The 1553 Advanced Communication Engine (1553-ACE)

The next-generation 1553 terminals will address the concerns of reducing the size, power, and cost and adding features required to off-load the system designer. The 1553-ACE series programmable terminal and the BUS-61580 ACE terminal are described. The various features incorporated especially the programmable options which make this series terminal so flexible are discussed. The ACE series has an advanced set of registers, internal 4 K words of shared RAM, dual encoder/decoders, and three-state buffers for address and data I/Os in one monolithic. It has selective I/O features, such as buffered DMA, or a shared RAM interface, with or without zero wait states to support a variety of microprocessors. Additional programmable features incorporated are RT circular data stacks programmed by individual subaddress, internal RAM command illegalization, and advanced bus controller and bus monitor options for bus snooping or for selective monitoring. The electrical, mechanical, and special competitive features of the 1553 ACE-series are highlighted. The military screening and mechanical specifications and other product options are covered     

270-VDC/hybrid 115-VAC electric power generating system technologydemonstrator

The approach, system architecture, instrumentation, and performance of a technology demonstrator system for the application of 270-VDC/hybrid 115-VAC electrical power generation and distribution to future military aircraft are examined. The design has focused on assembling a highly flexible test system. The loads are typical of those in a hybrid electrical system. The system consists of a single 3-phase, 115-VAC electrical generator whose output is rectified, filtered, and supplied through DC contactors to both a 270-VDC load bus and to the input of an inverter, which supplies a 400-Hz, 115-VAC load bus. A variable-frequency, 115-VAC bus is also available directly from the generator. A prototype variable-speed constant-frequency 120-kVA generator is used. The test facility is designed to provide loads to all power types capable of being produced by the system. The system has provided particularly good insight into various aspects of 270-VDC/115-VAC hybrid systems and their components     

基于多电飞机的先进供电技术研究

阐述了多电飞机的特征,对多电飞机供电系统先进技术进行了研究,探讨了基于多电飞机的电气系统结构、电源系统、配电系统、负载自动管理技术等。     

Power management and distribution system for a more-electricaircraft (MADMEL)

A five-phase Power Management and Distribution System for a More-Electric Aircraft (MADMEL) program was awarded by the Air Force to Northrop/Grumman Military Aircraft Division in September 1991. The objective of the program is to design, develop, and demonstrate an advanced electrical power generation and distribution system for a More-Electric Aircraft (MEA). The MEA emphasizes the use of electrical power in place of hydraulics, pneumatic, and mechanical power to optimize the performance and life cycle cost of the aircraft. This paper presents an overview of the MADMEL program and a top-level summary of the program results, development and test of major components to date. In Phase I and Phase II studies, the electrical load requirements were established and the electrical power system architecture was defined for both near-term (NT-year 1996) and far-term (FT-year 2003) MEA application. The detailed design and specification for the Electrical Power System (EPS), its interface with the Vehicle Management System, and the test set-up were developed under Phase III. Phase IV, fabrication and testing of the subsystem level hardware, has been completed. Overall system level integration and testing, Phase V, is scheduled to be completed by September 1999     

Hybrid power source for manportable applications

In this paper, we present the results of work with a hybrid power system made of a fuel cell and rechargeable battery with pulse power capability. This hybrid power source successfully ran pulse power load based on the power profile of the present and future manportable military electronics and communications equipment. The hybrid consisted of a 35 W proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack in parallel with a Li-ion battery. In this work, two cyclic load scenarios were utilized. Each consisted of a baseline load for 9 minutes followed by a higher pulse load for 1 minute. One test profile consisted of 20 W (baseline)/40 W (pulse) load, whereas, the second was 25 W/50 W. Under both scenarios, the hybrid provided significant enhancements in performance over the individual components tested separately. These results are discussed and analyzed. Also discussed are possible future implications of such technology and approach.     

基于GRNN算法的飞机用电设备非侵入式负荷监测方法

随着飞机的多电化和全电化,机上电气检测及其负荷管理至关重要,然而飞机上为诊断所设置的传感器数量要求越少越好,非侵入式负荷监测（NILM）方法无需分散进入负荷内部,仅检测汇流条级别电力参数可完成负荷识别。选择稳态电流谐波参数为负荷印记,采集某型飞机交流主汇流条上用电设备真实电流波形,提取1~19次谐波含量建立特征库,用广义回归神经网络（GRNN）算法辨识负荷类别,设置适当样本数和扩展速度以有效提高识别准确度。实验表明：GRNN算法较之BP神经网络算法和SVM算法识别准确度更高,计算速度更适于飞机电气系统负荷监测和管理。将非侵入式负荷监测方法引入飞机供电系统分析,将为飞机电气管理、故障诊断和预测等进一步研究提供有效参考。     

Aerospace High Voltage Development

High voltage has been used for electrical power system generation, transmission, and distribution for over 75 years and manufacturers have been designing x-rays, radios/television transmitters and receivers for many years with excellent success. High voltage usage in aerospace equipment initiated during World War II with the advent of high power communications and radar for airplanes. About 20 years ago the first high voltage components were built for spacecraft systems. This article is to provide some insight into the status of high voltage for aerospace equipment and the differences between terrestial and aerospace system functions and the attendant problems. What are the basic differences between terrestial/commercial and aerospace equipment? The aerospace environment is defined as that significantly above the Earth's surface: From 5000 feet altitude to deep space. The basic differences are the constraints placed on the user vehicle (airplane, missile, or spacecraft). Constraints include: Atmospheric pressure, temperature, lifting capability, electronic requirements, and volume. Early airplanes needed only radios and mechanical pressurization instruments. Today's sophisticted airplanes require transmitters, receivers, controls, displays, and in the military case, special electronics. The addition of electronic devices has increased the electrical power demand from a few watts (for early aircraft) to well over one megawatt for special applications. There is the need for compact packaging to reduce weight and volume. Spacecraft with booster limitations are ever more restrictive of weight and volume then airplanes while they must maintain complete electrical system integrity for mission durations of several months to years.     

A Kilowatt Rotary Power Transformer

Many future satellite configurations will require the transfer of signals and power across rotating interfaces. Satellite systems are particularly cost effective for both commercial and military communications applications if their useful lifetime can be demonstrated to be greater than five years. The rotary transformer has the desireable characteristics of high reliability and low noise which qualify it as a potential replacement for slip rings. This paper describes the development of a rotary transformer for typical spacecraft applications. The transformer is built in modular sections, each capable of transferring 500 watts across a gap at efficiencies greater than 88 percent, dc to dc. The design effort included a study of pertinent electrical characteristics required for typical spacecraft configurations, electrical design and analyses of the overall dc-dc converter, mechanical design of the transformer cores and their assembly, and a study of transformer core and winding characteristics. Breadboard test results have demonstrated the desired level of efficiency, satisfactory operation over temperature, and satisfactory electrical characteristics.     

The All-Electric Fighter Airplane Flight Control Issues, Capabilities, and Projections

The prime issues raised in any all-electric airplane discussion are (1) is the electric power system as reliable and trustworthy as a hydraulic power system; (2) can electromechanical flight control actuators perform satisfactorily, i.e., can the performance match that of hydraulic actuators; (3) can redundant electromechanical actuation systems (EMAS) be designed to equal the flight safety reliability of dual tandem hydraulic actuators; and (4) can satisfactory solutions be found or developed for dissipating the heat generated in actuators and power controllers. The first question should be inconsequential since it is assumed that the all-electric aircraft will be equipped with a fly-by-wire (FBW) flight control system (FCS) which is already dependent upon an uninterrupted supply of electrical power. Design studies and hardware already developed show that the answer to question (2) is that EMAS outperform hydraulic actuators, particularly under load. The answer to question (3) is not as clear primarily because the issue has not been addressed in any depth. As posed the answer must be yes, but with the proviso that the weight might be greater than currently predicted. Studies have shown that we can cope with the heat dissipation issue addressed in question (4) in the case of motors and inverter/power controllers. The projections regarding usage of EMAS and the future of the all-electric airplane must be based on the type of vehicle (small subsonic transport, large transport, or military tighter) and the economics involved.     

航空电连接器接触件疲劳寿命的可靠性分析

为研究电连接器接触件疲劳寿命的可靠性问题,以某型军用航空电连接器通用接触件插针插孔为研究对象,应用有限元软件ABAQUS计算了接触件单次插拔过程中的接触性能。基于断裂力学理论,根据受力状况建立了接触件疲劳失效物理模型,进而联合疲劳分析软件FE-SAFE建立了接触件疲劳寿命的仿真计算模型。考虑插孔关键结构尺寸制造误差和插孔插针配合误差的随机性,利用蒙特卡罗抽样法随机构造初始装配模型并仿真计算对应的疲劳寿命,进而统计得出了接触件疲劳寿命的分布类型和分布参数,建立了电连接器接触件疲劳寿命的可靠性分析模型。结果表明：所建模型可实现电连接器任意次插拔后疲劳寿命小于许用寿命的可靠度预测,能对电连接器在许用寿命条件下2种误差的许用极限进行有效限定,可为电连接器接触件的可靠性设计、制造和装配提供理论参考。     

基于故障树的某型飞机电源BIT分析

对飞机机电系统进行机内自检测（ＢＩＴ）设计和研究已提上日程,本文提出了以故障树（ＦＴ）为基础的某型飞机电源系统故障分析方法,对欠压、欠频两种典型故障进行了故障树分析,最后对我国电源ＢＩＴ技术的发展方向提出了建议。     

军用飞机结构耐久性设计的细节疲劳额定值方法

 为满足军用飞机研制初步设计阶段对结构耐久性(疲劳)快速设计与评估的迫切需求,在全面分析军用飞机与民用飞机主要区别的前提下,针对军用飞机结构与使用载荷特点,以民用飞机细节疲劳额定值(DFR)方法的基本思想和技术途径为基础,从寿命服从对数正态分布的假设出发,对随机载荷谱的当量等幅化方法、结构DFR许用值的确定技术以及标准S--N曲线的建立等关键问题进行深入研究,建立了适用于军用飞机的DFR方法及相应的工程实施技术。初步应用表明方法可行且偏保守,能明显缩短研制周期、降低研制成本,具有重要的工程意义和应用价值,可用于军用飞机研制的初步耐久性设计。     

弹片热机械疲劳试验方法研究及设计

针对弹片的热机械疲劳（TMF）试验要求,采用机械设计技术、机电技术、冷却技术、计算机技术和数据采集技术,提出了压力载荷和热载荷的加载方法,建立了2种载荷5个试验件的并联试验控制系统,并设计了弹片热机械疲劳试验器。试验结果表明:该系统能够同时模拟服役环境下弹片的压力载荷和热载荷。利用该试验系统进行了弹片的热机械疲劳试验,试验结果再现了弹片在服役状态下的失效模式。试验系统具有良好的重复度、较高的加载频率和加载精度。压力载荷最大相对误差为2.4%,绝对误差小于0.5N。温度载荷最大相对误差为3.55%,最大绝对误差为3.89℃。      

放宽静稳定电传客机纵向短周期品质评定方法

民用客机强调飞行的安全性和舒适性,由于设计与使用的特点,其短周期模态的自然频率、操纵灵敏度与带宽均较低,时间延迟较大,且一般采用不同于军用运输机的控制律构型。提出以军用规范作为参照的电传客机飞行品质评定及适航审定方法,是现代民用客机飞行控制律设计的关键问题。为改善某放宽静稳定构型客机的短周期飞行品质,设计了迎角、C^*和过载构型飞行控制律。按咨询通告AC25-7A所给出的操纵品质等级评定方法(HQRM),采用等效系统评定法、高阶频域法和高阶时域法评定了闭环飞机的短周期飞行品质及适航符合性。结果表明,军用规范条款对时延和带宽的限制对于客机可适当放宽。对于迎角构型,等效系统参数准则、带宽准则和俯仰速率响应准则均适用;过载构型评定应采用等效系统参数准则、俯仰速率响应准则;C^*属非常规响应构型,应采用带宽准则和俯仰速率响应准则评定。     

CAN总线在飞机交流电源功率控制器中的应用

交流电源功率控制器(APCU)是实现飞机电气负载控制与电源自动化管理的重要组成部分。系统采用CAN总线设计实现了APCU与供电系统处理机和机电综合管理系统的通信。利用流和管道技术编写了基于DSP/BIOS的CAN总线的设备驱动程序。为了满足通信需求,本论文中共设计了2个CAN接口,一个为F2812内置的CAN接口模块,另一个为通过SJA1000的扩展CAN接口模块以备用。通过实际的通信试验,结果表明系统通信运行可靠,数据传输准确,符合预期的设计目标。     

民用飞机配电网络过流保护分析方法研究

飞机配电网络过流保护分析是验证飞机电网设计合理性、可靠性和安全性的重要内容之一.因此,主要对飞机配电网络过流保护分析方法进行了研究,并提出了一种特性曲线法.该特性曲线法基于导线载流特性曲线和电网保护装置过流保护动作特性曲线,分析方法简单、实用,可用于支持合格审定阶段飞机配电网络设计验证.     

Advanced developments in NiH2 Dependent Pressure Vessel(DPV) cell and battery technology

The Dependent Pressure Vessel (DPV) Nickel-Hydrogen (NiH₂ ) design is being developed by Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. (EPI) as an advanced battery for military and commercial, aerospace and terrestrial applications. The DPV cell design offers high specific energy and energy density as well as reduced cost, while retaining the established Individual Pressure Vessel (IPV) technology flight heritage and database. This advanced DPV design also offers a more efficient mechanical, electrical and thermal cell and battery configuration and a reduced parts count. The DPV battery design promotes compact, minimum volume packaging and weight efficiency, and delivers cost and weight savings with minimal design risks     

Higher Voltage Aircraft Power Systems

Modern aircraft designs are focused on minimising the use of engine bleed air, eliminating gearboxes, and reducing the reliance on hydraulic systems. Instead, many of these mechanical systems will be replaced with electrical versions. The increasing amounts of electrical power that will be shipped through an aircraft means that it is increasingly difficult to rely on low voltage power systems owing to voltage drop and weight constraints. This discusses the challenges that relate to the safe use of higher voltage systems within aircraft.