,能够实现多星编队的最大有效基线组合。通过分析J2项摄动和大气阻力摄动的长期影响,研究了异构多星编队的相对运动衍化规律,提出了主从形式的脉冲偏置控制,能够有效保持针对异构多星编队设计的编队构型。通过面质比异构的四星编队控制仿真,验证了脉冲偏置控制形式下异构多星编队构型保持控制方法的有效性。     

电磁航天器编队悬停鲁棒协同控制方法

针对电磁航天器编队近地轨道悬停问题,提出一种在缺少参考轨道准确信息时的协同控制方法。用TH方程描述航天器间的相对运动,选择与参考轨道同周期的圆轨道为标称轨道。将参考轨道相对于标称圆轨道的偏差、地球非球形引力、大气阻力及其他天体引力等参数单独归类,视其为不确定量,构成不确定系统。通过引入一致性理论,在电磁作用模型和动力学方程均存在不确定性的条件下,针对航天器编队悬停的目标设计了鲁棒协同控制律。考虑能量消耗最优和均衡以及轨道姿态解耦,给出了通过优化进行磁矩配置的方案。仿真结果表明,所设计的鲁棒协同控制律能够实现编队电磁航天器高精度悬停,所给出的磁矩配置方案能够实现磁矩的合理分配。      

电磁航天器编队位置跟踪自适应协同控制

通过引入一致性理论针对电磁航天器编队相对位置协同控制问题设计了自适应协同控制器。分析了电磁航天器编队的基本原理,建立了电磁航天器编队相对运动精确的非线性动力学方程。基于电磁力远场计算模型的不确定性,对相对运动动力学模型进行了修正。在电磁力计算模型不确定和航天器间存在通信时延的条件下,对位置跟踪控制的目标设计了自适应协同控制器。考虑到电磁航天器磁矩产生能力的不同,给出了通过优化进行磁矩分配的方案。通过仿真表明:所设计的自适应协同控制器不仅实现了对期望轨迹的准确跟踪,而且相比人工势函数法,暂态维持编队构型的能力提高了4.9倍,并且所给出的磁矩分配方案实现了磁矩的合理分配。     

电磁航天器编队动力学建模与运动规划方法

基于电磁航天器作用原理,利用拉格朗日方法,建立电磁航天器“绳系”动力学模型.基于偏差线性化动力学模型,以切向、径向编队为例,分析编队构型保持稳定性,设计构型保持控制律;将双星电磁航天器编队(EMFF,Electromagnetic Formation Flight)重构运动规划问题转化为标准优化问题,利用高斯伪谱优化方法进行求解.并提出序列控制策略,将该双星模型扩展应用于多星电磁编队构型重构问题,转化为多阶段运动规划问题利用多阶段优化方法进行求解.仿真结果表明本文的动力学建模方法和控制方法是可行的.      

利用人工势函数法的卫星电磁编队控制

卫星电磁编队是指利用卫星之间相互作用的电磁力进行卫星相对运动控制,对控制律的要求主要是计算量小和能避免碰撞.以目标星对参考星的相对运动矢量作为控制对象,分析了使用电磁力控制卫星编队的可行性,结果是如果编队卫星磁矩能够任意控制,那么卫星相对运动也能完全控制.设计了人工势函数,以相对位置和相对速度矢量作为变量,人工势函数在达到控制目标时为最小值,在碰撞的位置具有局部最大值.设计的控制律能够实时调整控制参数,能够保证电磁线圈控制电流不至于饱和,以及人工势函数导数在控制过程中小于零.仿真表明,所设计的控制律能生成编队构型并避免碰撞,而且具有一定的抗干扰性.     

Prospects of de-tumbling large space debris using a two-satellite electromagnetic formation

Capturing large space debris with complex rotational motion is extremely challenging. A de-tumbling phase before capturing may be necessary to reduce the risk of collision with debris. This paper proposes a new noncontact de-tumbling method using a two-satellite electromagnetic formation, in which two small electromagnetic satellites, each having a high-temperature superconducting coil, generate control torques to reduce the rotation rate of debris prior to making any physical contact. The electromagnetic interaction of the target-satellite system is analyzed. A relative translational dynamics of the target–satellite system and the attitude dynamics of the target are established. Simulation results show that the proposed method effectively eliminates the rotational motion of the target. It can be safely concluded that the noncontact method for de-tumbling space debris using a two-satellite electromagnetic formation is feasible and potentially applicable to on-orbit capture.     

多导弹协同攻击编队非线性最优控制器设计

针对多导弹协同攻击编队控制问题,采用仿射非线性系统最优控制理论设计了基于领弹-从弹法的多导弹编队控制器.首先采用基于微分几何理论的非线性系统精确线性化方法,将导弹非线性运动模型线性化;然后根据从弹、领弹间的相对运动关系,给出了包含领弹运动信息和队形信息的从弹期望轨迹,建立了基于从弹跟踪误差向量的系统状态方程;最后采用基于稳态解的黎卡提矩阵微分方程求解方法解决最优控制问题,设计了从弹的三维非线性编队控制器;仿真结果表明所设计的控制器能够在领弹机动地情况下快速、稳定地实现编队队形的形成和保持.      

航天器受迫绕飞构型设计与控制

针对航天器在轨服务任务对绕飞技术的要求,研究了航天器受迫绕飞构型设计和控制问题。基于C-W(Clohessy-Wiltshire)方程的解析解,提出了双水滴拼接绕飞构型,并将单脉冲或双脉冲受迫绕飞延展至多脉冲绕飞构型设计;推导了伴随航天器初始状态变量与绕飞构型形状参数的关系,得到了4种构型的解析表达式和脉冲控制策略。通过数值仿真算例验证了设计的4种绕飞构型能够实现伴随航天器的慢速绕飞和快速绕飞,比较了不同绕飞构型的燃料消耗和绕飞距离误差。数值结果表明,双水滴拼接绕飞构型总脉冲最小。研究成果完善了航天器受迫绕飞构型设计与控制的相关理论,为工程应用提供参考。     

滑翔再入飞行器横侧向耦合姿态控制策略

针对气动舵面仅为两片体襟翼的欠驱动构型可重复使用运载器(RLV)再入过程中的强耦合现象,提出一种基于此类布局飞行器耦合特性的横侧向控制策略。在分析惯性耦合、运动耦合和稳定性耦合的产生机理与规避方式的基础上,计算标称轨迹下的急滚稳定边界并将倾侧角指令速率限制在此边界内以稳定惯性耦合;针对现有的荷兰滚模态预测式不适用于此布局飞行器的问题推导出一种新的荷兰滚运动预判方法,并根据预判结果设计控制增益。最终得到低动压下体襟翼-反作用力控制系统(RCS)复合控制策略和高动压下体襟翼单独作用的横侧向耦合控制策略。六自由度(6-DOF)仿真结果表明该控制策略能很好地跟踪制导指令并且能最大限度利用气动舵面以减少RCS燃料的消耗。      

微小卫星编队飞行解析构型维持控制方法

编队构型维持是卫星编队飞行的基础.J2摄动和大气阻力是影响近地轨道卫星编队构型的主要摄动力,通常导致星间相对速度的长期变化,从而造成编队构型发生漂移.本文针对近地轨道卫星编队飞行,基于平均化的思想,采用平均相对速度表示编队构型漂移率,推导了平均相对速度与脉冲速度增量之间的解析表达式.通过引入平均相对加速度,将摄动力下的相对运动等效为匀变速直线运动.将其与单边极限环控制方法结合,提出一种基于星间测距信息的解析构型维持控制策略.仿真结果表明,该解析算法简单有效,易于工程实现,尤其适合微小卫星的星间自主控制.      

基于摄动能量匹配条件的椭圆参考轨道伴飞构型设计

针对.J2摄动下椭圆参考轨道的稳定伴飞问题,提出了.J2摄动下的能量匹配条件,给出了迹向相对速度和径向相对位置的迭代设计方法,并设计了一种新的椭圆参考轨道伴飞构型.在此基础上,利用J2摄动下的能量匹配条件给出了计算伴飞初始相对状态的方法,并基于拉格朗日乘子法给出了位置保持脉冲的解析表达式,以获得形成稳定伴飞的初始相对状态和位置保持脉冲.仿真表明满足摄动能量匹配条件能形成稳定的伴飞构型,采用新的伴飞构型及其设计方法能明显减小分离距离的设计偏差.     

Optimal spacecraft formation establishment and reconfiguration propelled by the geomagnetic Lorentz force

The Lorentz force acting on an electrostatically charged spacecraft as it moves through the planetary magnetic field could be utilized as propellantless electromagnetic propulsion for orbital maneuvering, such as spacecraft formation establishment and formation reconfiguration. By assuming that the Earth’s magnetic field could be modeled as a tilted dipole located at the center of Earth that corotates with Earth, a dynamical model that describes the relative orbital motion of Lorentz spacecraft is developed. Based on the proposed dynamical model, the energy-optimal open-loop trajectories of control inputs, namely, the required specific charges of Lorentz spacecraft, for Lorentz-propelled spacecraft formation establishment or reconfiguration problems with both fixed and free final conditions constraints are derived via Gauss pseudospectral method. The effect of the magnetic dipole tilt angle on the optimal control inputs and the relative transfer trajectories for formation establishment or reconfiguration is also investigated by comparisons with the results derived from a nontilted dipole model. Furthermore, a closed-loop integral sliding mode controller is designed to guarantee the trajectory tracking in the presence of external disturbances and modeling errors. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved by a Lyapunov-based approach. Numerical simulations are presented to verify the validity of the proposed open-loop control methods and demonstrate the performance of the closed-loop controller. Also, the results indicate the dipole tilt angle should be considered when designing control strategies for Lorentz-propelled spacecraft formation establishment or reconfiguration.     

Spacecraft fuel-optimal and balancing maneuvers for a class of formation reconfiguration problems

This paper presents fuel optimal and balancing methodologies for reconfiguring multiple spacecraft in formation subject to a Newtonian gravity field. For a kind of continuous-thrust propulsion system, a fuel-optimal control problem is formulated to minimize the integral squared control subject to the linearized Hill or Clohessy–Wiltshire dynamics of relative motion with respect to a circular reference orbit. Palmer’s analytical solution for general reconfiguration is adapted to maneuvers between projected circular orbits, resulting in the optimal fuel consumption index as a function of configuration parameters such as orbit radius, phase angle, and transfer time. Parametric analyses reveal unique characteristics of individual fuel optimality and gross fuel consumption: for an arbitrary selection of initial/terminal orbit radii, (i) there exist special transfer times such that individual fuel consumption is optimally uniform for all phase angles, and (ii) the total fuel expenditure for a group of three or more spacecraft is invariant for the relatively same configuration with respect to the departure phase. These results serve to effectively design fuel balancing strategies for formation reconfiguration of multiple spacecraft.     

末端制导飞行轨迹的仿真与试飞

提出了战斗机完成制导装置末端制导阶段飞行轨迹的仿真和试飞方法.末端制导阶段的飞行轨迹要求进入段尽可能减小高度损失,并在俯冲段满足精确的轨迹跟踪.采用6自由度全量非线性方程,考虑纵向和横航向运动的相互耦合关系,通过对飞机的高速度、大俯冲角、大落差飞行全过程进行仿真研究,分析了3种利用滚转操纵进入俯冲的情况,获得了满足高精度飞行轨迹的操纵方案,即在进入段,先操纵副翼使滚转角接近180°,拉杆使俯冲角满足轨迹要求后,再反向操纵副翼使飞机正飞进入俯冲.通过飞行试验验证了方案的合理性和有效性.研究表明:该方法在保证飞行安全的前提下,提高了飞行轨迹精度和试飞效率.     

Neural network-based sliding mode control for atmospheric-actuated spacecraft formation using switching strategy

This paper presents an adaptive neural networks-based control method for spacecraft formation with coupled translational and rotational dynamics using only aerodynamic forces. It is assumed that each spacecraft is equipped with several large flat plates. A coupled orbit-attitude dynamic model is considered based on the specific configuration of atmospheric-based actuators. For this model, a neural network-based adaptive sliding mode controller is implemented, accounting for system uncertainties and external perturbations. To avoid invalidation of the neural networks destroying stability of the system, a switching control strategy is proposed which combines an adaptive neural networks controller dominating in its active region and an adaptive sliding mode controller outside the neural active region. An optimal process is developed to determine the control commands for the plates system. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved by a Lyapunov-based method. Comparative results through numerical simulations illustrate the effectiveness of executing attitude control while maintaining the relative motion, and higher control accuracy can be achieved by using the proposed neural-based switching control scheme than using only adaptive sliding mode controller.     

皮纳卫星编队保持动力学分析

针对皮纳卫星在编队飞行中的控制精度要求已提高到微米甚至纳米级,文章研究了小推力作用下高精度的皮纳卫星编队构型保持问题,在考虑摄动影响下,推导维持编队构型需要的控制力与编队距离、编队空间方位等参数之间的关系,为皮纳卫星编队构型的设计提供理论指导;同时基于bang-bang控制理论,使用有限状态机设计了一种高精度的编队控制律。仿真表明,提出的控制方法不但可以使系统快速收敛,同时还能使皮纳卫星编队的星间控制精度达到1 μm,与滑模控制律相比较,精度提高近10³倍。     

Matching trajectory optimization and nonlinear tracking control for HALE

This paper concerns optimal trajectory generation and nonlinear tracking control for stratospheric airship platform of VIA-200. To compensate for the mismatch between the point-mass model of optimal trajectory and the 6-DOF model of the nonlinear tracking problem, a new matching trajectory optimization approach is proposed. The proposed idea reduces the dissimilarity of both problems and reduces the uncertainties in the nonlinear equations of motion for stratospheric airship. In addition, its refined optimal trajectories yield better results under jet stream conditions during flight. The resultant optimal trajectories of VIA-200 are full three-dimensional ascent flight trajectories reflecting the realistic constraints of flight conditions and airship performance with and without a jet stream. Finally, 6-DOF nonlinear equations of motion are derived, including a moving wind field, and the vectorial backstepping approach is applied. The desirable tracking performance is demonstrated that application of the proposed matching optimization method enables the smooth linkage of trajectory optimization to tracking control problems.     

基于分段常值推力的水滴悬停构型控制策略

针对航天器编队飞行任务对相对运动控制的要求,研究了在分段常值推力控制下航天器受迫绕飞构型的设计与控制问题。首先,基于脉冲控制下的水滴悬停构型,提出了多段常值推力控制实现水滴悬停构型的打靶方程;将打靶方程转化为求解极值问题,采用最小二乘法来求解;分析了一段常值推力可行性。然后,以连续常值小推力控制方程为基础,推导了小邻域定理,分析了近距离相对运动条件下两段常值推力控制的可行性;针对可能出现求解精度差的问题,提出了小推力增量方程来修正精度,并证明在靠近理想解的情况下多次迭代可以趋近于理想解。最后,通过数值仿真实现常值小推力控制下的水滴悬停相对运动。数值仿真结果表明常值小推力控制策略可行,研究成果完善了航天器受迫绕飞构型设计与控制的相关理论,为工程应用提供参考。