空中交通管理(ATM)系统的计算机仿真研究

一、前言90年代初,国际民航组织推出了新航行系统过渡和实施方案,即通信,导航,监视/空中交通管理(CNS/ATM)过渡和实施方案。如何评估现行 ATM 系统,并且对新 ATM 的发展和实施进行分析和论证,已经成为民用航空当局急待解决的问题之一。本文将分析 ATM 系统的特征,引入航行调度理论,排队网络理论和     

ATM系统中的风险管理

风险管理是起源于上世纪30年代西方工业化国家的一门新兴学科，主要应用于经济领域。该学科的产生和发展，为减少或消除经济活动的损失提供了很好的理论依据。空中交通管理(ATM)虽然和经济活动没有直接的关联，但风险管理的理论却对ATM系统具有很好的指导作用。     

耗散结构、协同学、突变理论、奇怪吸引子和浑沌与复杂性研究

本文站在统一观点的基础上,研究了“新三论”与浑沌动力学的本质联系和特征:系统的运动向高层次的转化都必须以开放为前提,突变是这种转化的重要形式;运动的发展在于系统的协同作用;稳定与不稳定、对称与对称破缺、可逆与不可逆、有序与浑沌贯穿于运动的全过程。不可逆性比有序度更有资格充当运动发展的度量。自组织和浑沌都是能动性在系统演化中的体现。非平衡、对称破缺、不可逆和系统中的协同性是系统复杂性的根源。非线性、非平衡、对称破缺与不可逆、灰色与非经典信息及巨系统的各态历经等将成为研究的主要对象;随机理论、分维理论及“新三论”与浑沌理论将充当研究的主要工具,而系统的复杂性将成为人们努力的主要目标。     

西班牙实施新CNS／ATM的费用——效益分析

一、前言CNS／ATM系统目前正在全球范围内广为实施，中国也在做着实施新CNS／ATM系统的试验。研究表明，就全球范围而言，新CNS／ATM系统不仅在技术方面比现有系统具有更大优势，而且实施新系统经济收益将远大于相应费用。而对于某一地区或国家来说，实施新系统是否一定经济效益良好，还需具体问题具体分析。西班牙研究人员也做了这样的工作，他们通过历时Ic个月的研究显示，在西班牙实施新系统收益大于费用。本文将对他们的研究方法和结果做简单介绍，以期为我国在该领域的研究工作提供参考。西班牙位于欧洲西南端，国上面积约SO…     

RNAV和RNP技术研究

一、引言 1988年5月,国际民航组织提出了新航行系统（FANS,其后又常称为CNS/ATM）的概念。在CNS/ATM中,新导航系统的成分之一为＂逐步引进区域导航（RNAV）能力,并使其符合所需导航性能（RNP）＂。随后,在世界范围内展开了对RNAV的理论、技术与实施的研究。     

机器人钻铆系统研究与应用现状

铆接是飞机装配中的主要连接方式,高效高质量的钻孔与铆接技术是提高飞机装配质量与装配效率的关键。机器人钻铆系统以其高灵活性、低成本的特点逐渐进入到飞机装配领域,成为自动化钻铆系统中的新军。首先对国内外机器人钻铆系统的研究和应用状况进行了介绍和分析,然后对国内机器人钻铆系统存在的主要问题进行了概括,最后总结了目前机器人钻铆系统需解决的关键技术及相关研究工作,以供研究者们参考。     

基于自适应混合高斯模型的运动目标检测

随着智能视频监控应用领域的不断拓展,为了在各种复杂场景下都能快速稳定地检测出运动目标,众多研究者提出了很多解决方法。鉴于背景减除法自身在算法理论的复杂度小,且对不同场景适应性强的优点,成为运动目标检测研究领域的基础方法。而在背景减除法的各种背景建模方法中,混合高斯模型方法以其适应性强、灵活高效的优点成为该领域的经典方法。详细介绍了背景更新机制中常用的混合高斯模型,并据此研究了基于自适应更新率的高斯背景建模方法,经过对比试验,论证了改进方法在建模速度上的大幅度提升。     

面向数据链的航行系统结构分析

根据国际标准化组织的OSI开放系统互连规程X.200,详细分析了民航系统现行使用的CNS/ATM系统以及ICAO的新航行系统的多模块之间的结构关系,进行了进一步的归纳、整理和系统化,提出了面向数据链的基于OSI的民航现行航行系统与新航行系统成分之间物理联系与理论体系结构.     

复杂性理论下的城市范式探讨

通过对城市的本质和其内涵的研究,力求从复杂性理论的角度,揭示城市内部发展、演化、衰亡的规律和范式。在前人研究的基础上,首先阐明了城市的本质是由于其内部人的复杂性所引起和形成的;其次,对于城市复杂性的内涵、特征等要素进行了论述,力求得出城市复杂性的核心观点。再次,通过对城市复杂性的演化机制进行研究,从自组织、动态演化、方面说明了城市系统复杂性范式的动力所在。     

CNS／ATM工作站培训系统分析与实现

CNS/ATM工作站系统即通信、导航、监视/空中交通管理系统,是新航行系统的重要组成部分,是航空电信网(ATN)的地面终端系统。CNS/ATM工作站培训系统是为我国逐步实施新航行系统而设计的,主要用来培训适应新一代航管系统的管制员。本文介绍了CNS/ATM工作站培训系统的总体构成、工作原理和各模块的功能,分析了某些模块的设计和实现方法。     

ATM industrial perspectives

The Aviation Industry today is undergoing a significant period of development with a doubling of air traffic over a 12 to 15 year period in Europe, something similar in USA and even more in Asia. This is linked to world wide economic growth and the increase of leisure activities. To meet this challenge, it is essential that industrial suppliers of ATM systems be fully involved in the development of system concepts and implementation plans. This article reviews some of the key issues to be addressed.     

Air traffic management

This year, a considerable part of the Aeronautics Days conference programme was devoted to air transportation, which is reflected in these Proceedings through the sections on Safety, Environmental Impact and Air Traffic Management. Cooperative work on the problems of air traffic management is a crucial component of research effort in Europe and in particular is a key element of the research strategy at the Eurocontrol Experimental Centre. The research papers in this section of the Proceedings, introduced below, give some ideas of the issues facing ATM research in Europe.     

ATM/CNS: the response to current and future needs

Sweeping improvements are planned in European ATM to meet the challenge of traffic growth. This paper reviews the possible elements of an improved ATM system and discusses preferred avenues of progress in the light of current research and past experience.     

ATM: general description of the processes and influencing factors

The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with a broad understanding of the Air Traffic Management system and of the various interconnecting issues involved. Such understanding of what is the ATM system, its purpose, processes and influencing factors is, indeed, essential if we want to analyse the problems of today and the type of solutions that will need to be developed and implemented today and in the future to meet the challenges of a safe and efficient handling of air traffic in the European sky.     

Data link communication equipment approved by USAF for civil air traffic control

Operations within civil airspace will transition from traditional ground-based air traffic control (ATC) to air traffic management (ATM), a concept that requires aircrews and ground managers to share responsibility of aircraft separation assurance. Increased levels of information exchange will be necessary for this concept to work safely; therefore, air-ground communications will transition from voice to data link communications. The nature of data link communications procurement requires that avionics suppliers not only verify their products meet contractual performance requirements, but also demonstrate that their products are compatible with civil communication networks and ATC. In addition, the USAF needs to demonstrate that their crew-training program is adequate to maintain the required level of aircrew proficiency and equipment can be maintained for the required level of system performance, integrity, and interoperability with the civil environment. This paper outlines some of the certification issues facing the USAF with respect to the "Approval for Use" of data link equipment to be used for communication with ATC. It will also suggest a methodology for the avionics supplier and USAF to obtain the approvals required to ensure the installation of data link communications equipment on military aircraft will remain interoperable with civil ATC.     

空管灾害诱因分析及监测指标体系的构建

从操作人、空管设备、空管环境和管理的角度对空管的致灾诱因进行了详细分析。按照科学性、实用性、关联性和可操作性的原则,筛选出一组监测指标,在考虑空管行业数据来源的情况下,提出了现阶段和理想情况下的监测指标体系,目的在于通过对空管安全状态进行监测和诊断,及时采取预警和预控对策,促进空管系统处于安全状态,降低事故率。     

The future functionalities of the flight management system

The availability of new Communication, Navigation and Surveillance technologies provides the basis to move towards advanced Air Traffic Management (ATM) concepts. Some of these concepts will impact the airborne Flight Management System (FMS) by introducing new functions with different flight time horizons. In this discussion, two main flight time horizon are defined:The tactical flight time horizon is between 30s and 10mn ahead of the aircraft current position. Airborne separation from traffic, terrain and adverse weather will be introduced in this time horizon as a tactical function.The strategic flight time horizon is more than 10mn ahead of the aircraft current position. Weather datafusion, enroute inflight replanning assistance and air-ground trajectory negotiation will be introduced in this time horizon as strategic functions.The organisation of the associated future flight management system can be synthesised in the scheme (figure 1). The data to be displayed to the pilot for his flight awareness are functions of the flight phase, the type of airspace and of the type of situation encountered.Globally these data can be shared as functions of their flight time horizons, and their topic, as it is described in the table below. In the cells are indicated the flight objects that these data address.SEXTANT as a major avionics manufacturer is leading research and development activities in the area of ATM related airborne flight management functions. Their existing or expected findings are described in this article.     

地面等待策略中的时隙分配模型与算法研究

 机场拥塞是制约民航运输的瓶颈所在,地面等待策略(GHP)是解决机场拥塞的有效方法,其核心就是时隙分配问题。为适应我国空中交通持续发展需要,实现科学时隙分配的要求,对GHP已有的研究进行分析和归纳,重点论述了时隙分配的概念、属性、模型和算法,在此基础上总结了时隙分配的关键问题,即随机容量的影响、均衡模型的建立以及模型求解算法的研究。最后指出了时隙分配问题未来的研究方向。     

Is the need for a new ATM operational concept a strategic necessity?

We must face the fact that conventional methods of air traffic management (ATM) that have served us well cannot continue to cope indefinitely. We need-therefore, to decide what the new operational concept should be and agree on the transition path. Air traffic management is the term we apply today to the totality of the activities involved in the handling of air traffic. The quest for a new concept led to what was first called "free flight," an idea that has, in the meantime, acquired some notoriety and is today more commonly referred to in Europe as "air/ground cooperative ATS." Simply put, the original free flight concept, stipulated that given the right on-board equipment (display of traffic information, conflict detection, and resolution tools) aircraft could navigate and avoid each other completely on their own, without the need for ATC. That a new ATM operational concept will be needed to take the industry further by the time traditional methods run out of potential is difficult to question. Equally clear is that the only new concept available is free flight a.k.a. air/ground cooperative ATS.