Pursuer identification and time-to-go estimation using passive measurements from an evader

We present an algorithm for identifying the parameters of a proportional navigation guidance missile (pursuer) pursuing an airborne target (evader) using angle-only measurements from the latter. This is done for the purpose of classifying the missile so that appropriate counter-measures can be taken. Mathematical models are constructed for a pursuer with a changing velocity, i.e., a direction change and a speed change. Assuming the pursuer is launched from the ground with fixed thrust, its motion can be described by a four-dimensional parameter vector consisting of its proportional navigation constant and three parameters related to thrusting. Consequently, the problem can be solved as a parameter estimation problem, rather than state estimation and we provide an estimator based on maximum likelihood (ML) to solve it. The parameter estimates obtained can be mapped into the time-to-go until intercept estimation results are presented for different scenarios together with the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB), which quantifies the best achievable estimation accuracy. The accuracy of the time-to-go estimate is also obtained. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed estimator is efficient by meeting the CRLB.     

高亚声速空腔绕流气动噪声特性研究

通过分析空腔底面中心线上声压级分布与不同测点声压频谱特性,着重研究了高亚声速空腔绕流的气动噪声特性。空腔模型长深比分别为6、10和15,自由来流马赫数为0.8,基于每米的雷诺数为1.55×107,测量的空腔前缘的边界层厚度为0.034m。结果表明:空腔后缘处于噪声产生区,声压级较高;闭式和过渡式空腔因深度较小,来流剪切层触及了空腔底面,干扰了从腔后壁向腔前壁的噪声反馈回路,限制了腔内流动自激振荡的形成;开式空腔深度较大,剪切层直接跨过空腔中部、撞击腔后壁,并产生强烈噪声,噪声从腔后壁通过空腔向前壁的反馈回路未受到干扰,故腔内流动出现自激振荡和多个声压峰值频率。     

Multiple target detection using modified high order correlations

This work is concerned with the problem of multiple target track detection in heavy clutter. Using the “modified high order correlation” (HOC) process and a track scoring mechanism a new method is developed to perform data association and track identification in the presence of heavy clutter. Using this new scheme any number of very close, crossing or splitting target tracks can be resolved without increasing the computational complexity of the algorithm. The applicability of the method for continuous detection of target tracks that can originate and terminate at any scan is also demonstrated, In addition, the operating characteristics as a function of the clutter density are also provided. Simulation results on all the cases are presented     

Dim target detection using high order correlation method

This work presents a method for clutter rejection and dim target track detection from infrared (IR) satellite data using neural networks. A high-order correlation method which recursively computes the spatio-temporal cross-correlations between data of several consecutive scans is developed. The implementation of this scheme using a connectionist network is presented. Several important properties of the high-order correlation method which indicate that the resultant filtered images capture all the target information are established. The simulation results obtained with this approach show at least 93% clutter rejection. Further improvement in the clutter rejection rate is achieved by modifying the high-order correlation method to incorporate the target motion dynamics. The implementation of this modified high-order correlation using a high-order neural network architecture is demonstrated. The simulation results indicate at least 97% clutter rejection rate for this method. A comparison is also made between the methods developed here and the conventional frequency domain three-dimensional (3-D) filtering scheme, and the simulation results are provided     

超声速空腔流激振荡与声学特性研究

基于高速风洞试验研究了超声速时空腔流激振荡与声学特性.试验马赫数为1.5,基于每米的雷诺数为2.26×107,来流边界层厚度为0.024 m,试验空腔长深比分别为15,12和6.结果表明:空腔内形成的剪切层与腔后壁相撞诱发腔内较强烈噪声,噪声从腔后缘向腔前缘传播时受到腔内流动的干扰,故同频率下腔后缘处的声压均高于腔前中部区域的声压.闭式和过渡式空腔长深比较大,剪切层与腔底面相撞在腔内形成的压缩波或激波,干扰了从腔内声波反馈回路、限制了流激振荡的形成,故腔内未出现明显的声压峰值激振频率;开式空腔长深比较小,剪切层直接跨过空腔中部与腔后壁相撞,产生的噪声向腔前缘传播,腔内形成流激振荡,并出现多个声压峰值激振频率.      

MEMS传感器测量平板表面摩擦应力高速风洞试验

采用两种热敏MEMS传感器阵列和一种电容式MEMS传感器,在FL-21风洞中开展了平板模型表面摩擦应力分布测量试验研究。试验马赫数（地）为0．3-0．6,试验雷诺数（Re）为（0．63-1．23）×10^7m^-1,模型迎角为0°。试验结果表明：平板模型边界层流动能量主要集中在1000Hz以内;试验测得的表面摩擦应力分布随Ma变化规律与可压缩层流／湍流估算值吻合较好;试验所用平板模型边界层流动转捩起始点位于距平板前缘160mm附近,终止点在距平板前缘202．5-242．5mm之间。     

BN/SiBCN light-leakage-proof coatings of silica optical fiber for long term sensors at high temperatures

SiBCN and BN/SiBCN light-leakage-proof coatings were prepared on silica optical fibers for sensing applications at high temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the surface morphology and microstructure of the coated fiber. Mechanical and optical properties of the coated fiber were characterized by Raman, optical and tensile tests. Compared with the original fiber, the tensile strength of SiBCN and BN/SiBCN coated fiber show an increase of about 60% and 90% at room temperature, respectively. In addition, the tensile strength of BN/SiBCN coated silica optical fiber was increased by about 42% at 700 °C. It has been found that the improvement of the strength of BN/SiBCN coated silica optical fiber is related to the healing of defects and residual compressive stress in fibers. From the light transmittance performance of the coated fiber, it was found that BN/SiBCN double coating could be an ideal total reflection solution to protect silica optical fiber from light leakage during high temperature sensing operation.     

Attitude determination using dedicated and nondedicatedmultiantenna GPS sensors

We show that the use of nondedicated Global Positioning System (GPS) sensors to determine the attitude parameters of a vessel yields the same level of performance as the use of a dedicated multiantenna receiver, namely an agreement of the order of 0.1° (1σ). The test platform is a survey launch operating at cruising speeds of 10 to 15 kt. The dedicated multiantenna receiver is a four-antenna Ashtech 3DF unit, while the nondedicated sensor array consists of three NovAtel GPSCard^TM receivers. The approach used to resolve the relative carrier phase integer ambiguities between the antennas is discussed and the use of antenna baseline constraints is analyzed. A least-squares procedure which utilizes all the position information from the antennas for the estimation of the attitude parameters and their accuracy is presented. The attitude determination results from the two configurations tested are intercompared     

超高速干气密封扰流效应及抑扰机制

干气密封在高速时优异的动压性能使其应用范围从传统的压缩机、离心机等中高速设备逐渐扩大到航空发动机、（微型）燃气轮机等超高速设备中。基于实际超高速工况特点,对转速范围为10 000~120 000 r/min时的干气密封性能进行了系统性仿真计算,结果发现：在一定几何参数和工况参数下,类似于气浮轴承的微振动现象,干气密封会出现疑似受气体压力波动流影响的开启力、泄漏量与转速非正相关变化的扰流现象,尤其在高压、大膜厚、小槽深时的扰流效应愈加显著;在转速持续增大过程中,干气密封微尺度流场会出现二次拐点现象,且一次拐点发生转速与设计参数有关,而二次拐点发生转速基本约为90 000 r/min。同时结合导流织构的设计思路,进一步研究了超高速下干气密封槽底导流织构的驱动导流效应,结果表明：加设导流织构后,承载效果明显提高,拐点发生工况延后且压力波动区域被压缩。表明导流织构具有良好的抑制扰流、维持开启力与转速持续正相关的作用,在此基础上,进一步阐释了导流织构的抑扰机制,以期为突破干气密封在超高速工况下的应用壁垒提供新思路。     

Maneuvering target tracking using IMM method at high measurementfrequency

The problem of tracking a maneuvering target with a high measurement frequency is considered. The measurement noise is significantly correlated when the measurement frequency is high. A simple decorrelation process is proposed to enhance the interacting multiple model (IMM) algorithm to track a maneuvering target with correlated measurement noise. It is found that the decorrelation process may improve system performance significantly, especially in velocity and acceleration estimations     

Full-polarization matched-illumination for target detection and identification

This paper investigates the optimization of the full-polarization radar transmission waveform and the receiver response to maximize either target detection or identification performance. Application of such full-polarization matched-illumination techniques to simulated VHF-band frequency response data of mobile surface targets yields a significant performance improvement over that corresponding to chirped full-polarization transmission waveforms.     

Acceleration sensors based modal identification and active vibration control of flexible smart cantilever plate

Some flexible appendages of spacecrafts, such as solar panels, are cantilever plate structures. Thus, vibration problem is unavoidable when there is slewing maneuver or external disturbance excitation. Vibration of such cantilever plate structures includes coupled bending and torsional motion. Furthermore, the low amplitude vibration near the equilibrium point is very difficult to be quickly suppressed due to nonlinear factors of the hardware in the system, which is harmful to stability and attitude control accuracy. To solve these problems, acceleration sensor-based modal identification and active vibration control methods are presented for the first two bending and the first two torsional modes vibration of the cantilever plate. Optimal placements of three acceleration sensors and PZT patches actuators are performed to decouple the bending and torsional vibration of such cantilever plate for sensing and actuating, and identifications are achieved by experiments. A nonlinear control method is presented to suppress both high and low amplitude vibrations of flexible smart cantilever plate significantly. Experimental comparison researches are conducted by using acceleration proportional feedback and the presented nonlinear control algorithms. The experimental results demonstrate that the presented acceleration sensor-based methods can suppress the vibration of cantilever plate effectively.     

低亚声速和跨声速矩形柱绕流的大涡模拟研究

采用基于非结构网格的有限体/有限元混合格式和大涡模拟的方法求解可压缩Navier-Stokes方程,研究了不同长宽比矩形柱低亚声速和跨声速绕流的流动特性。在雷诺数为22000时,对来流马赫数等于0.1和0.75,截面长宽比分别为1∶1、2∶1、3∶1和4∶1的矩形柱绕流进行了大涡模拟,以研究长宽比和压缩性对矩形柱绕流流场的影响。马赫数为0.1时,Strouhal数随着长宽比的增大先降低再增大然后再降低;长宽比为3∶1和4∶1时会有流动的再附产生;柱体上表面的三维特性在长宽比大时更明显。马赫数为0.75时,Strouhal数随着长宽比的增大逐渐减小;湍流脉动和涡脱落受到抑制;方柱的近尾迹区域,有两种形成机制不同的局部超声速区。     

基于PWM控制的开关磁阻电机中低速无位置传感器控制方法

无位置传感器的中低速运行控制是开关磁阻电机研究的难点问题。为实现中低速阶段对转子位置的连续估计,提出一种基于PWM控制的无位置传感器方法。该方法将开通关断角所对应的参考信号与高频三角载波进行交截,并将得到的PWM信号作为不对称半桥功率变换器的开关管驱动信号。通过对PWM信号进行频谱分析可知,该PWM注入方式等效于注入载波频率的高频正弦信号。然后,对电流信号进行滤波及坐标变换处理,解算出连续的转子位置信息。针对电感曲线正弦度不高的问题,通过移相相减的方法消除二次谐波,简化了位置估计过程。该方法无需额外注入高频正弦信号,易于工程实现,并具备高频信号注入法的精度。最后针对一台12/8结构样机,进行了相应的仿真和实验,验证了该方法的可行性。     

Lift coefficient prediction at high angle of attack using recurrent neural network

In this paper, identification of dynamic stall effect of rotor blade is considered. Recurrent Neural Networks have the ability to identify the nonlinear dynamical systems from training data. This paper describes the use of recurrent neural networks for predicting the coefficient of lift (C_Z) at high angle of attack. In our approach, the coefficient of lift (C_Z) obtained from the experimental results (wind tunnel data) at different mean angle of attack θ_mean is used to train the recurrent neural network. Then the recurrent neural network prediction is compared with experimental ONERA OA212 airfoil data. The time and space complexity required to predict C_Z in the proposed method is less and it is easy to incorporate in any commercially available rotor code.     

A new approach to robust fault detection and identification

A methodology for instrument fault detection and identification (FDI) in linear dynamical systems subject to plant parameter variations or uncertainties is presented. At the heart of this approach is a robust estimator for which the necessary and sufficient conditions to its existence are outlined. The robust estimator can simultaneously estimate the unmeasurable state variables of the system for the purpose of control and provide necessary information for FDI purposes. A novel feature of this approach is that it can actually identify the shape and magnitude of the failures. The scheme allows for fast and accurate FDI, and can account for structural uncertainties and variations in the parameters of the dynamical model of the system. The overall fault tolerant control system strategy proposed is verified through simulation studies performed on the control of a vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft in the vertical plane     

Unsteady aerodynamic modeling at high angles of attack using support vector machines

Accurate aerodynamic models are the basis of flight simulation and control law design.Mathematically modeling unsteady aerodynamics at high angles of attack bears great difficulties in model structure determination and parameter estimation due to little understanding of the flow mechanism.Support vector machines(SVMs)based on statistical learning theory provide a novel tool for nonlinear system modeling.The work presented here examines the feasibility of applying SVMs to high angle-of-attack unsteady aerodynamic modeling field.Mainly,after a review of SVMs,several issues associated with unsteady aerodynamic modeling by use of SVMs are discussed in detail,such as selection of input variables,selection of output variables and determination of SVM parameters.The least squares SVM(LS-SVM)models are set up from certain dynamic wind tunnel test data of a delta wing and an aircraft configuration,and then used to predict the aerodynamic responses in other tests.The predictions are in good agreement with the test data,which indicates the satisfying learning and generalization performance of LS-SVMs.     

基于深度森林的卫星ACS执行机构与传感器故障识别

针对卫星姿态控制系统（ACS）闭环回路的故障难以辨识的问题,引入深度森林算法,实现执行机构与传感器故障识别。首先针对可获取的少量卫星姿态控制系统遥测数据,结合系统动力学特性,研究合适的特征选择和特征提取方法,再结合深度森林算法进行故障信息学习与辨识,建立故障预测模型,实现执行机构故障与传感器故障的识别。半物理仿真结果表明：在存在气浮台干扰力矩、卫星转动惯量未知、飞轮非线性特性、闭环故障传播等多种不利因素情况下,深度森林算法对于执行机构和传感器故障具有高效的识别能力。     

一种IRST双机协同被动探测机动目标定位新方法

针对红外搜索跟踪系统（IRST）双机协同被动探测定位作战使用中,机动目标建模与实际运动失配造成定位误差偏大的问题,研究了一种基于曲线模型的自适应滤波新方法。该方法改进了传统方法根据方向角估计转弯率以及基于帧间插分线加速度估计切向加速度的思路,将转弯率及线加速度联合作为状态变量进行了状态扩维,并推导了扩维后的过程噪声协方差表达式,在缓解传统两层滤波结构带来的计算量大问题外,也提高了切向加速度的估计精度。另外基于反正切函数的值域,结合方向角在四象限间的转移关系,优化了方向角的设计。通过IRST双机协同仿真实例,验证了所提方法对机动目标的适应性更强、目标定位精度更高。     

基于OpenFOAM的水陆两栖飞机水面高速滑行研究

在开源软件OpenFOAM的两相流动态解算器中添加了激励盘,数值研究了考虑动力影响的大型四发涡桨水陆两栖飞机在水面高速滑行时的典型力学特性。针对水陆两栖飞机的特殊性,全面考虑了飞机高速滑行时的水动力、气动力、地面效应以及螺旋桨的动力影响,较为真实地模拟了飞行器水上起飞的瞬时状态。首先,在interDyMFoam中添加了激励盘模型,以体积力的形式将螺旋桨旋转产生的动量注入流场,用以模拟飞机起飞时大拉力情况下滑流的动力学影响,较螺旋桨非定常模拟方法大幅减少了计算量。其次,对Wigley船体标模和螺旋桨单桨模型分别进行了考核,验证了OpenFOAM的水动力计算能力并确认了新加入的动态激励盘方法的可靠性。最后,利用建立的方法研究了水陆两栖飞机水面单断阶滑行过程中的气动力和水动力特性并给出了滑流和动力的影响规律。