Development of simultaneous imaging polarimeter for asteroids

We are currently developing a polarimeter to study surface physical properties of asteroids. To enhance polarimetric accuracy and observational efficiency, we newly devised the polarimeter whose measurements can provide the two Stokes parameters Q and U, simultaneously. The test-observations of the prototype polarimeter have been carried out in December 2003 and January 2004, mounted on the 101 cm telescope at Bisei Astronomical Observatory, Okayama, Japan. In the observations, unpolarized and polarized standard stars were observed to measure an instrumental polarization and its uncertainty. As a result, an instrumental polarization of 5.06 ± 0.18% has been measured.     

非线性效应对重力波特性的影响

通过分析二维情况下重力波波包在等温大气中非线性传播的数值模拟结果,对非线性效应对重力波特性的影响做了定量分析。分析结果表明;重力波在非线性传播过程中,一方面由于非线性作用,随着波振幅的增加,垂直波长减小,同时平流成份增加;另一方面,尽管存在非线性效应,线性重力波的色散关系与偏振关系仍然适用。     

Polarimetric shapes of spectral lines in solar observations

A century has elapsed since the first observation of the polarimetric profile of a line of the solar spectrum. Since then, dramatic progress has been made in the instrumentation, which is now reaching unprecedented levels of sensitivity in the measurement of polarization signals in solar spectral lines. At the same time, the theoretical framework needed for the interpretation of polarimetric observations has steadily evolved from the pioneering methods, based on simple formulae, to the sophisticated structure that is nowadays used with success in the interpretation of solar observations. The present paper is intended to give a historical perspective of the evolution of this research field and of its major achievements, with particular emphasis on the role played by the magnetic field in determining the polarimetric shapes of spectral lines.     

低纬Pc3地磁脉动的多台观测

利用长春、北京、兰州三个低纬地区台站的地磁脉动观测资料,对低纬地区(1.21≤L≤1.43)Pc3脉动的频谱特性和偏振特性做了对比分析,并对低纬Pc3脉动的激发机制和传播过程进行了讨论。     

Polarization pattern of low and mid-frequency magnetic pulsations in the polar cap: A comprehensive analysis at Terra Nova Bay (Antarctica)

The polarization pattern of ULF pulsations (f ≈ 1–100 mHz) at Terra Nova Bay (Antarctica, CGM λ ∼ 80°) has been determined for the entire 2003, soon after the solar maximum. A comparison with the results of previous investigations, conducted at the same station close to the solar minimum (1994–96), allows to focus common elements and major differences among different frequency bands which persist through the entire solar cycle. Basically, between f ∼ 1.5 and 5 mHz, the day can be divided into four sectors with alternate polarizations. The local time and latitudinal dependence of the observed pattern can be tentatively interpreted in terms of a latitude of resonant field lines reaching λ ∼ 80° in the noon sector; on the other hand, resonance effects of lower latitude field lines can be clearly identified also far from the noon meridian when the station moves into the deep polar cap. Moreover, in the morning sector the resonance region would extend to lower latitudes than in the evening sector. The proposed profile of the resonant region can interpret also the results obtained at other cusp/auroral stations and appears consistent with that one inferred in the northern hemisphere at smaller latitudes. The resonance region progressively shifts toward lower latitude with increasing frequency; correspondingly, the four-sector pattern progressively disappears at TNB. Above f ∼ 20 mHz, the experimental observations might suggest an additional contribution from Sunward propagating waves, possibly via the magnetotail lobes.     

电离层峰区的等离子体漂移

根据垂测数据、利用伺服模式讨论了中低纬上空电离层峰区等离子体垂直漂移速度的日变化形态及其随不同季节和不同纬度等的变化规律。揭示了漂移速度的凌晨凹陷与日出凸起现象,指出了可能的形成机制。     

对卫星网络轨道／频率协调中若干问题的探讨

以国际电联的相关建议为基础,就卫星网络轨道及频率协调中所碰到的若干问题,诸如天线增益,极化隔离,雨衰及ＳＣＰＣ保护比,给出了合理及可实现的估算方法,同时强调了功率密度在不同的应用场合,常有不同的定义方式。     

拱形法中收发天线杂散耦合对测试结果的影响

针对 1～ 5GHz频段 ,从收发天线之间的杂散耦合分析入手 ,对射频吸波材料拱形法测试系统的具体测试方法进行了研究。按照电磁波入射角和极化方式的差异 ,测量具体吸波材料在不同距离上反射系数的起伏 ,探讨了该系统测量误差的成因。     

耦合模式偏振模色散传递标准的研制

波片堆作为理想的耦合模式传递标准已被国外许多著名校准机构采用。对采用波片堆研制偏振模色散传递标准的原因,及其设计、制备和装配的全过程进行了叙述;并对其研制过程中遇到的技术难点和解决方法进行了介绍;最后简述了波片堆偏振模色散传递标准的适用性和实验结果。     

相关原理对时频测量的贡献

相关原理广泛应用于时间频率测量领域,基于自相关和互相关的理论改进测量系统或装置的性能,完善频率测量的方法,从而提高时间频率测量的精度。本文就相关原理在改善频域测量的方法和提高时刻比对的分辨力上所做的贡献进行了简要介绍和分析。     

GNSS-Reflectometry: Forest canopies polarization scattering properties and modeling

Nowadays, GNSS-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) can be a new promising remote sensing tool in the ocean, snow/ice and land surfaces, e.g., vegetation biomass monitoring. Although GNSS-R provides a potentially special L-band multi-angular and multi-polarization measurement, the theoretical vegetation scattering properties and mechanisms for GNSS-R are not understood clearly. In this paper, the GNSS-R vegetation polarization scattering properties are studied and modeled at different incidence angles (specular direction). The bistatic scattering model Bi-mimics is employed, which is the first-order radiative transfer equation. As a kind of forest stand, the Aspen’s crown layer is composed of entire leaves, and its parameters in Mimics handbook are used as model input. The specular circular polarizations (co-polarization RR and cross-polarization LR) are simulated. For cross-polarization, the received polarization is assumed as a linear (horizontal and vertical) polarizations and ±45° linear polarizations. Therefore, the HR VR, +45R and −45R polarizations are simulated here. Contributions from different scattering components at RR, LR and VR polarization are also presented. For co-polarization, it is large in the whole specular angles (10–80°). The scattering trends of the other cross polarization (HR, LR, +45R and −45R) are a little similar when compared to the RR and RV. Therefore, the RHCP and V polarizations are more favorable to collect the reflected signals. The trunk heights and crown depths do not affect the scattering trends of RR, RV and RL, while the trunk height has some effect on the scattering amplitude of different polarizations. The azimuth angle has more effects on RR, RL and RV scattering, especially in lower than 50°. The observation angles and polarization combinations are extremely important for GNSS-R remote sensing.     

关于球形导体外部倾斜赫芝振子辐射场的探讨

本文给出球形导体倾斜赫芝振子辐射场的线极化与圆极化分量表达式,并进行计算,示出典型剖面内的各分量方向图。由此可进一步分析球形导体上线状天线的辐射特性。     

对空间业务极化方式选择的考虑

回顾世界无线电通信大会对卫星广播业务规划修改的历程,并以国际电联的相关建议为基础,通过对实例的分析、比较,认为空间业务极化方式的选择应综合考虑载波的传输特性、空间业务的继承性、《无线电规则》的相关条款、是否有利于网络的兼容性以及易于用户接收设备的安装等因素。     

极区中层惯性重力波的VHF雷达观测

本文采用ＳＯＵＳＹＶＨＦ雷达１９８７年６月在挪威Ａｎｄｏｐｖａ（６９°Ｎ，１０°Ｅ）的观测数据，研究中层惯性重力波的传播特征．几个周期为数小时的准单色波例子，在垂直方向上有确定的相位移动，表明它们是惯性内重力波．通过分析波相关的流体速度东向和北向分量的变化，获得水平传播矢量的大小和方向，它们与中层高度上典型的观测值一致．同时还观察到三个等相面上行的惯性重力波，其速度偏振椭圆是逆时针旋转的．波相关的扰动速度为１５－４０ｍ／ｓ，说明在中层存在强烈的向下的能量传输．估算出它的运动学参量，周期为数小时，垂直相速度在０．ｌ—０．６ｍ／ｓ之间，垂直波长约为６．０ｋｍ．     

新型宽带宽波束圆极化卫星导航终端天线的设计与实现

卫星通信与卫星定位系统的应用发展,对终端设备天线的性能提出了更高的应用需求。为实现宽频带宽波束圆极化天线的设计,采用正交移相馈电网络对含有背腔的交叉偶极子天线馈电,实现了宽带圆极化单向辐射特性,同时利用磁电偶极子对交叉偶极子进行加载,展宽了天线的波束宽度,促使天线在50.7%的相对带宽内S11＜-10dB,在1.3~1.75GHz的频带内轴比小于3dB,轴比小于3dB的圆极化波束宽度可达180°,增益不小于6.6dB。经实测验证,所设计的天线具有宽频带宽波束特性,同时具有结构紧凑、性能稳定的优点,适用于卫星通信与导航终端系统。     

北斗卫星导航空间信号模拟畸变研究

针对卫星导航信号生成载荷故障会导致信号畸变,对北斗卫星导航信号模拟进行了研究分析。首先,建立了北斗导航信号模拟畸变的数学模型并对其进行了理论分析;其次,推导了北斗信号发生模拟畸变后的相关函数、功率谱密度函数和相关损耗,并仿真分析了北斗信号模拟畸变的相关峰曲线、功率谱密度曲线和相关损耗曲线;最后,利用S曲线及S曲线锁定点偏差的模型,仿真了北斗模拟畸变信号S曲线及S曲线锁定点偏差,并分析了北斗信号发生模拟畸变对测距性能产生的影响。结果表明：北斗信号发生模拟畸变的畸变程度越大,伪距测量误差越大,则导航系统的测距精度和定位精度越低,增强系统的完好性越小。     

北斗卫星导航空间信号模拟畸变研究

针对卫星导航信号生成载荷故障会导致信号畸变,对北斗卫星导航信号模拟进行了研究分析。首先,建立了北斗导航信号模拟畸变的数学模型并对其进行了理论分析;其次,推导了北斗信号发生模拟畸变后的相关函数、功率谱密度函数和相关损耗,并仿真分析了北斗信号模拟畸变的相关峰曲线、功率谱密度曲线和相关损耗曲线;最后,利用S曲线及S曲线锁定点偏差的模型,仿真了北斗模拟畸变信号S曲线及S曲线锁定点偏差,并分析了北斗信号发生模拟畸变对测距性能产生的影响。结果表明：北斗信号发生模拟畸变的畸变程度越大,伪距测量误差越大,则导航系统的测距精度和定位精度越低,增强系统的完好性越小。     

卫星天线极化向量的跟踪定向分析

卫星地球观测站跟踪观测卫星时,天线跟踪极化角方向相对星体坐标系下的极化倾角存在偏移,其偏差大小与观测点地理位置有关。为了更好地实现星地链路跟踪极化匹配,必须确定跟踪极化角。通过对卫星天线极化向量的坐标分解,采用坐标转换法,建立地球观测站天线坐标系中的天线极化倾角对卫星坐标系中极化角的定向关系。基于上述转换关系,通过编程计算,可以对任意线极化信号相对任意观测位置的跟踪极化倾角进行定量分析。     

Exoplanetary searches with gravitational microlensing: Polarization issues

There are different methods for finding exoplanets such as radial spectral shifts, astrometrical measurements, transits, timing etc. Gravitational microlensing (including pixel-lensing) is among the most promising techniques with the potentiality of detecting Earth-like planets at distances about a few astronomical units from their host star or near the so-called snow line with a temperature in the range 0–100 ^°C on a solid surface of an exoplanet. We emphasize the importance of polarization measurements which can help to resolve degeneracies in theoretical models. In particular, the polarization angle could give additional information about the relative position of the lens with respect to the source.