座舱压力控制技术应用于高速列车车厢的可行性分析

为了解决高速列车穿越隧道或两车交会时引起的压力波动所造成的旅客“耳感不适”,借鉴民机座舱压力控制的成熟经验,提出了解决高速列车车厢压力变化的气动间接式压力控制方案,该方案主要由座舱压力调节器组成。针对气动间接式压力控制方案进行了计算机模拟分析和原理模拟验证试验,结果表明,将座舱压力控制技术用于高速列车车厢的压力控制能够满足设计指标要求;同时本方案具有设备轻巧、调节方便、阻力损失小、维护性及可靠性好等优点,故座舱压力控制技术应用于高速列车是可行的。     

高速铁路挡风墙防风沙效果研究

正在建设的兰新第二双线是世界首条穿越大风区的高速铁路。线路穿越风区最大瞬时风速达64m/s,并伴随大量沙砾,严重威胁列车运行安全。如何在大风条件下防止列车倾覆、保护受电弓和接触网安全,避免沙砾侵道、击碎车窗玻璃成为兰新第二双线亟须解决的重要问题。本文通过数值计算、风洞试验和现场试验等方法,开展了挡风墙对列车的防风沙效果研究,研究结果表明：距轨面高2.5m以上的挡风墙对列车有较好的倾覆防护效果,防沙效果也较好,但对受电弓和接触网的接触安全防护效果较差,需要另外采取措施,确保受电弓和接触网的接触安全。     

Multiple target detection using modified high order correlations

This work is concerned with the problem of multiple target track detection in heavy clutter. Using the “modified high order correlation” (HOC) process and a track scoring mechanism a new method is developed to perform data association and track identification in the presence of heavy clutter. Using this new scheme any number of very close, crossing or splitting target tracks can be resolved without increasing the computational complexity of the algorithm. The applicability of the method for continuous detection of target tracks that can originate and terminate at any scan is also demonstrated, In addition, the operating characteristics as a function of the clutter density are also provided. Simulation results on all the cases are presented     

Aerodynamics of high-speed railway train

Railway train aerodynamic problems are closely associated with the flows occurring around train. Much effort to speed up the train system has to date been paid on the improvement of electric motor power rather than understanding the flow around the train. This has led to larger energy losses and performance deterioration of the train system, since the flows around train are more disturbed due to turbulence of the increased speed of the train, and consequently the flow energies are converted to aerodynamic drag, noise and vibrations. With the speed-up of train, many engineering problems which have been neglected at low train speeds, are being raised with regard to aerodynamic noise and vibrations, impulse forces occurring as two trains intersect each other, impulse wave at the exit of tunnel, ear discomfort of passengers inside train, etc. These are of major limitation factors to the speed-up of train system. The present review addresses the state of the art on the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic problems of high-speed railway train and highlights proper control strategies to alleviate undesirable aerodynamic problems of high-speed railway train system.     

Removing autocorrelation sidelobes by overlaying orthogonal coding on any train of identical pulses

A coherent train of identical linear FM (LFM) pulses is used extensively in radar because of its good range and Doppler resolution. Its relatively high autocorrelation function (ACF) sidelobes are sometimes reduced through spectrum shaping (e.g., nonlinear FM, or intrapulse weighting on receive). We show how to completely remove most of the ACF sidelobes about the mainlobe peak, without any increase to the mainlobe width, by diversifying the pulses through overlaying them with orthonormal coding. A helpful byproduct of this design is reduced ACF recurrent lobes. The overlaid signal also results in reduced Doppler tolerance, which can be considered as a drawback for some applications. The method is applied to several trains of identical pulses (LFM and others) using several orthonormal codes. The effect on the three important properties of the radar signal: ACF, ambiguity function (AY), and frequency spectrum is presented. The effect on Doppler tolerance is studied, and implementation issues are discussed. The new design is also compared with complementary and sub-complementary pulse trains and is shown to be superior in many aspects.     

航空发动机全包线自适应解耦控制器设计

为实现航空发动机在全包线的解耦控制, 在飞行包线内选择了若干点, 使用遗传算法对单神经元自适应解耦控制器的比例系数进行了离线优化。以优化得到的若干组参数为训练样本, 离线训练径向基函数(RBF)神经网络, 训练后的网络可映射高度、马赫数与比例系数之间的非线性关系, 飞行包线内任意点的解耦控制器比例系数即可由该网络得到。仿真表明:在设计点和非设计点, 系统均具有良好的动态特性和解耦特性。该方法结构简单、易于实现, 具有实用价值。      

Experimental investigation on operating behaviors of loop heat pipe with thermoelectric cooler under acceleration conditions

An experimental study was carried out in this article to investigate the transient operating performance of a Dual Compensation Chamber Loop Heat Pipe (DCCLHP) with Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC) under acceleration conditions and ammonia was selected as the working fluid. For the purpose of comparison, experimental work was conducted under terrestrial gravity. Sensitivity analysis was performed to explore the effect of several control parameters such as the heat load, acceleration magnitude and TEC assist on the startup and operating performance of the DCCLHP. Experimental results indicate that the DCCLHP can get to a steady-state operation when the heat load changes from 25 W to 300 W under terrestrial gravity. While under acceleration conditions, the DCCLHP can work at a high operating temperature or even fail to operate, which shows the acceleration effect plays a significant impact on the loop operation. The TEC assist with power of 10 W can improve the operating performance and reduce the operating temperature for the case of small heat load and acceleration magnitude. When the acceleration exceeds 3g at large heat load, the effect of TEC assist on the operation at large heat load can be ignored.     

基于卫星导航的铁路列车控制系统自主定位技术研究进展

基于卫星导航的车载自主化列车控制是智能铁路技术体系的关键组成部分。对中国列车控制系统体系架构进行了梳理,分析了列控专用列车自主定位基本结构及与列控系统的接口模式。结合列车运行控制对安全性的特定需求,探讨了列车自主定位性能需求体系,介绍了国内外基于卫星导航的新型列车控制系统的发展情况,阐述了列车自主定位技术内涵及主要研究进展,从多源感知融合无缝定位、列车卫星定位主动增强、定位专用轨道地图数据库、自主定位性能测试评估等多个方面进行了全面系统的梳理和分析,介绍了伪卫星增强列车定位、轨旁卫星定位增强网络、地理分布式零现场虚拟测试设施等典型成果,并对前沿技术运用演进、关键场景融合优化、复杂环境安全防护、跨层协同全息感知、专用标准规范体系等未来发展方向进行了展望。     

基于成本指数的民机四维航迹预测优化算法

近年来,四维轨迹预测与优化功能成为了飞行管理系统(Flight Management System,简称FMS)技术的研究热点。航迹预测结果的准确性直接关系着飞机的参数指标,同时也关系着飞机运行的经济性,甚至决定飞机的安全性。从飞机运行的成本角度出发,根据运行成本建立飞机运行的代价函数模型,分别对巡航阶段的速度和高度建模,将代价函数作为优化对象对四维航迹预测结果进行优化,总结出一套最经济巡航速度以及最经济巡航高度的计算方法,为民用飞机四维航迹预测的优化提供了切实可行的理论参考。     

多层分布式电子监察系统的设计及应用

目前,我国的电子监察系统处于起步阶段,从总体来看,国内电子监察系统的架构设计还不够成熟,主要问题是架构的伸缩性不足、扩展性不足、数据采集方式不灵活。针对这些问题提出了对上述缺点和不足的改进方式,进而设计了"MDES(Multi-layer Distributed Electronic Super-vision System)电子监察系统架构",该架构具有扩展性良好、数据采集方式灵活、数据集中、分布应用等特点,并建立了垂直监管渠道,该架构在佛山市电子监察系统的建设中有了实际的应用,运行情况良好。     

基于改进无模型自适应算法的涡扇发动机限制保护控制方法

针对发动机限制保护控制问题,提出了一种基于数据驱动的改进无模型自适应限制保护控制方法。以主回路闭环系统为设计对象,通过在常规无模型自适应控制律的准则函数中增加误差变化率,使超限保护系统具有更快的响应速度,给出了改进后系统的稳定性条件,并采用临界比例度法进行了控制器参数整定。仿真结果表明:在不同工作点,所设计的改进无模型自适应限制保护控制器相比常规无模型自适应限制保护控制器,最大超限平均减小2.97%,响应时间平均缩短2.30s,实现了发动机超限后的迅速回调,保证了发动机系统的安全运行。     

环控计算机研制及应用

在现代飞机中,环控系统的作用非常重要,而环控计算机是其核心部件,其功能是将来自环控系统各个部分的传感器和超温恒温器信号进行采样、记录和处理,然后输出控制信号到各执行部件,完成系统各控制通道的控制及保护功能;同时,在计算机工作出现故障时有一定措施保证系统的安全。本文对环控计算机的主要功能、技术指标、技术特点及应用等方面作了阐述。     

Resolution Performance of Pulse Trains with Large Time-Bandwidth Products

The coherent pulse train has good clutter suppression performance because the energy in its matched-filter response is essentially concentrated within sharp ambiguous spikes. However, this is so only when the Doppler distortions are neglected, so that the Doppler effect is taken as a simple translation of the carrier frequency. This paper analyzes the consequences of Doppler distortions on the resolution performance of pulse trains. It is found that Doppler distortions widen the Doppler ambiguities of the pulse train response, with the widening factor proportional to the order of the Doppler ambiguity. This reduces the interval between Doppler ambiguities, and hence the Doppler width of a clutter space that can be accommodated without severe clutter interference. For an operation in a Doppler-ambiguous mode, it also degrades nominal Doppler resolution performance. A detailed analysis of the effects is presented, and numerical results on the widening of the Doppler ambiguities are obtained.     

大型民用客机管制与监视系统验证及测试平台的构建

研发大型民用客机航路管制与监视系统验证及测试平台,从而实现机地数据通信系统环境下的航路管制与监视信息的数据地面接收和处理;同时,依照现有的空管航路管制与监视功能的国际标准和相关区域的运行要求,实现地面管制系统向机载系统的数据发布。该项研究成果能对口飞机机载数据链相关的ATC(Air Traffic Control,空中交通管制)功能和部分监视功能ADS-C(Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Contract,合同式自动相关监视)、ADS-B(Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast,广播式自动相关监视),提供对应的地面收发端,监控机载系统数据状态。     

隧道空气动力学实车试验研究

为了指导既有线200km/h提速技术改造,为第六次大提速的顺利实施提供经验.2005年5月至6月在遂渝线的太和至北碚北路段进行了200km/h提速综合试验,隧道空气动力学是其中的重要测试内容之一.利用地面和车载测试系统,对列车车体表面、车厢内部、隧道壁面空气压力变化、隧道内列车风、隧道口微气压波和隧道壁面振动加速度等参数进行测试.测试结果表明:测点压力变化幅值与列车运行速度的1.7～2.4次方成正比,具体取值与车型和测点位置有关;隧道内列车风风速与列车运行速度成线性关系;隧道口微气压波幅值近似与列车运行速度的三次方成正比、与测点距隧道口距离成反比.列车以200km/h速度过隧道时,车厢内3s最大压力变化幅值为1875Pa,车厢内43%的人有明显耳痛感,显然英国标准(3000Pa/3s)过于宽松;200km/h速度下引起的列车风风速为14.8m/s,超过了人体安全风速值(14m/s),建议列车运行期间,不进行隧道作业.     

某直升机主减速器行星轮系功质比的区间多目标优化

针对某型直升机主减速器行星轮系功质比的优化问题,建立含有密度和啮合摩擦因数等不确定性参数的区间多目标优化函数及相应的约束函数,利用改进的区间多目标分层优化方法,得到多目标优化函数的最优结果区间和参数变量,对优化前后主减速器行星轮系的传动性能进行深入比较。根据优化结果设计直升机主减速器行星轮系的传动效率试验方案,试验结果表明:区间多目标优化后主减速器行星轮系质量减少6.2%,传动效率提高2.14%,且效率曲线变化随着载荷的波动更加趋于稳定,说明区间多目标优化方法应用于某型直升机主减速器行星轮系功质比优化方面的有效性。      

以中等职业教育为平台培育外出务工的新型农民

中等职业教育是以培养专业技术人才为目的,以就业为导向的一种教育。培育千千万万高素质的新型农民依赖于中等职业教育为其提供培训平台。中等职业教育要立足于外出务工新型农民的培训需求,进一步提升其培训平台功能,推动实现以新型农民为主体的社会主义新农村建设。     

民用飞机应急离机舱门打开过程分析研究

应急离机舱门作为民用飞机试飞过程中唯一的专用逃生出口,其舱门能否顺利打开直接影响着机组人员的逃生。针对某民用飞机应急离机舱门机构的特点,从锁定、解锁两方面对其运动原理进行分析;分别考虑有无增压载荷两种情况,通过Lms.Virtual.Lab Motion建立其虚拟样机模型,对其打开过程进行仿真分析。结果表明:该套舱门机构在锁定、解锁方面具备良好的保护措施;有增压情况下解开过中心保护机构所需的操纵力远大于无增压情况,但其解开后对舱门的打开起到有效助力作用,且外载越大打开响应越快。     

The Detection of Moderately-Fluctuating Rayleigh Targets

Pulse train detection of fluctuating targets whose coherence time is long compared to the time between pulses and short compared to the pulse train duration is compared for two systems: (1) a recursive digital optimal receiver operating in conjunction with a coherent pulse train transmitter, and (2) a good (but not optimal) receiver operating with a block coherent frequency-hopping transmitter. The equivalence of this type of problem to noise-in-noise detection problems is demonstrated, the performance relations for both systems are derived and comparisons are made.     

基于改进FRAM的民机系统安全性分析

民机安全性分析的重要内容之一是系统运行过程分析，现有的运营安全性分析模型大多没有综合考虑人、飞机、运行环境等各类影响安全性的因素。本文综合考虑系统安全性分析功能间的时间、控制、资源、前提等影响，更加细致地分析影响系统安全运行的因素，建立了全面且规范化定量化安全性分析模型。运用功能可变性描述规则（RFV）、层次分析法（AHP）对功能共振分析法（FRAM）进行改进，建立民机系统安全性综合分析模型。使用模型还原143号班机安全运行所需条件，分析得出应重点防范的耦合变异与功能失效，且扩展了原事故调查报告结论，表明了该模型的可行性，提出的理论模型可为航空公司在运营系统安全性方面提供理论参考和技术支持。