基于非局部理论的一维损伤模型的有限元算法

为了解决损伤局部化问题的网格依赖性,采用非局部理论,从损伤本构关系中引入特征长度入手,建立非局部损伤本构模型。提出了一种新的单元,将位移、非局部应变和非局部应变梯度作为基本的未知量,引入了C-1连续的形函数,并推导了非局部损伤本构模型的有限元格式。在ABAQUS中进行了二次开发,嵌入了本文提出的单元和本构模型,并用ABAQUS软件分析了一维损伤结构的受力情况。计算结果表明,数值模拟与理论推导结果的总体趋势吻合得较好,证明了本文方法的正确性与可行性。     

2.5D C/SiC复合材料带孔板拉伸破坏的多尺度模拟

为了研究2.5D编织陶瓷基复合材料带孔板的拉伸破坏行为,提出一种可以模拟带孔板细观破坏过程的多尺度计算方法。该方法根据2.5D编织陶瓷基复合材料的细观结构建立细观模型,通过子模型法将平板的宏观有限元模型和孔周围区域的细观有限元模型耦合在一起,然后采用渐进损伤计算方法完成带孔板破坏的多尺度模拟。计算结果表明,带孔板在拉伸载荷较低时出现初始损伤,随着载荷的加大经纱发生轴向拉伸破坏,纬纱发生横向的破坏。裂纹从孔边沿横向扩展至板的两端,最终整个板完全断裂失效。失效时的应变为0.375%,最大加载应力为221.7MPa。     

Damage characteristics and constitutive modeling of the 2D C/SiC composite: Part Ⅱ–Material model and numerical implementation

In this work, a macroscopic non-linear constitutive model accounting for damage, inelastic strain and unilateral behavior is proposed for the 2D plain-woven C/Si C composite. A set of scalar damage variables and a new thermodynamic potential expression are introduced in the framework of continuum damage mechanics. In the deduced constitutive equations, the material's progressive damage deactivation behavior during the compression loading is described by a continuous function, and different deactivation rates under uniaxial and biaxial compression loadings are also considered. In damage evolution laws, the coupling effect among the damage modes and impediment effect of compression stress on the development of shear damage in different plane stress states are taken into account. Besides, the general plasticity theory is applied to describing the evolution of inelastic strain in tension and/or shear stress state. The Tsai–Wu failure criterion is adopted for strength analysis. Additionally, the material model is implemented as a user-defined material subroutine(UMAT) and linked to the ABAQUS finite element software, and its performance is demonstrated through several numerical examples.     

计及复合材料受剪板后屈曲的薄壁结构分析

 本文提出了一种具有后屈曲复合材料受剪板的薄壁结构分析方法。假定后屈曲受剪板处于半张力场应力状态。以等效受剪板代替上述的后屈曲板,则可利用常规有限元法进行该结构分析。等效受剪板的刚度等于后屈曲复合材料受剪板的增量刚度,而后者系由余虚功原理与最小余能原理决定的。利用常规有限元法确定增量位侈,然后再根据余虚功原理求得后屈曲复合材料受剪板的应力增量和应变增量。     

二维三轴编织复合材料压缩失效行为的细观有限元模拟

为研究典型二维三轴编织复合材料（2DTBC）的压缩破坏机理,建立了细观有限元模拟方法体系。提出了反映编织复合材料真实几何特性的单胞模型建模策略,根据Murakami-Ohno损伤理论建立了各向异性损伤模型来模拟纤维束中的损伤起始和扩展行为,通过引入波动系数描述了纤维束的起伏状态,并采用内聚力单元来模拟界面分层。在此基础上,分析得到了二维三轴编织复合材料在压缩载荷下的破坏过程,研究了压缩载荷下纤维束和界面层的损伤演化,探讨了纤维束波动对压缩性能的影响规律。通过与相关试验结果对比,该模型能够准确预测二维三轴编织复合材料在面内压缩载荷下的力学响应和主要失效行为,以及自由边效应。细观失效过程分析结果表明,二维三轴编织复合材料轴向压缩的破坏是由轴向纤维束的纤维压缩失效主导的;横向压缩破坏则是由偏轴纤维束的纤维压缩失效引起的。     

GH4169合金蠕变疲劳行为的有限元模拟及寿命预测

考虑蠕变-疲劳损伤,对部件材料进行合理的循环变形描述和准确的寿命预测,是保证航空发动机等高温设备长周期安全运行需要解决的关键问题之一。基于大型有限元软件ABAQUS,采用组合Chaboche随动强化准则和Voce各向同性硬化准则的循环弹塑性本构模型,叠加应变强化的蠕变本构模型,对GH4169合金在蠕变-疲劳载荷下伴有应力松弛的循环变形行为进行了准确的有限元模拟。同时,将Wang等最新修正的基于逐周次概念的蠕变-疲劳损伤模型进行了有限元移植,结合有限元模拟所得的循环应力、应变状态,实现了对GH4169合金蠕变-疲劳寿命的准确预测。研究结果将为进一步实现对航空发动机关键部件精确的寿命预测提供理论基础和技术手段。     

Modeling high-speed cutting of SiCp/Al composites using a semi-phenomenologically based damage model

In this paper, we attempts to investigate cutting mechanisms in high-speed cutting of Al6061/SiC_p/15p composites using a semi-phenomenologically based damage model in the equivalent homogeneous material (EHM) framework. By combining macroscale EHM modeling and underlying microscale physical mechanisms, a feasible semi-phenomenological plastic model is proposed for prediction of cutting forces and chip morphology during high-speed turning Al6061/SiC_p/15p composites. This model incorporates the modified Weibull weakest-link effect to represent the strain-based damage evolution in large deformations. This proposed semi-phenomenological constitutive model is implemented by compiling material subroutines into cutting finite element (FE) codes. The effects of the critical shear stresses on chip formation that depend on the tool-chip frictional coefficient are accounted for in the cutting FE model. The chip formation mechanism affecting material removal behaviors during high-speed turning is further investigated. The capabilities of the proposed constitutive model are evaluated by comparing cutting forces and chip morphologies between experiments and simulations at different cutting speeds associated with strain rates. The EHM-based and microstructure-based models are further compared in both computational efficiency and accuracy. The simulation results show that the developed semi-phenomenological constitutive formalism and cutting model are promising and efficient tools for further investigation of dynamic mechanical and cutting behaviors of particle-reinforced composites with different volume fraction and particle size.     

Core reinforcement design for improving flexural energy-absorption of corrugated sandwich composite structure

To strengthen Specific Energy-Absorption (SEA) behavior of Sandwich Composite Structure (SCS), a kind of light-weight vertical stiffener is proposed for the corrugated core. The vertical stiffener, embedded in the corrugated core, can not only absorb part of energy but also simultaneously enhance Energy-Absorption (EA) of other components. The Hashin damage model considering the shear stress and ductile damage model is adopted to predict the failure of carbon fiber face-sheets and aluminum-core, respectively. The perfect bonding is modeled for interfaces between the face-sheet and core due to little realistic debonding. The finite element model is verified by available data of conventional SCS. To obtain more design ideas, several stiffeners with different thicknesses, numbers, and positions are investigated. From the predicted results, both the flexural load and deformation of SCS correlate well with experimental results. It is highlighted that the SCSs with different vertical stiffeners exhibit 9.74%–58.48% higher SEA than the SCS without stiffener. The complex reinforcement mechanisms are extensively revealed by underlying coupling EA and deformation mechanisms. Structural parameter analysis shows that the thickness and number have significant effects on the flexural behavior and SEA of reinforced SCS.     

Thermal-structural response and low-cycle fatigue damage of channel wall nozzle

To investigate the thermo-mechanical response of channel wall nozzle under cyclic working loads,the fnite volume fluid-thermal coupling calculation method and the fnite element thermal-structural coupling analysis technique are applied.In combination with the material lowcycle fatigue behavior,the modifed continuous damage model on the basics of local strain approach is adopted to analyze the fatigue damage distribution and accumulation with increasing nozzle work cycles.Simulation results have shown that the variation of the non-uniform temperature distribution of channel wall nozzle during cyclic work plays a signifcant role in the thermal-structural response by altering the material properties;the thermal-mechanical loads interaction results in serious deformation mainly in the front region of slotted liner.In particular,the maximal cyclic strains appear in the intersecting regions of liner gas side wall and symmetric planes of channel and rib,where the fatigue failure takes place initially;with the increase in nozzle work cycles,the residual plastic strain accumulates linearly,and the strain amplitude and increment in each work cycle are separately equal,but the fatigue damage grows up nonlinearly.As a result,a simplifed nonlinear damage accumulation approach has been suggested to estimate the fatigue service life of channel wall nozzle.The predicted node life is obviously conservative to the Miner＇s life.In addition,several workable methods have also been proposed to improve the channel wall nozzle durability.     

双面贴补层合板压缩屈曲渐进损伤分析

贴补复合材料层合板在压缩载荷作用下的屈曲破坏强度及其损伤演化过程对于复合材料结构修理具有重要意义。本文基于应变和黏聚区模型(CZM)建立了贴补复合材料层合板的渐进损伤分析模型,引入复合材料与胶层的损伤判据和刚度退化方案,计算了结构屈曲强度。数值仿真结果和实验数据吻合较好,验证了模型的有效性。基于该模型,采用非线性有限元方法研究了压缩载荷下双面贴补复合材料层合板的屈曲损伤演化过程,并讨论了补片参数对结构屈曲强度的影响。研究结果表明:双面贴补复合材料层合板屈曲后,处于拉伸和压缩状态下的铺层中的损伤程度存在差异;增大补片直径与厚度可以在一定程度上提高双面贴补复合材料层合板的屈曲强度。     

考虑应力梯度影响的多轴缺口疲劳寿命预测

给出了几种典型拉-扭加载路径在新定义主坐标系下的π平面投影路径,并基于π平面投影路径提出了一种新的多轴疲劳损伤参量;考虑材料多轴加载的非比例附加强化效应,提出了一种非比例附加强化系数的预测方法和非比例度的定义方法;进一步考虑缺口试样多轴加载下的拉-扭应力梯度分布,结合有限元弹性分析的结果,提出了一种考虑多轴效应的等效应力梯度因子,从而发展了一种新的考虑应力梯度影响的多轴缺口疲劳寿命预测模型,并选用GH4169合金650℃下的多轴缺口疲劳试验结果对所提出的寿命模型进行验证。结果表明:①所提出的多轴疲劳损伤参量有明确的物理意义,不仅适用于多轴疲劳,也适用于单轴疲劳;②所提出的等效应力梯度因子仅需通过弹性有限元分析确定,适合工程实际应用;③新的寿命预测模型对GH4169材料多轴缺口疲劳试验的寿命预测结果较好,基本位于2倍分散带以内。      

考虑冲击缺陷的钛合金板的疲劳寿命预估

基于连续损伤力学理论,研究了含冲击凹坑缺陷的Ti-1023钛合金板的疲劳损伤问题。通过分析冲击损伤与疲劳损伤的共同作用以及应力场与损伤场的耦合作用,对含冲击凹坑的钛合金板的疲劳寿命进行了预估。首先,基于连续介质运动学理论,采用非线性动力学有限元分析软件进行冲击损伤的模拟,得到冲击凹坑处的残余应力场与塑性应变场。其次,根据塑性损伤方程,计算冲击凹坑局部的初始损伤场,并将其作为后续疲劳计算的初始条件。然后,采用Chaudonneret的多轴疲劳损伤力学模型建立损伤力学-有限元数值解法,以进行损伤演化过程的数值计算。最后,综合考虑残余应力场、塑性初始损伤和疲劳损伤的共同作用,对含冲击凹坑的钛合金板进行了疲劳寿命预估,并进行了相应的疲劳验证试验。结果表明,预估结果与试验结果相一致。所做研究为工程中采用损伤力学方法来预估含冲击损伤的结构的疲劳寿命提供了一种可行的方法。     

Higher-order vibration of thick composite and sandwich plates based on an alternative higher-order model

The transverse stretching vibration of thick sandwich plates, which is attributed to largely different stiffness at the adjacent layers, is a challenging issue, and efficient approach for such issue is less reported in the published literature. Thus, natural frequencies corresponding to stretching vibration modes are generally neglected in engineering design, which might impact structural safety as frequencies of the exciting force are close to transverse stretching vibration frequencies. This paper proposes an alternative higher-order model for dynamic analysis corresponding to the higher-order vibration modes. The proposed model is classified in the displacement-based equivalent single-layer theory, as the number of displacement parameters in the proposed model is independent of the layer number. The continuity of displacements and transverse shear stresses can be fulfilled at the interfaces between the adjacent layers of structures. To demonstrate the capability of the proposed model, typical examples are analyzed by utilizing the proposed model, the three-dimensional finite element method and the chosen higher-order models. By comparing with the exact three-dimensional elasticity solutions, it is found that the proposed model can yield more accurate natural frequencies corresponding to the higher-order displacement modes than the selected models. Moreover, the factors influencing reasonable prediction of the higher-order frequencies are investigated in detail, which can provide a reference for the accurate prediction of the higher-order frequencies.     

基于静强度试验的有限元模型修正技术研究

基于静力响应的有限元模型修正技术广泛应用于工程结构的参数识别中,需要解决软件实现、基准数据与目标函数选取,以及参数的灵敏度分析等问题。利用位移响应信息对损伤位置确定的悬臂梁进行了损伤程度的精确识别,对于损伤位置不能确定的情况,通过引入应变约束条件实现了损伤位置与损伤程度的同时确定。作为实际工程算例,将飞机静强度试验得到的位移响应与内力响应作为基准数据,利用模型修正技术确定飞机方向舵有限元模型边界条件。算例比较了不同目标函数和约束条件对修正效果的影响,并通过增加内力响应信息进一步修正了根部约束参数,为计算分析提供了精确有限元模型。     

喷丸强化残余应力场三维数值仿真分析

建立了喷丸强化三维有限元模型,实现了喷丸强化处理残余应力场的数值仿真。根据显式动力分析各种能量变化过程,确定了显式分析求解时间选择方法;研究了喷丸速度、弹丸直径、入射角度及摩擦力等因素对喷丸残余应力场影响的一般规律,并与现有相关文献试验结论进行对比;分析了单次和多次冲击下材料内部的残余应力场分布及塑性应变分布特点;建立了不同数目的多丸粒喷丸强化三维有限元模型,研究不同覆盖率对残余应力场分布的影响规律。数值分析结果表明,喷丸速度、弹丸大小、入射角度对残余应力场分布有显著影响。冲击次数对残余应力幅值影响小,但等效塑性应变增加明显。喷丸覆盖率的增加会显著改变残余应力场,并使残余应力场分布更加均匀,但残余压应力幅值与喷丸覆盖率没有必然相关性。     

Modeling on mechanical behavior and damage evolution of single-lap bolted composite interference-fit joints under thermal effects

This paper reports the modeling method and outcomes of mechanical performance and damage evolution of single-lap bolted composite interference-fit joints under extreme temperatures. The anisotropic continuum damage model involving thermal effects is established on continuum damage mechanics which integrates the shear nonlinearity constitutive relations characterized by Romberg-Osgood equation. The temperature-induced modification of thermal strains and material properties is incorporated in stress-strain analysis, extended 3D failure criteria and exponential damage evolution rules. The proposed model is calibrated and employed to simulate behavior of composite joints in interference fitting, bolt preloading, thermal and bearing loading processes, during which the influence of interference-fit sizes, preload levels, laminate layups and service temperatures is thoroughly investigated. The predicated interfacial behavior, bearing response and failure modes are in good agreement with experimental tests. The numerical model is even capable of reflecting some non-intuitive experimental findings such as residual stress relaxation and matrix softening at elevated temperatures.     

ASTM承剪胶接接头力学性能研究

对承剪单搭接胶接接头力学性能进行了有限元分析及试验验证。通过对ASTMD 5 6 5 6标准薄胶层试件的试验及其和有限元计算结果的对比 ,确定了胶粘剂材料弹塑性应力应变关系。在此基础上 ,引入等效塑性应变准则和J 积分准则对具有不同胶层厚度的ASTMD 5 6 5 6和ASTMD 31 6 5标准试件的强度进行了预测 ,预测结果与试验结果相吻合。还就含脱粘缺陷的ASTMD 31 6 5标准试件的强度进行了分析。计算结果表明 ,ASTMD 5 6 5 6和ASTMD 31 6 5标准试验测得的胶粘剂表观剪切模量和剪切强度只具有相对意义 ,确定胶粘剂材料工程常数 ,还要在计算结果的基础上进行更深入的理论分析 ;对于含脱粘缺陷的ASTMD 31 6 5试件 ,缺陷的位置对其强度有重要影响     

304不锈钢小冲孔蠕变试验与损伤数值模拟研究

对304不锈钢进行了恒定温度下多种载荷的小冲孔蠕变试验,在此基础上建立了304不锈钢小冲孔蠕变试样的有限元模型。应用改进的K-R蠕变损伤本构方程,分析了在650℃、恒载荷条件下的试样中心挠度、应变等随时间的变化规律以及试样蠕变损伤与位置的关系。结果表明,试验与数值模拟结果基本一致,试样中心蠕变曲线都具有明显的三个阶段,与单轴试验的应变曲线十分相似。整个试样在中心损伤比较严重,呈现明显局部化特征。试样的失效首先在下表面,距试样中心约1/10处,这与试验观察到的试样颈缩部位完全一致。     

HTPB复合固体推进剂率相关损伤机理分析与验证

固体发动机在点火过程中常由于结构完整性问题而出现爆炸或性能曲线异常等问题，结合发动机在点火状态下推进剂的受载情况，亟待探索固体推进剂的率相关损伤机理。本研究从某HTPB复合固体推进剂在宽温和宽应变率下单向定速拉伸试验的力学响应特征入手，针对应力-应变曲线呈现的“双峰”、“脱湿”点前后移位等现象阐释了推进剂的率相关界面损伤特性。然后，基于建立的推进剂细观有限元模型对推进剂的率相关损伤过程进行了仿真计算，通过提取有限元分析结果的损伤界面分析了推进剂的界面损伤机理。最后，通过高速摄像试验的结果对损伤机理进行了验证。结果表明，推进剂的界面损伤过程具有很强的率相关性，“双峰”和“脱湿”点前后移位均与推进剂在不同应变率下拉伸时内部的损伤演化过程有关。通过对比推进剂在不同应变率下拉伸时断裂前的形貌，高应变率下AP颗粒析出数量较多，在一定程度上印证了本研究对推进剂损伤机理的阐释。     

Fracture behavior and self-sharpening mechanisms of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride in grinding based on cohesive element method

Unlike monocrystalline cubic boron nitride (CBN), polycrystalline CBN (PCBN) shows not only higher fracture resistance induced by tool-workpiece interaction but also better self-sharpening capability; therefore, efforts have been devoted to the study of PCBN applications in manufacturing engineering. Most of the studies, however, remain qualitative due to difficulties in experimental observations and theoretical modeling and provide limited in-depth understanding of the self-sharpening behavior/mechanism. To fill this research gap, the present study investigates the self-sharpening process of PCBN abrasives in grinding and analyzes the macro-scale fracture behavior and highly localized micro-scale crack propagation in detail. The widely employed finite element (FE) method, together with the classic Voronoi diagram and cohesive element technique, is used considering the pronounced success of FE applications in polycrystalline material modeling. Grinding trials with careful observation of the PCBN abrasive morphologies are performed to validate the proposed method. The self-sharpening details, including fracture morphology, grinding force, strain energy, and damage dissipation energy, are studied. The effects of maximum grain cut depths (MGCDs) and grinding speeds on the PCBN fracture behavior are discussed, and their optimum ranges for preferable PCBN self-sharpening performance are suggested.