A method for aircraft magnetic interference compensation based on small signal model and LMS algorithm

Aeromagnetic interference could not be compensated effectively if the precision of parameters which are solved by the aircraft magnetic field model is low. In order to improve the compensation effect under this condition, a method based on small signal model and least mean square（LMS） algorithm is proposed. According to the method, the initial values of adaptive filter＇s weight vector are calculated with the solved model parameters through small signal model at first,then the small amount of direction cosine and its derivative are set as the input of the filter, and the small amount of the interference is set as the filter＇s expected vector. After that, the aircraft magnetic interference is compensated by LMS algorithm. Finally, the method is verified by simulation and experiment. The result shows that the compensation effect can be improved obviously by the LMS algorithm when original solved parameters have low precision. The method can further improve the compensation effect even if the solved parameters have high precision.     

Modeling and Control for Magnetostrictive Hysteresis

To deal with the rate-dependent hysteresis presented in a magnetostrictive actuator, a new method of modeling and control is pro-posed. The relationship between inputs and outputs of the actuator is approximately described by a dynamic differential equation with two rate-dependent coefficients, each expressed as a polynomial of frequency. For a given frequency, the coefficients will be able to be estimated by approximating the experimental data of the outputs of the magnetostrictive actuator. Based on this model, a quasi-PID con-troller is designed. In the space of the coefficients and frequency, the stable domain of closed loop system with hysteresis is analyzed. The numerical simulation and experiments have born witness to the feasibility of the proposed new method.     

A Linear-correction Least-squares Approach for Geolocation Using FDOA Measurements Only

  A linear-correction least-squares(LCLS) estimation procedure is proposed for geolocation using frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) measurements only. We first analyze the measurements of FDOA, and further derive the Cram閞-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of geolocation using FDOA measurements. For the localization model is a nonlinear least squares(LS) estimator with a nonlinear constrained, a linearizing method is used to convert the model to a linear least squares estimator with a nonlinear constrained. The Gauss-Newton iteration method is developed to conquer the source localization problem. From the analysis of solving Lagrange multiplier, the algorithm is a generalization of linear-correction least squares estimation procedure under the condition of geolocation using FDOA measurements only. The algorithm is compared with common least squares estimation. Comparisons of their estimation accuracy and the CRLB are made, and the proposed method attains the CRLB. Simulation results are included to corroborate the theoretical development.     

An improved quaternion Gauss–Newton algorithm for attitude determination using magnetometer and accelerometer

For the vector attitude determination, the traditional optimal algorithms which are based on quaternion estimator(QUEST) measurement noise model are complicated for just two observations. In our application, the magnetometer and accelerometer are not two comparable kinds of sensors and both are not small field-of-view sensors as well. So in this paper a new unit measurement model is derived. According to the Wahba problem, the optimal weights for each measurement are obtained by the error variance researches. Then an improved quaternion Gauss–Newton method is presented and adopted to acquire attitude. Eventually, simulation results and experimental validation employed to test the proposed method demonstrate the usefulness of the improved algorithm.     

Rotor cross-tilt optimization for yaw control improvement of multi-rotor eVTOL aircraft

Manned multi-rotor electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing(eVTOL) aircraft is prone to actuator saturation due to its weak yaw control efficiency. To address this inherent problem, a rotor cross-tilt configuration is applied in this paper, with an optimization method proposed to improve the overall control efficiency of the vehicle. First, a flight dynamics model of a 500-kg manned multi-rotor eVTOL aircraft is established. The accuracy of the co-axial rotor model is verified using a single arm te...     

A two-step weighted least-squares method for joint estimation of source and sensor locations: A general framework

It is well known that the Two-step Weighted Least-Squares(TWLS) is a widely used method for source localization and sensor position refinement. For this reason, we propose a unified framework of the TWLS method for joint estimation of multiple disjoint sources and sensor locations in this paper. Unlike some existing works, the presented method is based on more general measurement model, and therefore it can be applied to many different localization scenarios.Besides, it does not have the initialization and local convergence problem. The closed-form expression for the covariance matrix of the proposed TWLS estimator is also derived by exploiting the first-order perturbation analysis. Moreover, the estimation accuracy of the TWLS method is shown analytically to achieve the Cramér-Rao Bound(CRB) before the threshold effect takes place. The theoretical analysis is also performed in a common mathematical framework, rather than aiming at some specific signal metrics. Finally, two numerical experiments are performed to support the theoretical development in this paper.     

飞机整体壁板广义槽分层识别方法及其实现算法(英文)

To automatically obtain a machining area in numerical control （NC） programming, a data model of generalized pocket is established by analyzing aircraft integral panel characteristics, and a feature recognition approach is proposed. First, by reference to the practical slice-machining process of an aircraft integral panel, both the part and the blank are sliced in the Z-axis direction; hence a feature profile is created according to the slicing planes and the contours are formed by the intersection of the slicing planes with the part and its blank. Second, the auxiliary features of the generalized pocket are also determined based on the face type and the position, to correct the profile of the pocket. Finally, the generalized pocket feature relationship tree is constructed by matching the vertical relationships among the features. Machining feature information produced by using this method can be directly used to calculate the cutter path. The validity and practicability of the method is verified by NC programming for aircraft panels.     

CALCULATION OF FUEL SLOSHING AND ITS COUPLING VIBRATION WITH A TANK

The response of fuel-tank-sloshing to aircraft maneuver is a difficult mathematical problem to be solved. Beginning with setting up the mechanical model and the respective mathematical model, this paper uses both F.E. and B.E.M. to imitate the sloshing process. The paper has developed some special techniques to deal with strong nonlinear characteristics, and provided satisfactory numerical results of displacements and stress for low frequency, resonance, high frequency and fuel tank dynamic response characteristics. The program not only assures convergence and stability of the solution, but also has the function of graphic display. It is a valuable technique to deal with the strong nonlinear oscillation of fuel tank with large amplitude and moving boundary condition on free surface.     

Non-fragile switched H_∞ control for morphing aircraft with asynchronous switching

This paper deals with the problem of non-fragile linear parameter-varying(LPV) H_∞ control for morphing aircraft with asynchronous switching.The switched LPV model of morphing aircraft is established by Jacobian linearization approach according to the nonlinear model.The data missing is taken into account in the link from sensors to controllers and the link from controllers to actuators,which satisfies Bernoulli distribution.The non-fragile switched LPV controllers are constructed with consideration of the uncertainties of controllers and asynchronous switching phenomenon.The parameter-dependent Lyapunov functional method and mode-dependent average dwell time(MDADT) method are combined to guarantee the stability and prescribed performance of the system.The sufficient conditions on the solvability of the problem are derived in the form of linear matrix inequalities(LMI).In order to achieve higher efficiency of the designing process,an algorithm is applied to divide the whole set into subsets automatically.Simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the method in the paper.     

航天器非平稳振动环境TVAR时频分析(英文)

Predicting the time-varying auto-spectral density of a spacecraft in high-altitude orbits requires an accurate model for the non-stationary random vibration signals with densely spaced modal frequency. The traditional time-varying algorithm limits prediction accuracy, thus affecting a number of operational decisions. To solve this problem, a time-varying auto regressive （TVAR） model based on the process neural network （PNN） and the empirical mode decomposition （EMD） is proposed. The time-varying system is tracked on-line by establishing a time-varying parameter model, and then the relevant parameter spectrum is obtained. Firstly, the EMD method is utilized to decompose the signal into several intrinsic mode functions （IMFs）. Then for each IMF, the PNN is established and the time-varying auto-spectral density is obtained. Finally, the time-frequency distribution of the signals can be reconstructed by linear superposition. The simulation and the analytical results from an example demonstrate that this approach possesses simplicity, effectiveness, and feasibility, as well as higher frequency resolution.     

计及随机噪声的频域多输入多输出模态参数识别

提出了一种计及随机噪声的多输入多输出频域模态参数识别方法。该方法基于连续时间域的频率响应函数有理分式模型,利用Forsythe正交多项式改善求解性态,属频域的极大似然类估计方法。在最小二乘估计的基础上,利用"先验"的随机噪声信息进行优化迭代的极大似然估计,得到更优的模态参数识别结果。根据Cramer Rao下界不等式,在几乎不增加计算量的情况下获得所识别结果的不确定性信息,提高了模态参数识别的可靠性。采用GARTEUR飞机模型作为仿真算例,对本算法进行了仿真验证。     

频域最小二乘辨识方法的参数约束条件选取

近年来,频域最小二乘(LS)辨识方法因其较小的计算量和较高的辨识精度,在模态分析尤其是飞机颤振模态分析中得到了广泛关注。在实际应用中为提高辨识精度,通常采用过拟合方法进行系统辨识,然而过高的模型阶次会引入多余的数学极点,导致稳态图中虚假模态的出现,进而影响真实模态的识别。为此,针对多输入多输出系统辨识问题,研究了两种典型参数约束条件对频域最小二乘辨识方法的不同影响,通过理论分析和数学推导解释了约束条件和虚假数学极点稳定性之间的关系。研究结果表明:适当选取约束条件有助于区分真实和虚假模态,是获得清晰稳态图的关键。最后,采用仿真算例和颤振实测数据验证了本文的结论。     

基于左矩阵分式模型的模态参数识别方法

提出一种多输入多输出(MIMO)系统的宽频模态参数识别算法。该方法基于频响函数(FRF)的左矩阵分式模型(LMFD),通过最小二乘法在z域内求解模态参数,避免了s域内矩阵的病态问题。针对左矩阵分式模型的特点,给出了一种通过主分量分析(PCA)建立稳定图的方法。指出了传统的频域多参考点(PRFD)方法与基于左矩阵分式模型识别方法之间的关系。最后采用GARTEUR模型仿真算例与飞机模型的实测算例对所提出的方法进行了验证,结果表明该方法具有良好的识别效果。     

Reliability and Sensitivity Analysis of Transonic Flutter Using Improved Line Sampling Technique

The improved line sampling (LS) technique, an effective numerical simulation method, is employed to analyze the probabilistic characteristics and reliability sensitivity of flutter with random structural parameter in transonic flow. The improved LS technique is a novel methodology for reliability and sensitivity analysis of high dimensionality and low probability problem with implicit limit state function, and it does not require any approximating surrogate of the implicit limit state equation. The improved LS is used to estimate the flutter reliability and the sensitivity of a two-dimensional wing, in which some structural properties, such as frequency, parameters of gravity center and mass ratio, are considered as random variables. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based unsteady aerodynamic reduced order model (ROM) method is used to construct the aerodynamic state equations. Coupling structural state equations with aerodynamic state equations, the safety margin of flutter is founded by using the critical velocity of flutter. The results show that the improved LS technique can effectively decrease the computational cost in the random uncertainty analysis of flutter. The reliability sensitivity, defined by the partial derivative of the failure probability with respect to the distribution parameter of random variable, can help to identify the important parameters and guide the structural optimization design.     

对我国以往常用前起落架载荷谱存在问题的探索

 通过对轰六前起落架主、辅减摆器使用载荷谱的实测、疲劳试验实施方法和试验结果的介绍与分析,初步探索了我国以往常用前起落架载荷谱中存在的问题以及疲劳试验结果与前起落架外场实际破坏不符的原因。并对今后编制前起落架载荷谱和确定前起落架疲劳试验加载方法提出了改进意见。     

飞行器翼面颤振模型设计可行性分析

颤振模型设计是动力学反问题 ,其数学实质即广义特征值问题的反演。从反演可解性的基本理论出发 ,以某型号飞机高、低速颤振模型结构设计为背景 ,提出了模型结构设计必须遵循的准则。为减少模型结构设计的盲目性 ,提供了一个实用而有效的工具 ,并以具体的数值例子 ,说明了这个设计准则的实际应用。     

有理分式正交多项式频响函数模态参数识别

 讨论一种多输入的频域模态参数识别方法。该方法将频响函数表示为具有矩阵系数的有理分式,利用Forsythe 正交多项式减少方程的病态并解耦系统矩阵,随后运用特征值与奇异值分解求解系统的极点与留数。使用欧洲国家航空界广泛使用的GARTEUR 飞机模型进行仿真计算。结果表明:该方法在30 %噪声下仍具有对严重耦合模态的识别能力;振型识别较为准确;适当提高分母阶次能取得更好的识别结果。     

基于矩阵奇异值理论的颤振分析新方法

根据颤振分析的基本概念,提出了一类基于矩阵奇异值理论的颤振分析新方法。该方法的特点是,以计算颤振矩阵最小奇异值或条件数的倒数来直接搜索颤振临界点。证明了这两个指标在颤振临界点处的等价性。根据指标在颤振临界点附近取极小值的特点,编制了相应的算法,在确定颤振临界点时无需计算颤振特征根,避免了“窜支”问题,从而减少了人工干预,提高了计算自动化程度。数值算例结果表明,采用该方法计算得到的颤振临界速度和颤振频率与p-k法计算结果的精度相当,且两个指标对应的计算结果一致,验证了其等价性。