共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Bao-Jun Pang Dong-Fang Wang Wei-Ke Xiao Bin-Bin Lu 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2021,67(8):2274-2281
The availability of engineering models to estimate the risk from space debris is essential for space missions. According to current research, cumulative flux calculation is mostly carried out based on the equal-width interval discretization. The method discretizes the volume around the Earth into cells defined in earth centered inertial coordinates. The resulting debris flux onto a target object is shown to depend on the chosen size of the cells. To avoid a discretization error, this must be accounted for. In order to present reliable flux predictions for space mission, the algorithm improvement is an ongoing topic for the related research field. The aim of this study was to examine the discretization error during the cumulative flux determination process. Both the effect of interval step length and the orbital boundary are under investigation. Several typical orbits are selected as examples here and the 2018/01/03 TLE (Two Line Element) data published by the US Space Surveillance Network is used as the debris background in this paper. Furthermore, the Interval Distance-Based method for Discretization (IDD) is adopted in this paper. A position-centered flux determination method is introduced based on the IDD method. According to the example analysis, the IDD used in the flux calculation process provides results which are less affected by the interval step-size setup; and the orbital boundary has no effect on the calculation process. In other words, the discretization error is significantly reduced. The position-centered method provided a possible suggestion for the improvement of space debris environment models. 相似文献
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D. Rex J. Bendisch P. Eichler J. Zhang 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1991,11(12):53-62
The paper gives an overview on the fields of debris research performed at the TUBS. The orbital debris flux of all objects larger than 1cm has been established and simulated by a mathematical model in the past mainly on the basis of simulating explosion fragments. However the flux in the millimeter and submillimeter size range seems to be largely influenced by collisions and their ejecta on high circular or on eccentric orbits. The angular distribution of the impact flux on targets at various altitudes and on various inclinations are presented. This angular distribution has also influence on the surface impact flux on a space station, where also the self shielding has to be considered. Results for the ISS are presented. The risk of impacts of larger not shieldable objects on a space station may become too high, so that collision avoidance manoeuvres must be envisaged, the feasibility of which using onboard detectors is discussed. 相似文献
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Sebastian Stabroth Maren Homeister Michael Oswald Carsten Wiedemann Heiner Klinkrad Peter Vörsmann 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008,41(7):1054-1062
The ESA space debris population model MASTER (Meteoroid and Space Debris Terrestrial Environment Reference) considers firings of solid rocket motors (SRM) as a debris source with the associated generation of slag and dust particles. The resulting slag and dust population is a major contribution to the sub-millimetre size debris environment in Earth orbit. The current model version, MASTER-2005, is based on the simulation of 1076 orbital SRM firings which contributed to the long-term debris environment. A comparison of the modelled flux with impact data from returned surfaces shows that the shape and quantity of the modelled SRM dust distribution matches that of recent Hubble Space Telescope (HST) solar array measurements very well. However, the absolute flux level for dust is under-predicted for some of the analysed Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) surfaces. This points into the direction of some past SRM firings not included in the current event database. The most suitable candidates for these firings are the large number of SRM retro-burns of return capsules. Objects released by those firings have highly eccentric orbits with perigees in the lower regions of the atmosphere. Thus, they produce no long-term effect on the debris environment. However, a large number of those firings during the on-orbit time frame of LDEF might lead to an increase of the dust population for some of the LDEF surfaces. In this paper, the influence of SRM retro-burns on the short- and long-term debris environment is analysed. The existing firing database is updated with gathered information of some 800 Russian retro-firings. Each firing is simulated with the MASTER population generation module. The resulting population is compared against the existing background population of SRM slag and dust particles in terms of spatial density and flux predictions. 相似文献
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Li Yi-yong Shen Huai-rongLi Zhi 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2009
Space debris is polluting the space environment. Collision fragment is its important source. NASA standard breakup model, including size distributions, area-to-mass distributions, and delta velocity distributions, is a statistic experimental model used widely. The general algorithm based on the model is introduced. But this algorithm is difficult when debris quantity is more than hundreds or thousands. So a new faster algorithm for calculating debris cloud orbital lifetime and character from spacecraft collision breakup is presented first. For validating the faster algorithm, USA 193 satellite breakup event is simulated and compared with general algorithm. Contrast result indicates that calculation speed and efficiency of faster algorithm is very good. When debris size is in 0.01–0.05 m, the faster algorithm is almost a hundred times faster than general algorithm. And at the same time, its calculation precision is held well. The difference between corresponding orbital debris ratios from two algorithms is less than 1% generally. 相似文献
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Gerhard Drolshagen 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008,41(7):1123-1131
When the impact risk from meteoroids and orbital debris is assessed the main concern is usually structural damage. With their high impact velocities of typically 10–20 km/s millimeter or centimeter sized objects can puncture pressure vessels and other walls or lead to destruction of complete subsystems or even whole spacecraft. Fortunately chances of collisions with such larger objects are small (at least at present). However, particles in the size range 1–100 μm are far more abundant than larger objects and every orbiting spacecraft will encounter them with certainty. Every solar cell (8 cm2 area) of the Hubble Space Telescope encountered on average 12 impacts during its 8.25 years of space exposure. Most were from micron sized particles. 相似文献
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Apparent rotation properties of space debris extracted from photometric measurements 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jiří Šilha Jean-Noël Pittet Michal Hamara Thomas Schildknecht 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2018,61(3):844-861
Knowledge about the rotation properties of space debris objects is essential for the active debris removal missions, accurate re-entry predictions and to investigate the long-term effects of the space environment on the attitude motion change. Different orbital regions and object’s physical properties lead to different attitude states and their change over time.Since 2007 the Astronomical Institute of the University of Bern (AIUB) performs photometric measurements of space debris objects. To June 2016 almost 2000 light curves of more than 400 individual objects have been acquired and processed. These objects are situated in all orbital regions, from low Earth orbit (LEO), via global navigation systems orbits and high eccentricity orbit (HEO), to geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO). All types of objects were observed including the non-functional spacecraft, rocket bodies, fragmentation debris and uncorrelated objects discovered during dedicated surveys. For data acquisition, we used the 1-meter Zimmerwald Laser and Astrometry Telescope (ZIMLAT) at the Swiss Optical Ground Station and Geodynamics Observatory Zimmerwald, Switzerland. We applied our own method of phase-diagram reconstruction to extract the apparent rotation period from the light curve. Presented is the AIUB’s light curve database and the obtained rotation properties of space debris as a function of object type and orbit. 相似文献
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Jhonathan O. Murcia Piñeros Walter Abrahão dos Santos Antônio F.B.A. Prado 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2021,67(2):902-918
It is estimated that more than 22,300 human-made objects are in orbit around the Earth, with a total mass above 8,400,000 kg. Around 89% of these objects are non-operational and without control, which makes them to be considered orbital debris. These numbers consider only objects with dimensions larger than 10 cm. Besides those numbers, there are also about 2000 operational satellites in orbit nowadays. The space debris represents a hazard to operational satellites and to the space operations. A major concern is that this number is growing, due to new launches and particles generated by collisions. Another important point is that the development of CubeSats has increased exponentially in the last years, increasing the number of objects in space, mainly in the Low Earth Orbits (LEO). Due to the short operational time, CubeSats boost the debris population. One of the requirements for space debris mitigation in LEO is the limitation of the orbital lifetime of the satellites, which needs to be lower than 25 years. However, there are space debris with longer estimated decay time. In LEÓs, the influence of the atmospheric drag is the main orbital perturbation, and is used in maneuvers to increment the losses in the satellite orbital energy, to locate satellites in constellations and to accelerate the decay.The goal of the present research is to study the influence of aerodynamic rotational maneuver in the CubeSat?s orbital lifetime. The rotational axis is orthogonal to the orbital plane of the CubeSat, which generates variations in the ballistic coefficient along the trajectory. The maneuver is proposed to accelerate the decay and to mitigate orbital debris generated by non-operational CubeSats. The panel method is selected to determine the drag coefficient as a function of the flow incident angle and the spinning rate. The pressure distribution is integrated from the satellite faces at hypersonic rarefied flow to calculate the drag coefficient. The mathematical model considers the gravitational potential of the Earth and the deceleration due to drag. To analyze the effects of the rotation during the decay, multiple trajectories were propagated, comparing the results obtained assuming a constant drag coefficient with trajectories where the drag coefficient changes periodically. The initial perigees selected were lower than 400 km of altitude with eccentricities ranging from 0.00 to 0.02. Six values for the angular velocity were applied in the maneuver. The technique of rotating the spacecraft is an interesting solution to increase the orbit decay of a CubeSat without implementing additional de-orbit devices. Significant changes in the decay time are presented due to the increase of the mean drag coefficient calculated by the panel method, when the maneuver is applied, reducing the orbital lifetime, however the results are independent of the angular velocity of the satellite. 相似文献
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空间在轨物体的轨道异常是航天工程及预警领域普遍关注的问题,及时发现轨道异常意义重大,通过分析空间物体的轨道异常,可以及时发现和识别规避事件或碰撞事件,还可以了解监测网的能力.本文提出一种基于TLE数据的简单的轨道异常分析方法——长半轴变化法.该方法快速有效,应用到低轨在用卫星和美俄解体碎片的异常分析中,异常物体正确识别率可达到100%;对美俄解体碎片进行轨道异常分析后得出,美国空间监视网可以稳定探测90%以上的解体碎片. 相似文献
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Althea V. Moorhead Mark Matney 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2021,67(1):384-392
Orbital debris is known to pose a substantial threat to Earth-orbiting spacecraft at certain altitudes. For instance, the orbital debris flux near Sun-synchronous altitudes of 600–800 km is particularly high due in part to the 2007 Fengyun-1C anti-satellite test and the 2009 Iridium-Kosmos collision. At other altitudes, however, the orbital debris population is minimal and the primary impactor population is not man-made debris particles but naturally occurring meteoroids. While the spacecraft community has some awareness of the risk posed by debris, there is a common misconception that orbital debris impacts dominate the risk at all locations. In this paper, we present a damage-limited comparison between meteoroids and orbital debris near the Earth for a range of orbital altitude and inclination, using NASA’s latest models for each environment. Overall, orbital debris dominates the impact risk between altitudes of 600 and 1300 km, while meteoroids dominate below 270 km and above 4800 km. 相似文献
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《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2005,35(7):1214-1225
There are challenges associated with optical observations of Earth-orbiting objects that are at, or near, the limit of detection using terrestrial space surveillance sensors. These challenges include observing small objects not just for statistical purposes, but also with enough frequency and accuracy to move them into satellite catalogs, to provide the capability to routinely observe and characterize smaller objects, and to develop the capability to observe the satellite positions with increased accuracy. Until recently, ground-based observers could easily have mistaken such small objects as debris. Given the current pace of small satellite development, it may not be much longer before operational spacecraft of even smaller size are launched. AMOS is currently developing techniques to observe and characterize these small spacecraft, and applying those techniques to orbital debris. 相似文献
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给出一种基于实验和理论分析的航天器碎片防护结构简化设计方法 ,该方法可用于进行大型空间飞行器碎片防护结构的方案选择和初步结构设计。利用空间碎片的工程环境模型和防护结构几何经验公式 ,采用“设计碎片”的概念 ,对防护结构进行几何结构设计和质量估算 ,并采用改进的防护性能验证算法进行空间碎片的风险评估。通过对惠式防护结构的计算 ,得到的计算结果基本符合实际要求。 相似文献
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Joel E. Williamsen William P. Schonberg Alan B. Jenkin 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
One of the primary mission risks tracked in the development of all spacecraft is that due to micro-meteoroids and orbital debris (MMOD). Both types of particles, especially those larger than 0.1 mm in diameter, contain sufficient kinetic energy due to their combined mass and velocities to cause serious damage to crew members and spacecraft. The process used to assess MMOD risk consists of three elements: environment, damage prediction, and damage tolerance. Orbital debris risk assessments for the Orion vehicle, as well as the Shuttle, Space Station and other satellites use ballistic limit equations (BLEs) that have been developed using high speed impact test data and results from numerical simulations that have used spherical projectiles. However, spheres are not expected to be a common shape for orbital debris; rather, orbital debris fragments might be better represented by other regular or irregular solids. In this paper we examine the general construction of NASA’s current orbital debris (OD) model, explore the potential variations in orbital debris mass and shape that are possible when using particle characteristic length to define particle size (instead of assuming spherical particles), and, considering specifically the Orion vehicle, perform an orbital debris risk sensitivity study taking into account variations in particle mass and shape as noted above. While the results of the work performed for this study are preliminary, they do show that continuing to use aluminum spheres in spacecraft risk assessments could result in an over-design of its MMOD protection systems. In such a case, the spacecraft could be heavier than needed, could cost more than needed, and could cost more to put into orbit than needed. The results obtained in this study also show the need to incorporate effects of mass and shape in mission risk assessment prior to first flight of any spacecraft as well as the need to continue to develop/refine BLEs so that they more accurately reflect the shape and material density variations inherent to the actual debris environment. 相似文献
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快速准确地分析空间碎片群轨道演化行为对于其他在轨航天器碰撞规避至关重要。在各摄动力的作用下,空间碎片群演化运动呈现出复杂的非线性特征。空间碎片群体个体数量巨大,如果通过对空间碎片群中每个空间碎片进行轨道积分来分析群体预报的方法会导致计算量过大。针对该问题,提出一种基于多项式近似的轨道快速预报分析方法。该方法将空间碎片群分为少量的标称碎片和其他大量关联碎片。针对标称碎片的轨道预报采用数值积分求解保证预报精度;而针对其他大量的关联碎片轨道预报问题,采用多项式泰勒展开半解析方法求解,从而在保证预报精度的前提下有效减少空间碎片群轨道预报的计算量。为了验证方法的有效性,对不同空间碎片群进行了轨道预报仿真。仿真结果表明,当轨道预报精度设定在1m范围内时,多项式近似算法的计算量较蒙特卡洛方法计算效率提高了2.2~17.2倍,验证了所提出方法的有效性。 相似文献