带座舱飞船高超声速再入非平衡流场的数值研究

本文针对带座舱飞船高超声速再入大气层过程中存在的严重气动加热现象 ,利用简单隐式TVD差分格式和激波捕捉法 ,数值求解三维化学非平衡Navier Stokes方程 ,其中化学模型是 7组分 1 5个化学反应的空气化学模型 ,对带座舱飞船再入高度为 70km和速度为6 7km/s的化学非平衡流场进行了数值模拟 ,给出了带座舱飞船再入迎角为 0°,1 0°和 2 0°情况下的壁面热流、表面压力和电子数密度等参数分布     

高超声速再入体烧蚀流场计算分析

从化学非平衡NS方程或其简化形式(粘性激波层方程、PNS方程)出发,求解高超声速再入体的绕流和底部尾流流场。首先讨论了碳基材料烧蚀壁面条件的确定方法,计算了包含和不包含碳-碳烧蚀产物的再入体半球的化学反应绕流流场,并和文献结果进行了对比。在此基础上,计算了两个高度条件下,包含和不包含碳-酚醛烧蚀产物的再入小钝锥的绕流和尾流流场,分析了烧蚀产物对流场电子数密度、温度等流动参数的影响。     

硅基材料烧蚀产物对再入体流场特性影响的数值计算

针对常规再入体低温烧蚀的硅基防热材料,考虑热解效应和硅碳反应,采用24个组分57个化学反应式的空气/烧蚀化学模型,初步建立了数值模拟再入过程非平衡流场的烧蚀计算模型,并对典型简化钝锥再入体的再入绕流流场和弹道靶试验模型绕流流场进行了数值计算,分析了再入体表面温度和流场烧蚀组分等参数变化规律以及硅基材料烧蚀效应对流场特性的影响。     

碳—酚醛烧蚀和热响应的理论分析与工程计算

本文分析了碳-酚醛的烧蚀机理和内部热响应特性,讨论了碳纤维的氧化、升华和碳-氮反应。指出热解气体注入边界层的作用主要是增加热阻塞效应和改变壁面组元浓度。热解气体流过材料碳层,起着降低碳层内部温度的作用。基于烧蚀机理和热响应特性的分析,给出了碳-酚醛烧蚀和内部热响应的理论计算方法,计算结果分别与固定状态和模拟再入轨道的变状态的电弧加热器的烧蚀和内部温度的试验结果作了比较,两者符合甚好。     

碳基复合材料超高温热化学烧蚀过程的数值模拟

对超高温热化学烧蚀的计算方法进行了研究,对碳基复合材料在不同环境下热化学烧蚀过程进行了数值模拟,对烧蚀产物进行了计算.计算表明,碳基复合材料在烧蚀过程中依次出现氧化、升华过程.10atm下,氧化、升华过程交替温度为330K.压力升高,交替温度也依次升高.氧化产物为CO,而升华产物依次为C3、C1.在3300K以下,烧蚀主反应为2C O2→2CO.在3300K以上,烧蚀主反应为:2C O2→2CO,2C N2→2CN,i(C)→Ci(g)i=1,3.并用哈尔滨工业大学研制的"星形"等离子发生器及国产的等离子体火炬进行了碳基复合材料烧蚀实验.实验光谱检测结果与超高温热化学烧蚀计算的烧蚀产物一致,验证了超高温热化学烧蚀计算的正确性.     

烧蚀对再入体绕流电子数密度影响的数值研究

从化学非平衡NS方程或其简化形式(粘性激波层方程、PNS方程)出发,采用分区求解的方法数值模拟含泰氟隆烧蚀产物的高超声速再入体流场.首先计算分析了RAM-C飞行试验状态和一个考核算例,对计算方法和程序作了初步验证.其次耦合烧蚀壁面边界条件和流体控制方程,采用19组分28个反应的化学反应模型,对有、无烧蚀情况下高超声速钝锥体再入绕流及底部流场进行了数值模拟,深入分析了烧蚀产物对再入流场电子数密度及温度分布的影响.     

碳/酚醛燃气舵热化学烧蚀过程数值研究

为了研究碳/酚醛燃气舵热化学烧蚀问题,在Fluent平台上采用UDF二次开发方法,对碳/酚醛燃气舵二维非定常流固热耦合过程进行了数值仿真研究。对几何建模、边界条件、热解气体逸出过程以及热化学烧蚀导致的边界退移等问题进行了详尽的描述,并选取了合适的计算模型。对不同舵偏角下燃气舵温度分布、热解气体逸出通量以及热化学烧蚀等问题进行了分析研究。结果表明:燃气舵表面化学反应以及热解气体的逸出过程能够有效降低燃气舵壁面以及内部温度,下降温度最高值约为325K;燃气舵前缘一直是热化学烧蚀最严重区域,达到0.5mm,迎风面烧蚀量次之,而背风面几乎不存在热化学烧蚀现象;迎风面热化学烧蚀会随着舵偏角的增大而变得更为严重。     

带芯子的碳—碳端头烧蚀外形计算

对电弧加热器试验条件下端头的烧蚀外形进行了数值仿真，考察了碳－碳端头烧蚀外形随来流条件的变化规律，重点研究了将碳－碳端头体轴附近材料换成由另一种烧蚀速度较快的材料制成的芯子后的匹配烧蚀问题，揭示芯子对烧蚀外形的影响规律。     

碳/酚醛复合材料烧蚀性能的实验研究

总结了电弧加热器湍流导管试验装置上对碳／酚醛复合材料的烧蚀试验结果，利用多元线性回归方法。拟合出烧蚀材料的有效烧蚀焓与冷壁热流密度、壁面压力的关联式。在一定热流、压力范围内可以很方便地计算出碳／酚醛复合材料的有效烧蚀焓和质量烧蚀率。     

再入钝锥体烧蚀热防护内部热响应的数值仿真

研究了烧蚀热防护系统内部热响应的计算模型和计算方法.采用碳化层-热解面-原始材料层模型,建立碳基材料内部热响应物理模型和数学模型,利用有限元法分析和计算再入目标热防护系统轴对称内部热响应.着重研究和分析了轴对称烧蚀过程中热解气体质量流率计算方法和传热机制.将热解气体与碳化层之间的对流换热处理为源项,通过保证刚度矩阵和形函数矩阵的正定对称性可以加速温度场计算收敛.计算表明:热解气体的质量流量主要由厚度方向构成,占80%以上;头部驻点附近最大烧蚀厚度接近10mm,需要采用抗烧蚀能力强的碳-碳材料,身部烧蚀量小于2mm,可以采用密度较小的碳-酚醛材料.      

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.