复杂形体面片缠绕成型方法的分析与实现

通过对复杂形体缠绕成型方法的分析，提出了面片缠绕的思想；同时针对缠绕过程中可能存在的架空问题提出了一套可行的判定准则和解决方案。以面片缠绕理论为基础，针对飞机发动机进气道缠绕成型，编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验，验证了面片缠绕方法的实用性，为航空航天高性能构件的缠绕成型探索了一条新的途径。     

Permanent-Magnet Linear Alternators Part 1: Fundamental Equations

Powered by free-piston Stirling engines, linear alternators are proposed for space power stations as well as for isolated domestic applications, automotive, and on-Earth solar power plants. As the literature on the subject is sparse and base-design oriented, we present the general equations for both three-phase and single-phase winding configurations having permanent-magnet field excitations.     

A strong robustness open-circuit fault diagnosis strategy for novel fault-tolerant electric drive system based on d-q-axis current signal

To diagnose the Open-Circuit (OC) fault in the novel fault-tolerant electric drive system, based on d-q-axis current signal, a strong robustness diagnosis strategy is proposed and investigated. Fewer independent power supplies and converters are required in the novel fault-tolerant electric drive system based on Dual-Winding Permanent Magnet Motor (DWPMM), and the system’s reliability, usage ratio and power density have been improved compared to the conventional fault-tolerant motor drive system. However, the novel fault-tolerant electric drive system has the OC fault diagnostic false alarms issue when load changes suddenly or under light-load condition. And it lacks the research on the diagnostic method when the system encounters intermittent OC fault in power switches. By theory derivation, simulation and experimental verification, it can be concluded that the proposed strong robustness OC fault diagnosis strategy based on d-q-axis current signal can overcome the OC fault diagnostic false alarms issue when load changes suddenly or under light-load condition. And it can detect and locate the OC fault of single-phase winding in real time, and diagnose the intermittent OC fault of power switches.     

Single-phase power-factor-correction AC/DC converters with threePWM control schemes

Three pulse-width modulation (PWM) control schemes for a single-phase power-factor-correction (PFC) AC/DC converter are presented to improve the power quality. A diode bridge with two power switches is employed as a PFC circuit to achieve a high power factor and low line current harmonic distortion. The control schemes are based on look-up tables with hysteresis current controller (HCC) to generate two-level or three-level PWM on the DC side of diode rectifier. Based on the proposed three control schemes, the line current is driven to follow the sinusoidal current command which is in phase with the supply voltage, and two capacitor voltages on the DC bus are controlled to be balanced. The simulation and experimental results of a 1 kW converter with load as well as line voltage variation and shown to verify the proposed control schemes. It is shown that unity PFC is achieved using a simple control circuit and the measured line current harmonics satisfy the IEC 1000-3-2 requirements     

Certain Design Aspects of Single-Winding Three-Phase Inductor Alternators

Based on mathematical analysis, this paper points out that restrictions in stator/rotor slot combinations for optimum output of a conventional inductor alternator are not applicable for one with a single winding for both dc excitation and output. Design considerations for the latter are discussed, and it is demonstrated that its performance is superior to a conventional double-winding inductor alternator in all aspects. Test results on a number of experimental machines fully support the theory.     

开绕组电机驱动用双逆变器死区效应补偿方法

与传统两电平逆变器的死区效应不同,开绕组电机驱动系统中双逆变器的开关死区将导致零序电压和零序电流,使绕组电流出现低频次谐波,影响系统的性能。提出了一种双逆变器开关死区导致的零序电压的补偿方案,通过扩展占空比最大的一路开关信号的导通时间,来插入一个补偿电压矢量,利用补偿电压矢量产生的零序电压抵消开关死区导致的零序电压,从而抑制系统的零序电压和零序电流。通过在开绕组感应电机驱动系统中的仿真和试验,验证了死区补偿方法的有效性。     

Steady State Analysis of the Rectified Superconducting Alternator

Equations are derived to predict the electrical behavior of a three-phase superconducting alternator connected to a full-wave bridge rectifier. This is accomplished by expanding a previous analysis for conventional rectified alternators and adding computational impovements. The significance of the work is that it provides a means of calculating certain critical variables such as the ac current in the superconducting field winding and the ac voltage harmonics at the rectified output. A numerical example based on a machine designed for airborne applications is included.     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

凹回转曲面纤维缠绕架空分析及应用

针对诸如带喷管固体火箭发动机的凹曲面过渡段等负高斯曲率面的缠绕,应用微分几何曲面理论推导出了凹回转曲面的纤维缠绕架空条件及判据,并对不同的过渡段曲线进行了分析,分别给出了判别公式。通过缠绕实验验证了架空判据的正确性和实用性,表明采用单叶双曲面比采用凹圆曲线回转曲面具有更好的缠绕工艺性,且其直纹线的缠绕角恰好为不架空的临界缠绕角;缠绕时,为了保证运动的平稳性,需要剔除奇异点,进行平滑处理。     

Empirical virtual sliding target guidance law design: an aerodynamic approach

We present a novel empirical virtual sliding target (VST) guidance law for the midcourse phase of a long range surface-to-air missile that uses the simplicity of the conventional proportional navigation (PN) guidance law while exploiting the aerodynamic characteristics of a missile's flight through the atmosphere to enable the missile to achieve superior performance than that achieved by conventional PN guidance laws. The missile trajectory emulates the trajectory of an optimal control based guidance law formulated on a realistic aerodynamic model of the missile-target engagement. The trajectory of the missile is controlled by controlling the speed of a virtual target that slides towards a predicted intercept point during the midcourse phase. Several sliding schemes, both linear and nonlinear, are proposed and the effect of the variation of the sliding parameters, which control the sliding speed of the virtual target, on the missile performance, are examined through extensive simulations that take into account the atmospheric characteristics as well as limitations on the missile in terms of the energy available and lateral acceleration limits. Launch envelopes for these sliding schemes for approaching and receding targets are also obtained. These results amply demonstrate the superiority of the proposed guidance law over the conventional PN law.     

Winding Pattern Design and Simulation of S-elbow

Aimed at the S-elbow composed of two elbows with different radii, this article proposes a winding pattern design method combined with patch winding method and traditional winding method. It proposes an optimal combination of calculating the tangential point amount and skip point amount to make the pattern distribution even and keep the minimal adjusting angle. The S-elbow overall winding pattern plan and simulation module are designed to verify the combined winding pattern design method and the calculation algorithm of the tangential point amount and skip point amount. From the pattern distribution and the simulation effect analysis, it shows that this combined winding pattern design method is a good solution to the S-elbow combined winding pattern design. Aimed at the S-elbow winding pattern based on the patch winding method, it carries out the precision error analysis and points out the correspondence between the error and mesh size. Generally speaking, the bigger the mesh size is, the quicker the program calculation speed is; the smaller the mesh size is, the smaller the winding pattern error is.     

Novel single-phase AC/DC converter with two PWM control schemes

A novel single-phase AC/DC converter with two pulsewidth modulation (PWM) schemes is proposed to draw a sinusoidal line current with nearly unity power factor, achieve balanced neutral point voltage and regulate the DC bus voltage. With the aid of neutral point clamped scheme, a three-level voltage pattern is generated on the AC side of the proposed rectifier. To track the tine current command derived from a voltage controller and a phase-locked loop circuit, a hysteresis current control scheme is used in the inner loop control. A capacitor voltage compensator is employed to achieve the balanced neutral point voltage. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme, the simulation and experimental results based on a laboratory prototype circuit are performed.     

圆筒纤维缠绕变张力神经网络动态控制

 缠绕张力作为纤维缠绕成型中的关键影响因素,其波动直接影响缠绕精度和制品的性能。针对缠绕张力的动态变化,且保证制品等环向残余应力,提出神经网络动态控制缠绕变张力方法。考虑芯模变形影响,基于各向异性缠绕层弹性变形及各向同性内衬厚壁筒理论,给出外压作用下缠绕层的径向应力及环向应力;在弹性范围内采用应力叠加原理建立剩余张力与缠绕张力之间的解析算法。基于制品环向残余应力叠加特点,采用给定输出层权值的神经网络算法,通过误差反向传播及放大方法,对等环向残余应力制品纤维缠绕过程中的缠绕变张力进行动态更新。仿真与实验结果表明:该控制方法对纤维缠绕变张力起到动态优化作用,可以达到预期要求,且更符合实际缠绕过程。     

吸波复合材料回转体构件的缠绕工艺

对吸波复合材料构件的缠绕工艺特性及存在的问题进行了分析,综合现代复合材料缠绕成型工艺,针对含有吸收剂的缠绕层,提出了"双辊同槽、双线夹芯复合"的浸胶工艺制备预浸纱带,以湿法缠绕工艺制备回转体吸波复合材料构件的工艺方法。工艺特性分析表明,选用相应的缠绕规律和工艺参数能够满足不同形态的回转体构件绕制,使吸收剂在各缠绕层中均匀分布、含量可控,保证了制件的吸波性能稳定、质量可靠。     

无槽环形绕组轴向磁通永磁电机空载反电动势解析

无槽环形绕组有两种类型,即扇形绕组和矩形绕组。针对这两种绕组空间分布对空载反电动势的影响,分别对两种绕组轴向磁通永磁电机的空载反电动势进行了解析推导。在气隙磁密解析计算时,提出通过建立虚拟等效直线电机模型用以计算气隙磁场端部效应函数。为了验证解析公式的正确性,以一台电机方案为例,利用推导的解析公式对空载反电动势进行了计算,与有限元计算结果进行了对比,结果表明解析计算结果和有限元计算结果相对误差小于2.1%,满足工程要求。因此,推导的空载反电动势解析公式可以作为电机设计人员参考使用。     

纤维缠绕壳体参数程序设计

纤维缠绕壳体在生产前必须求得缠绕角、线型、缠绕层次、挂轮比等诸多参数。目前采用的是人民计算及查找的设计方法。该方法过程繁琐,效率低下,稍有不慎就会发生错误,且必须全部重新进行设计。为此,作者开发了一套利用计算机进行设计的系统。该系统提供了有关算法及Ｖｉｓｕａｌ Ｂａｓｉｃ源程序。使用该软件,可在计算机上完成纤维缠绕壳体参数的设计工作,大大提高了设计者的工作效率。该软件使用方便,设计结果精确可靠。     

基于BVD原理的高保真空间重构方法

简要综述了一类基于单元边界变差最小化(Boundary Variation Diminishing,BVD)原理,设计双曲守恒律高保真数值格式的空间重构方法。BVD原理要求尽量减少通过重构得到的网格边界两侧物理量之间的差,从而能够有效地控制黎曼求解器中的数值黏性。BVD方法针对数值解的空间分布特征,选择多个函数作为空间重构的候补函数,并根据BVD判定准则从候补函数中选取最合适的函数进行空间重构。BVD判据不需要根据求解对象进行经验参数(阈值)的调整。选用适当的候补函数和BVD准则,可以完全避免现有算法中为抑制数值振荡而必须采用的非线性限制。BVD格式能在抑制数值振荡的同时,有效地控制数值耗散,可以对光滑解与间断解都获得高保真的计算结果。本文概述了BVD方法的基本思想、设计相关格式的基本思路,以及一些具有很强实用价值的BVD格式。并通过单相和两相可压缩流动的一些典型算例验证BVD格式的特点和优势。     

纤维缠绕的曲面架空分析及其应用

针对诸如壳体－喷嘴一体化的固体火箭发动机过渡段、环壳燃料箱等复杂型面的缠绕，应用曲面理论和力学分析方法，研究了纤维缠绕的成型压力与曲面几何的关系，进而确定了一般曲面、负荷斯曲面、环壳以及过渡段缠绕过程的纤维架空条件与判据，为复杂型面的缠绕成形奠定基础。     

复合材料布带缠绕成型压力控制技术

复合材料布带缠绕成型过程中的压力波动会影响制品的致密度和均匀度,同时会造成缠绕制品的界面强度及纤维体积分数不一致。芯模的圆度误差和安装误差会导致压力波动,气体的可压缩性、比例阀的死区效应、阀的流量非线性、气缸摩擦力及测量噪声会对缠绕压力控制造成非线性干扰。因此,设计了自适应灰色预测模糊PID控制器,通过对气缸输出缠绕压力的灰色预测,正确反映了压力信号的变化趋势,为模糊PID控制的推理提供了可靠依据。同时,采用两个独立的模糊推理系统来调节预测控制的步长和步长自整定算法的比例因子。仿真分析和实验结果表明：相比于传统PID控制,采用自适应灰色预测模糊PID控制使缠绕压力的稳态误差减小了62%,超调量减小了80%,有效提高了复合材料缠绕成型压力控制系统的稳定性。     

计入纤维交叉影响的缠绕复合材料等效模量计算方法

本文提出一种用于分析纤维缠绕结构（宏观）的等效弹性模量方法,该方法具有较好的准确性。本文首先基于纤维缠绕微观结构的特点建立代表性体积单元（RVE）,并在此模型中计人纤维束交织现象的影响,对各个工艺参数（缠绕角、纤维束起伏区、交叉面积）的影响进行了计算分析;然后对经典层合板理论与等效模型计算结果进行了对比,指出经典层合板理论计算存在的误差与纤维束起伏区几何参数具有很大关系;最后利用等效均匀化理论得到缠绕结构的宏观弹性模量,并与试验值进行对比,验证了本计算模型和分析方法的准确性。