X射线耀斑的强度指标

本文利用GOES-7卫星的1分钟记录资料研究了1991年3月和6月期间6个大X耀斑伴随的软X射线爆发特性和源强度的关系。结果指出：对X射线耀斑，其射线辐射流量上升快的在日冕中激起的激波速度也较快．数值模拟研究指出，这可能反映爆发能量释放速率是源强度的主要指标．     

太阳射电微波爆发的频谱分析

1981年4月1日太阳发生一个4N级Hα耀斑并伴随出现强烈的IV型射电爆发.本文对北京天文台,西澳大利亚站等射电资料进行分析.分析表明:(1)该事件的微波源状态相对稳定,米波源位置存在移动,因此产生微波辐射与米波辐射是两组不同的电子群体,在爆发频谱指数的时变曲线上表现出明显的形态差异.还由于两者辐射源的位置不同,微波与米波的爆发在峰值时刻上也不完全符合.(2)4月1日微波大爆发是由三个主爆发组成的,它们的峰值时刻分别为0135.1,0146.1,0153.6UT.由射电高频端谱指数算出的非热电子能谱指数表明,在射电爆发的三个峰值时刻电子能谱都变硬.本文还得出该活动区的非热电子平均速度(以光速c为单位)β为0.9左右,磁场强度B为430G.并由回旋同步辐射阻尼算得,非热电子的寿命为829秒,这个数值与三个主峰的持续时间相吻合.     

Developments in high-precision gamma-ray burst source studies

The first interplanetary gamma-ray burst spacecraft network is making possible the precise determination of gamma-ray burst source locations. This network is an international cooperation involving the Helios-2, Pioneer Venus, Venera-11, Venera-12, ISEE-3 and Prognoz-7 spacecraft. The celestial regions that have been defined, with one exception, have no correlations either to known x-ray emitters or to steady optical counterparts, to ～ 22nd mag. The event of 1979 March 5 has a very small source field located within the contour of the supernova remnant N49 in the LMC; the possibility of this measurement as a source identification, the 55 kpc distance of N49 as opposed to the nearby source distances assumed for typical bursts, and the very different characteristics of this event, however, are three arguments for its separate classification. The recent identification of an archived, 50-year old, optical transient within the high-precision source field of a typical burst [1] suggests both that events may repeat and that sources may be localized with even greater accuracy optically.This review outlines the precise source location data being produced by the first and the second spacecraft networks, the possibilities of additional networks and of related studies in other disciplines, and the prospects both for real-time optical transient observations and for the definition of gamma-ray burst sources by optical transient astronomy.     

一个亚耀斑的精细结构与演化

本文对1981年5月8日16h13mUT开始的-N级Hα耀斑进行了图象处理,画出了等光度图。在此基础上,采用二种光度测量法:一是定点法,相对于日面上稳定的定点(～1″),测出50个亮点的位置及其光度变化;另一是亮点跟踪法,测出每一时刻最亮点的位置,看位置的变动。从而得到耀斑的精细结构与演化过程。      

Relative positions of microwave and hard X-ray burst sources

Simultaneous microwave and hard X-ray imaging observations of 12 bursts show that it is difficult to discern a general pattern between microwave and hard X-ray burst locations. In general, the microwave source is displaced from the hard X-ray source. The commonly believed behavior of the microwave source being located near the top and hard X-ray source near the footpoints of a loop appears to be true in some cases but not all. If the burst source is simple, both may be located near loop tops. Sometimes when the hard X-ray source has two components, one weak and one strong, the microwave source is not located over a neutral line (loop top) but close to a sunspot where the magnetic field is strongest. It appears that more than one loop or arcade may sometimes be involved in the microwave and hard X-ray emission. This is particularly true when several interacting loops trigger the onset of a flare.     

Simultaneous dual wavelength observations of an impulsive microwave burst using the V.L.A.

Simultaneous observations of a microwave burst at 2 and 6 cm wavelengths were carried out with the Very Large Array (VLA). The 6 cm burst source is located close to a magnetic neutral line, presumably near the top of a flaring loop, while the 2 cm emission originates from the footpoints of the loop. It is concluded that the 6 cm emission is dominated by gyrosynchrotron radiation of the thermal electrons in the bulk heated plasma at a temperature of ～ 4 × 10⁷ K, while the 2 cm emission is due to nonthermal particles released and accelerated during the flare process. From the observed low degree of polarization and the lack of the 2 cm source cospatiality with the 6 cm source a magnetic field of 200–350 G and δ ? 4 are estimated in the flare energy release site. A DC electric field flare model is invoked to explain the long delay between the peaks at the two wavelengths. From the delay, the strength of the electric field is estimated to be 0.2–4 μ statvolt cm^?1 in the flaring region.     

2006年12月13日太阳射电暴对GPS观测的影响

日地空间环境不仅影响航天器运行和安全, 也是导航、定位和通信等无线 电应用系统主要的误差源. 其中来自太阳L波段的射电暴被认为是全球导航卫星 系统(GNSS)稳定和性能的潜在威胁因素, 当L波段射电爆发达到一定阈值时, 将给用户带来不同程度的射电噪声干扰, 严重时会引起接收机失锁和定位服务 中断. 本文对2006年12月13日太阳射电暴对GPS造成的影响进行了研究, 利用太阳射电 观测数据、L波段闪烁观测数据和向阳面不同区域的GPS观测网数据, 分析 GPS观测对射电暴的响应. 结果表明, 此次事件对GPS观测产生了明显的影响, 射 电暴期间GPS发生幅度闪烁事件和明显失锁现象, 多个台站上空的多颗GPS 卫星 信号完全中断长达6min左右, 且多个台站上空锁定的卫星数目小于4颗, 使 得GPS定位完全失效. 相对而言, 射电暴期间日下点附近的GPS台站受到的影响 比远离日下点的大.     

Cut-off features in interplanetary solar radio type IV emission

Solar radio type IV bursts can sometimes show directivity, so that no burst is observed when the source region in located far from the solar disk center. This has recently been verified also from space observations, at decameter wavelengths, using a 3D-view to the Sun with STEREO and Wind satellites. It is unclear whether the directivity is caused by the emission mechanism, by reduced radio wave formation toward certain directions, or by absorption/blocking of radio waves along the line of sight. We present here observations of three type IV burst events that occurred on 23, 25, and 29 July 2004, and originated from the same active region. The source location of the first event was near the solar disk center and in the third event near the west limb. Our analysis shows that in the last two events the type IV bursts experienced partial cut-offs in their emission, that coincided with the appearance of shock-related type II bursts. The type II bursts were formed at the flanks and leading fronts of propagating coronal mass ejections (CMEs). These events support the suggestion of absorption toward directions where the type II shock regions are located.     

Great solar bursts of October 19, 22 and 23, 1989

Itapetinga measurements at 48 GHz with the multibeam technique are used to determine the relative position of solar burst centroid of emission with high spatial accuracy and time resolution. For the Great Bursts of October 19,22, 1989, with a large production of relativistic particles, and October 23, it is suggested that, at 48 GHz, the bursts might have originated in more then one source in space and time. Additionally the October 19 and 22 Ground Level Events exhibited very unusual intensity-time profiles including double component structures for the onset phase. The Bern observatory spectral radio emission data show a strong spectral flattening typical for large source inhomogeneties. The interpretation for this is that large solar flares are a superposition of a few strong bursts (separated both in space and time) in the same flaring region.     

SLX 1746-311 in outburst

We report on RXTE-PCA observations of SLX 1746-311 during a 100 day outburst in April 2003. We present the 3–20 keV PCA energy spectra of the source and study evolution of spectral parameters. The burst spectrum is soft with T_in 1.3 keV at the beginning of the outburst. There is a clear evidence of a hard power law component throughout the outburst. There is also an indication of a broad iron line. The source exhibits three state transitions with considerable change in the hardness ratio at low count rates. We discuss the possible scenario under which this unusual behaviour can be explained.     

风云二号B星原始云图中频模拟器

为了配合风云二号B星原始云图调解器的研制，制作了相关的卫星信号的中频模拟设备。该中频模拟器由突发数据源，噪声源和调制器三部分组成，介绍了其系统原理和各单元实现。     

Recent studies of the optical counterpart of GX 1+4

The galactic X-ray source GX 1+4 has been undergoing remarkable changes since early 1991. The X-ray pulsar has shown fast spin down accompanied by an increase in the hard X-ray intensity. We have obtained 1.6Å resolution spectra of the optical counterpart extending the known spectrum to 8500Å. The Ca II (8498Å) line seen for the first time from this source is indicative of a nova burst scenario. Other lines detected for the first time are detailed and the significance of these features is discussed.     

Observations of cosmic gamma-ray bursts

The recent discovery of a late-1983 cluster of soft transients /1,2/ adds a new aspect to the study of gamma ray bursts. Its source is consistent with that of an isolated, > 4-year earlier event from the galactic bulge /3/. It is the third repeating series found to date with gamma-ray burst instrumentation; typical events of all three are fairly brief in duration and have energies below those typical of the harder, > 150-keV events and well above those of X-ray bursts. One may speculate that these soft repeaters form a separate population with sources in high-density (galactic or LMC) regions, given the disk and the N49 source directions for the three series.Gamma ray burst workshops and conferences of recent years are cited. Current viewpoints include a size spectrum based on peak intensity that can fit the −1.5-index power law /4/; this, consistent with the continuing isotropy of hard bursts /5/, implies the absence of any source region information. Observations of spectral evolution /6,7/ and of very high every components /8/, together with uncertainties as to the low-energy features, suggest that the understanding of hard burst spectra may be premature. Evidence for regular features in time histories has been inferred /9/; less convincing than in the soft prototype of 1979 March 5, the effects of quasi-periodic processes may be indicated instead.Since the hard, “classical” bursts and the soft repeaters may not necessarily have a great deal in common, and with no conclusive counterpart studies, the assumption that nearby neutron stars are the sources of the hard events remains plausible but unproved.     

Observation of a strong gamma-ray burst on the spacelab 2 mission

A strong, confirmed gamma-ray burst was observed by a background-monitoring scintillation detector on the Spacelab 2 mission. The peak of the burst was at 00:56:38 UT on August 5, 1985. The large size of the detector allowed observations up to 16 MeV with high efficiency. A high data rate provided time-resolved observations over the energy range from 60 keV to 16 MeV, limited only by counting statistics.The burst was dominated by a single peak, ∼2 s wide, with softer, lower-level emission lasting ∼20 s> after the main peak. There was no evidence for time structure less than ∼0.2 s anywhere in the burst in any energy range. These characteristics are similar to a sizeable fraction (∼25%) of burst seen in the Konus catalog and we suggest that they are distinct from the more complex, “spiky” bursts and may have a different emission mechanism.In the energy range from ∼560 keV to ∼10 meV, the burst peaks ∼0.3 s before the peak at lower energies. Radiation in the energy range ∼10 to ∼16 MeV was detected at a confidence level of >96%, about 3 s before the lower energy radiation with roughly the same pulse width. This radiation is not detected during the main part of the burst. The energy of this burst in the range above 1 MeV is a significant fraction of the total burst energy, confirming the earlier SMM results.     

Microwave imaging observation of an electron stream in a solar flare

We report a Nobeyama Radioheliograph (NoRH) microwave observation of a propagating feature of non thermal emission in a solar flare. The flare had a very extended source well resolved by NoRH. In the rising phase of the microwave burst, a non-thermal gyrosynchrotron source was observed by the high-rate (10 images per second) observations to propagate from one end of the loop to the other with a speed of 9 × 10⁴ km s⁻¹. We interpret this non-thermal propagating source is emitted from streaming electrons.     

Observations of “zebra” pattern in cm-range with spatial resolution

We present the results of the first observations of the solar microwave burst with fine spectral structure of zebra type at the frequency about 5.7 GHz. The burst has been detected simultaneously by the Siberian Solar Radio Telescope and by the spectropolarimeter of the National Astronomical Observatory of China. Zebra pattern consisted of three parallel stripes with complex frequency drift. The degree of circular polarization of emission reached 100%, the polarization sense corresponded to the extraordinary wave (X-mode). We have determined the plasma parameters in the emission source: plasma density about 10¹¹ cm⁻³, magnetic field strength 60–80 G. We argue that in the given event the most probable mechanism of the zebra pattern generation is non-linear coupling of harmonics of Bernstein modes.     

同无黑子耀斑相协的微波爆发机制的探讨

1980—1984年期间,我们在云南天文台9375MHz,3653MHz和2902 HHz三个波段的射电观测资料中,查到11组微波爆发与无黑子耀斑相伴随。本文研究了这些爆发与耀斑的大气层高度,射电爆发类型以及通过落进峰值流量-时间图的位置,确认出爆发机制是活动区中作麦克斯韦分布电子的热轫致辐射。     

微波爆发前太阳射电发射的周期振荡

本文分析了1979年1月一12月紫台3.2cm、10cm波段上的爆发资料,峰值流量增量ΔS/S≥50%的爆发共计25个,发现所有25个爆发的爆前记录曲线上都存在着周期从几秒一10几秒、振幅约为太阳非扰动分量l%的振荡。这种振荡一般先于爆发几小时或几天。但对于特大爆发,如47GB型爆发,在长时间持续振荡以后,往往在爆前几十分钟或几小时突归宁静,呈平滑记录;对于较小的爆发,脉冲爆或持续期较短的复杂爆,如3S型、20GRF型以及45C型,在振荡同爆发之间不存在记录曲线的宁静时段,而往往由振荡直接延续到爆发。因此微波辐射的这种振荡特性可能是耀斑区域储能过程的一种反映。      

毫秒级资料处理的新方法：1991年5月16日2.84GHz太阳资料分析

本文对1991年5月16日事件的资料进行了数据处理,不仅证明毫秒级资料可以通过平均平滑还原为秒级,还表明经1990年修改后的2.84GHz接收机输出的不同时间常数资料内部是自洽的。同时对太阳毫秒级资料作带通滤波将不同时间尺度的快速起伏分离出来。虽然在1991年5月16日的太阳资料中仅能发现亚秒级的起伏,但这种新的资料处理办法对今后的太阳射电快速起伏资料研究与证认是有帮助的。