双光束激光焊钛合金T形接头的组织特征与力学性能

利用双侧激光同步焊接的方法获得TC4合金T形接头,对接头进行光学显微组织观察以及拉伸性能测试,分析了接头的显微组织与力学性能。结果表明,T形接头母材显微组织为α+β等轴组织。焊缝区显微组织由粗大的β柱状晶和网篮状马氏体组成,蒙皮侧焊缝区柱状晶和马氏体晶粒比加强筋侧细小。热影响区显微组织由细小的针状马氏体、针状α相和少量等轴初生α相组成,蒙皮侧热影响区比加强筋侧窄。T形接头焊缝区拉伸强度大于母材,接头拉伸断裂均发生在离焊缝中心较远的母材上。     

搅拌摩擦焊接头隧道类缺陷等强补焊工艺

针对搅拌摩擦焊接头隧道类缺陷等强补焊的应用要求,开发了基于TIG焊熔补材料、搅拌摩擦焊增强组织性能的等强补焊工艺,对补焊后的接头进行了微观组织观察与力学性能分析,评价了补焊工艺对接头性能的影响.结果表明,对焊缝同一位置进行不大于三次的重复搅拌摩擦焊,接头力学性能不会明显下降;TIG熔补焊缝经再次搅拌摩擦焊后,其焊缝组织与搅拌摩擦焊焊缝组织特征相似,不会导致接头组织恶化.采用本文开发的等强补焊工艺对某型号火箭液氧贮箱纵缝的隧道缺陷进行了等强补焊,表明该方法有效可行.     

X射线法测试钛合金结构件残余应力的适用性研究

利用四点弯曲机加载的钛合金板材试样及高应力钛合金标样模拟结构件表面测试状态,研究X射线法测试复杂钛合金构件表面残余应力的适用性。结果表明:表面曲率及β角扫描范围对测试结果影响不显著;径向测试面倾角大于20°时测试重复性急剧变差,超过30°时结果不可使用,轴向测试面测试结果随倾角增大而减小,30°时减小超过20%。     

同质异种热处理状态铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与性能

开展了2219MCS叉形环和2219C10S筒段组成的接底接头的搅拌摩擦焊工艺试验,分析了焊接速度、2219MCS叉形环位置对接头组织形貌、显微硬度、力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:2219MCS叉形环的原始粗大组织晶粒导致其无论位于前进侧还是后退侧,均是整个接头的薄弱环节。接头显微硬度呈现出典型的"W"型分布,叉形环一侧的热机影响区的显微硬度最低。在焊接参数相同时,叉形环位于后退侧的力学性能优于其位于前进侧;当焊接速度为180~220 mm/min且叉形环为后退侧时,其接头综合性能最优,抗拉强度可达到330 MPa,低温抗拉强度可达到420 MPa,延伸率超过3.5%,正弯性能均可以达到180°无裂纹,但是2219MCS母材开始出现裂纹,而背弯性能较差,并且背部裂纹沿着2219MCS热机影响区一侧起裂、扩展。     

2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头缺陷补焊

对2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头中出现的未焊透和孔洞缺陷进行一次、二次搅拌摩擦补焊实验。结果表明：在合适的补焊工艺参数下,可有效消除接头原有缺陷,获得成形美观,性能良好的接头;随补焊次数的增加,接头软化区域显著增加;含有上述两种缺陷接头一次补焊后拉伸性能显著提高,二次补焊接头相比于一次补焊接头拉伸性能有所降低;含有缺陷的原始接头拉伸时均于缺陷处起裂导致接头塑性较低,补焊后接头都断裂于后退侧热影响区与热机影响区交界处,呈韧性断裂模式。     

TIG补焊对2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接接头微观组织及性能影响

通过对原始搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）接头中间位置进行缺口挖补以模拟焊缝缺陷,采用钨极氩弧焊（TIG）补焊对其进行焊缝缺陷修复试验,研究该补焊工艺对接头微观组织及力学性能的影响规律,为贮箱的FSW焊缝性能评价提供技术支撑和后续工程指导。结果表明,相较于FSW接头,补焊接头TIG焊缝区主要由较大的等轴树枝晶组成,且与FSW焊缝交界处相互掺杂着粗大等轴晶和细小等轴晶;补焊接头固溶区受热循环影响较大,晶粒较为粗大,而过时效区受热循环影响较小,会发生过时效化并形成软化区。补焊接头抗拉强度与延伸率相较于原始FSW接头有所降低,硬度分布大致呈“W”形,WNZ区为硬度值最低处;补焊接头断裂位置始于焊趾处,断口存在大量韧窝,同时韧窝内存在第二相粒子,呈现韧性断裂机制。     

2219铝合金双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊与熔焊交叉接头的组织及性能

文摘对2219C10S铝合金进行双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接,之后沿垂直于双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊方向进行变极性TIG焊接制备交叉接头,并对比分析了交叉接头与单一TIG接头的组织和力学性能。交叉接头与单一TIG接头的组织特征既有相同之处也存在差异。相同之处为焊缝区均由直流氦弧焊作用下的柱状区和交流脉冲氩弧焊作用下的碗状区组成;不同之处在于两者的母材区分别为细小等轴晶和轧制板条晶粒,而热影响区都是在母材晶粒上发生粗化长大。显微硬度测试结果表明,两类接头的横截面显微硬度分布均呈"W"型,单一TIG接头的的显微硬度分布梯度大于交叉接头,但交叉接头的软化区宽度更窄。拉伸测试结果得出,两类接头均断裂于接头的热影响区。沿SR-FSW焊缝方向的交叉接头的抗拉强度系数为66.14%,略低于单一TIG接头,但接头延伸率比单一TIG接头高约30%。断口形貌研究表明,交叉接头的断口形貌为典型的韧性断裂,而单一TIG接头还可观察到部分脆性断裂特征。     

TC21细晶钛合金TIG焊接接头组织及力学性能研究

开展了不同晶粒尺寸的细晶粒TC21钛合金的TIG焊接实验,研究了母材及接头组织和力学性能。结果表明：细晶粒TC21钛合金TIG焊接接头抗拉强度达到母材的95％左右,焊接性较好;但是焊接接头脆化严重,伸长率和断面收缩率均较低。焊缝中心和热影响区组织相似,为α’马氏体组织。相同焊接规范下,21μm的细晶TC21合金焊缝及热影响区为片状或长粒状α’组织;而7μm的细晶TC21合金接头中α’丛的尺寸较小且相互交错,形成针状或短粒状α’组织。硬度测试表明：靠近母材的热影响区细晶区存在一个软化区,该区域硬度最低,而焊缝中心与热影响区粗晶区分界处（细晶过渡区（FTZ））也存在硬度的下降,不过此区域下降幅度不大。常温拉伸断口呈准解理断裂特征,随着母材晶粒度的增大,焊接接头解理特征越明显。     

2219铝合金复合超音频脉冲VPTIG焊接工艺

分别采用常规VPTIG和超快变换复合超音频脉冲VPTIG焊接工艺对2219-T87高强铝合金进行焊接,通过X射线探伤、金相分析、接头力学性能测试等方法对焊接质量进行对比分析。结果表明,复合超音频脉冲VPTIG焊接工艺可有效减少甚至消除高强铝合金焊缝气孔缺陷,细化焊缝组织,显著改善和提高焊接接头性能。与常规VPTIG焊接工艺相比,在脉冲电流频率40kHz、占空比20%、脉冲电流幅值100A条件下,2219-T87焊接接头抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别提高约32%和138%。     

焊透深度和前进侧位置对FSW 贮箱锁底接头性能的影响

开展了2219MCS 叉形环和2219C10S 短壳组成的锁底接头的搅拌摩擦焊工艺试验,详细分析了

搅拌针长度和前进侧位置对锁底接头Hook 型缺陷、力学性能、断裂方式的影响规律。结果表明:搅拌摩擦焊

锁底接头在短壳一侧存在Hook 型缺陷,短壳位于前进侧时的搭接界面上翘曲率和迁移量均大于叉形环位于

前进侧,且随着搅拌针长度的增加,搭接界面的向上迁移量逐渐增大。相同的焊透深度时,叉形环位于前进侧

的力学性能优于短壳位于前进侧;相同的前进侧位置时,随着焊透深度的逐渐增加,接头力学性能逐渐降低。

锁底接头搭接界面缺陷形貌及迁移量的变化是引起力学性能变化的主要原因。优化的试验结果显示,当焊透

深度和短壳板材厚度相同,且叉形环位于焊缝前进侧的力学性能最优,常温可达到300 MPa,低温可达到370

MPa,延伸率均超过3. 5%。锁底接头的拉伸断裂方式与焊缝前进侧位置密切相关。当短壳位于前进侧时,从

短壳一侧热力影响区断裂;当叉形环为前进侧时,从焊缝焊核区断裂。

     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.