共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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《Aerospace Science and Technology》2003,7(3):231-237
The reentry trajectories of a small mass at low Earth orbit were analyzed with a modified three degree-of-freedom trajectory simulation. An estimate of the stagnation point heating was also made. The mass deployed an inflatable, three-element drag disk decelerator that was modeled as a single circular disk, trailing the payload, normal to the direction of flight. The downrange distance decreased and the time of flight increased with increased decelerator area. The stagnation-point heat transfer rates with a decelerator of sufficiently low ballistic coefficient of 24 Pa was 5–10 percent that of a typical ballistic reentry vehicle with a ballistic coefficient of 4.8 kPa. The study did not find that staged deployment of the decelerator disks provided any aerodynamic advantages, particularly in view of the anticipated complexities involved in deploying such a system. Finally, skip trajectories yielded slightly lower stagnation-point heat transfer than the non-lifting case. However, they may not be advantageous since the increased flight time would expose the decelerator to a longer period of heating, thereby possibly requiring more extensive thermal protection and a potential to damage on-board sensors and instruments. 相似文献
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In radar systems, extended Kalman-Bucy filters (EKBFs) are used to estimate state vectors of objects in track. Filter models accounting for fundamental aerodynamic forces on reentry vehicles are well known. A general model structure accommodating the dynamics of reentry vehicles in both exoatmospheric and endoatmospheric flight is presented. The associated EKBFs for these various models are described and the resulting associated parameter estimation and identification problems are discussed. The effects of position, velocity, drag, and aerodynamic lift are described within a nested set of EKBF models 相似文献
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Tracking a ballistic target: comparison of several nonlinear filters 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Farina A. Ristic B. Benvenuti D. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》2002,38(3):854-867
This paper studies the problem of tracking a ballistic object in the reentry phase by processing radar measurements. A suitable (highly nonlinear) model of target motion is developed and the theoretical Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLB) of estimation error are derived. The estimation performance (error mean and standard deviation; consistency test) of the following nonlinear filters is compared: the extended Kalman filter (EKF), the. statistical linearization, the particle filtering, and the unscented Kalman filter (UKF). The simulation results favor the EKF; it combines the statistical efficiency with a modest computational load. This conclusion is valid when the target ballistic coefficient is a priori known. 相似文献
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An implementation is presented of the discrete time extended Kalman filter which the authors have found useful for sensor netting in a variety of tactical radar and ballistic missile defense (BMD) applications. A Potter square root version of the extended Kalman filter is used where vector measurements are processed serially. Both the state and covariance equations are initialized by processing past measurements. The initialization technique and the filter are used in two tactical radar tracking examples. 相似文献
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Sivananthan S. Kirubarajan T. Bar-Shalom Y. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》2001,37(2):401-418
In this paper the acquisition of a low observable (LO) incoming tactical ballistic missile using the measurements from a surface based electronically scanned array (ESA) radar is presented. We present a batch maximum likelihood (ML) estimator to acquire the missile while it is exo-atmospheric. The proposed estimator, which combines ML estimation with the probabilistic data association (PDA) approach resulting in the ML-PDA algorithm to handle false alarms, also uses target features. The use of features facilitates target acquisition under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. Typically, ESA radars operate at 13-20 dB, whereas the new estimator is shown to be effective even at 4 dB SNR (in a resolution cell, at the end of the signal processing chain) for a Swerling III fluctuating target, which represents a significant counter-stealth capability. That is, this algorithm acts as an effective “power multiplier” for the radar by about an order of magnitude. An approximate Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB), quantifying the attainable estimation accuracies and shown to be met by the proposed estimator, is derived as well 相似文献
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Siouris G.M. Guanrong Chen Jianrong Wang 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1997,33(1):232-240
The important tracking problem by radar of an incoming ballistic missile system, which contains uncertainty in modeling and noise in both dynamics and measurements, is studied. The classical extended Kalman filter (EKF) is no longer applicable to such an uncertain system, and so a new extended interval Kalman filter (EIKF) is developed for tracking the missile system. Computer simulation is presented to show the effectiveness of the EIKF algorithm for this uncertain and nonlinear ballistic missile tracking problem. 相似文献
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提出了一种弹载毫米波全极化环焦反射面天线的设计方案,设计了其结构参数,并对其电性能进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,提出的全极化环焦反射面天线的设计方案电性能参数合理,适用于在弹载环境下应用。 相似文献
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The US Army ERDEC is developing advanced aerosol systems to combat threat surveillance, fire control, and seeker systems operating in the visible, infrared, and millimeter wave portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. One such system is the M56 multispectral smoke generator, which presently operates in the visible and infrared portions of the spectrum; a millimeter wave (MMW) Module is in development to extend the M56 spectral range. This paper documents preliminary results of a field demonstration test of the M56 MMW Module. An MMW instrumentation radar was modified to simulate the scan pattern and radar parameters of a tactical battlefield surveillance radar system. A test grid was populated with both stationary and moving tactical targets, and the radar scanned the grid to simulate a surveillance radar in operation. Once a realistic tactical engagement scenario was developed, MMW aerosols were deployed to demonstrate the impact such aerosols could have on radar detection and classification performance 相似文献
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Chan-oh Min Dae-woo Lee Kyeum-rae Cho Sung-jin Jo Jang-sik Yang Won-boo Lee 《Aerospace Science and Technology》2011,15(4):269-282
The reentry vehicle is affected by various disturbances such as a wind gust, atmospheric condition or aerodynamic problems in the approach and landing phase. Therefore it is necessary to design a robust control scheme. This paper presents a control scheme using Mamdani fuzzy PD controller. In this paper, the reference trajectories are generated using geometric parameters for disturbed circumstances with 4 cases: nominal, headwind and tailwind, drag increased case. Then, a Mamdani fuzzy PD controller was designed in this study. Twenty-five rules were applied in the knowledge-based system. The max–min method for a fuzzy inference system and the center-of-mass method in defuzzification were used. Finally, guidance and control simulations are performed for verification of proposed controller using generated reference trajectories. In addition, the Monte Carlo simulation is performed considering various disturbances. The results show that proposed Mamdani fuzzy PD controller has reliability and robustness for control of reentry vehicle with wind disturbance in the approach and landing phases. 相似文献
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Several filters are applied to the problem of state estimation from inertial measurements of reentry drag. This is a highly nonlinear problem of practical significance. It is found that a filter based on the technique of statistical linearization performs better than the extended Kalman in this application. This is believed to be the first application of the statistically linearized filter to a practical dynamics problem. A sensitivity analysis is performed to demonstrate the relative insensitivity of this filter to modeling errors and approximations. 相似文献
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为了解决弹道导弹在中段释放气球诱饵伴飞,以干扰天基光学防御系统对导弹目标进行精确跟踪识别的问题,基于弹头和气球诱饵质阻比的差异,利用美国NRLMSISE-00(Naval Research Laboratory Mass Spectrometer and Incoherent Scatter radar Exosphere,海军研究实验室质谱仪和非相干散射雷达大气经验性模型)对气球诱饵进行相应动力学分析,得出气球诱饵在弹道中段的大气阻力模型.然后给出了J2摄动下,气球诱饵经过阻力修正后较精确的中段运动模型,并将结论引入到天基光学平台中,进行观测仿真实验.结果表明,在200 km以上的高空,大气阻力对于弹头和气球诱饵的影响微弱,可忽略不计,在观测像平面中表现为一块难以区分的亮斑;而在100~200 km高度范围内,气球诱饵受大气阻力影响剧烈,在观测像平面内的运动与弹头存在较大差别,具有较强的可区分性. 相似文献
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Differential Doppler measurements by a passive array are used to track an unstable continuous wave (CW) source moving in a ballistic trajectory, e.g., a projectile carrying a proximity fuse. The ballistic equations of motion couple frequency measurements at various sections along the track with the track parameters at any arbitrary time, e.g., at impact. A nonlinear weighted leastsquare method is used to estimate the track parameters, and the resulting error covariance matrix is derived. A numerical example demonstrates the relative contributions of various frequency measurements to the estimation accuracy. 相似文献
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Bowyer D.E. Rajasekaran P.K. Gebhart W.W. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》1979,(4):538-546
A new adaptive filter to reject clutter is derived using autoregressive spectral analysis techniques. The adaptive filter performs open. Ioop processing, resulting in a shorter transient response, and is therefore suitable for radar waveforms containing only a small number of samples. A number of examples including application to ballistic missile defense are presented to demonstrate the performance capabilities of the new adaptive filter. 相似文献
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SPRI: simulator of polarimetric radar images 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
De Roo R.D. Munn J. Pierce L.E. Nashashibi A.Y. Ulaby F.T. Samples G.S. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》2002,38(1):251-261
Simulator of polarimetric radar images (SPRI) consists of a suite of image processing programs for producing realistic millimeter-wave (MMW) radar images artificially on a workstation. The heart of the simulation approach is a polarimetric Rayleigh clutter simulator coupled to a clutter database. The simulator produces high resolution single-look polarimetric images. Hard targets can then be embedded into this clutter map, and the resultant image can be degraded in resolution, number of looks, polarization, etc. to match that which would be observed by a real sensor. Examples of simulated images, and comparisons of these simulations to actual images, are presented. The MMW Clutter Database is the most comprehensive to-date database of over 3500 Mueller matrices for many kinds of terrestrial clutter measured at 35 and 95 GHz, many of which are at incidence angles close to grazing. The database can be accessed via a World Wide Web flexible interface that enables data to be combined in new and unique ways specified by the user, and displayed in either tabular or graphical format. The structure and access procedure to the database are described 相似文献
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Tracking of a Ballistic Missile with A-Priori Information 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Benavoij A. Chisci L. Farina A. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》2007,43(3):1000-1016
The paper addresses the problem of estimating the launch and impact points of a ballistic target from radar measurements. The problem has been faced under different hypotheses on the available prior knowledge. The proposed approach combines a nonlinear batch estimator with a recursive MM (multiple model) particle filter in order to attain the estimation goal. Extensive simulations assess the achievable estimation performance. 相似文献
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准确的弹道系数辨识和精确的目标状态估计是再入目标高精度跟踪与高可靠识别的关键。一方面,状态估计的误差会造成模型参数(弹道系数)的辨识风险;另一方面,模型参数的辨识偏差又会导致模型失配从而降低目标状态的估计精度。因此,需要实现再入目标的状态估计和参数辨识的联合优化。针对再入目标弹道系数未知情形,提出了一种基于期望最大化(EM)框架并采用粒子滤波(PF)平滑器实现的PF-EM联合优化算法。在E步基于粒子平滑器得到目标状态的后验平滑估计,M步采用数值优化算法更新上一次迭代的弹道系数,通过E步和M步的不断迭代,以保证状态估计和弹道系数辨识的一致性。算法仿真对比表明:所提算法的状态估计和参数辨识精度均优于传统的状态增广算法。 相似文献