单轴旋转捷联惯导系统回溯式对准方法

针对单轴旋转捷联惯导系统快速高精度对准的要求,设计了一种压缩和存储少量数据的回溯式对准方法。首先进行实时的惯性系双矢量定姿粗对准获得初始时刻的姿态矩阵,同时每秒抽取和存储关键数据;待粗对准结束后,利用初始姿态和存储数据进行回溯卡尔曼滤波精对准,并对惯性测量组件和转位机构之间的安装杆臂进行在线估计。仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

基于Mahony算法的游泳运动姿态测量快速对准算法

在游泳运动姿态测量中,由于水对各种信号的吸收以及折射问题,依赖外部信息的传感器不能准确提供信息,而惯性技术由于不依赖外部信息,适合应用于游泳运动姿态测量领域.惯性姿态测量需要初始对准技术提供初值,从而计算得到游泳运动过程中的姿态.而游泳运动员起跳时间不确定,传统的初始对准算法需要较长时间才能得到一个较高精度的结果.针对...     

惯性系姿态确定的SINS晃动基座初始对准算法

在晃动基座下,载体将受到外界干扰(例如阵风和海浪),从而使传统解析粗对准无法完成捷联惯导系统(SINS)初始对准过程。基于此,采用SINS惯性系姿态确定初始对准算法解决SINS晃动基座初始对准,并使用Davenport-q递归算法实现其姿态确定过程。传统惯性系初始对准算法直接采用构造重力矢量观测来实现初始对准过程,可能会引起矢量构造共线,从而造成初始对准过程姿态计算震荡,降低其对准性能。通过分析晃动基座初始对准实际条件,提出了采用构造速度矢量观测来实现其对准过程,可以充分利用积分平滑作用,抑制周期性噪声和高斯白噪声,从而可以提高其对准性能。最后,通过SINS某码头系泊状态的对比测试试验进行验证,采用速度观测矢量完成SINS姿态确定初始对准时,其误差曲线将更加平滑,并具有优越的性能。     

初始方位信息辅助下潜航器快速传递对准算法

针对多潜航器连续快速布放需求,提出基于初始方位信息辅助下快速传递对准算法.潜航器惯导系统只在对准初始时刻由移动基准惯导提供准确的方位信息和概略的水平姿态信息,布放入水后以初始时刻水平姿态误差和当前速度误差为滤波状态,以水下多普勒测速仪的速度为观测量,通过卡尔曼滤波进行惯性系下的航行中对准.实验验证以优于0.01(°)/h的激光陀螺惯导系统/卫星组合导航的姿态解算值为参考基准,基于实际数据的仿真计算表明,在50s内即可实现快速对准,方位精度达到1密位(1σ).     

EMD滤波在捷联惯导晃动基座初始对准中的应用

为了实现晃动基座情况下光纤捷联惯性导航系统的高精度初始对准,提出了一种基于经验模态分解(EMD)法去噪的抗干扰初始对准算法。该算法在凝固惯性系下进行姿态更新,以反映载体在晃动干扰下的姿态变化,从而消除角运动干扰的影响;并针对EMD法的不足对其进行改进,然后对加速度计的输出进行去噪,以消除线运动干扰的影响。结果表明:改进后的EMD法具有良好的去噪效果,基于EMD法去噪的抗干扰初始对准算法具有角运动和线运动的干扰抑制能力,能够实现晃动基座下的高精度抗干扰初始对准。     

机载激光捷联惯导舰上动基座自对准试验研究

舰船停泊在港口或者在海上抛锚时,由于受到海浪的冲击而发生摇摆,这对从舰上起飞的飞机激光惯导对准提出了新的课题.本文利用基于惯性系重力加速度的粗对准算法获得了较高精度的初始姿态和航向,在此基础上利用卡尔曼滤波对姿态和航向残差进行估计和修正,实现了动基座条件下高精度对准.     

基于DDF2的RTS平滑方法在机载分布式POS中的应用

机载分布式POS是一种基于惯性/卫星组合技术的柔性基线、多节点、高精度时空测量系统,是多任务航空遥感载荷高精度成像的关键装置。为了解决机载分布式POS因柔性基线效应导致的大失准角非线性问题,提出了将基于二阶插值微分滤波(Second-order Divided Difference Filter,DDF2）的RTS(Rauch Tung Striebel,RTS）平滑方法应用于机载分布式POS。首先,针对机载分布式POS的大失准角非线性问题,建立了非线性系统状态模型和量测模型。其次,基于DDF2提出了分布式POS传递对准RTS平滑估计方法,以获取更高精度的运动参数。最后,通过半物理车载实验验证了相比传统方法,此方法的航向测量误差由0.0060°降至0.0041°,精度提高了31.67%。     

未知纬度条件下基于空间圆拟合的SINS初始对准方法

传统的捷联惯导系统(SINS)晃动基座初始对准算法,如积分双矢量方法和多矢量Wahba方法等均需要精确的纬度信息,粗对准偏航角误差较大.针对此特点,提出了一种未知纬度条件下基于空间圆拟合的SINS初始对准方法.根据重力矢量在惯性系中绕地轴旋转包含北向信息的特征,以初始时刻凝固载体坐标系作为惯性系,首先对重力矢量在凝固载体系内进行投影并滤波,对其矢量端点进行空间圆拟合,然后通过三角几何关系得到导航坐标系,从而完成对准过程.通过仿真验证,证实了该对准方法不需要已知对准点的精确位置信息,相比于积分双矢量方法与多矢量Wahba方法,偏航角对准精度分别提高了12.37'与5.10'.     

箭载SINS快速自对准技术

为适应运载火箭快速发射需求,捷联惯导系统采用自对准技术逐渐取代了复杂的光学瞄准系统。针对初始对准中Kalman滤波器收敛缓慢的问题,提出了基于低通滤波的运载火箭快速自对准方法。该方法基于凝固惯性系自对准算法,采用移动窗双矢量构造方案,实现了自对准实时解算。通过在凝固惯性系间姿态转换矩阵后端引入低通滤波器,降低杆臂效应引起的有害加速度影响,保证自对准精度。该方法不需要进行复杂的Kalman滤波运算,能够快速收敛,工程实现简单。数字仿真和试验数据表明,采用基于低通滤波的凝固惯性系自对准方法可以达到Kalman滤波对准同等级精度的同时缩短对准时间到5min以内,验证了该方法的有效性。     

扰动线运动对惯性系粗对准影响分析及优化方法

针对扰动线运动对惯性系粗对准精度影响较大的问题,通过分析惯性体坐标系下重力加速度积分矢量的物理含义,给出了受扰动线运动影响的惯性系粗对准的误差分析。并在此基础上提出了基于位移积分矢量构造定姿矢量矩阵的抗扰动粗对准算法,利用对速度积分矢量进一步积分得到的3个时间点的位移积分矢量构建姿态解算矩阵,抑制扰动线运动对粗对准精度的影响。仿真结果表明,该算法可有效减小扰动线运动影响下的对准结果振动幅值,能够快速收敛到满足精对准使用的精度范围,从而提高武器装备环境适应性。     

Accurate attitude estimation of HB2 standard model based on QNCF in hypersonic wind tunnel test

The accuracy of the HB2 standard model attitude measurement has an important impact on the hypersonic wind tunnel data assessment. The limited size of the model and the existence of external vibrations make it challenging to obtain real-time reliable attitude measurement. To reduce the influence of attitude errors on test results, this paper proposes a Quaternion Nonlinear Complementary Filter (QNCF) attitude determination algorithm based on Microelectromechanical Inertial Measurement Unit (MEMS-IMU). Firstly, the threshold-based PI control strategy is adopted to eliminate noise effect according to the Acceleration Magnitude Detector (AMD). Then, the flexible quaternion method is updated to carry out attitude estimation which is operational and easy to be embedded in the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Finally, a high-precision three-axis turntable test and a hypersonic wind tunnel test are performed. The results show that the pitch-roll attitude errors are within 0.05° and 0.08° in the high-precision three-axis turntable test in a calculation time of 100 s respectively, and the attitude error is within 0.3° after the elastic angle correction in the hypersonic wind tunnel test. The proposed method can provide accurate real-time attitude reference for the analysis of the actual movement of the model, exhibiting certain engineering application value with robustness and simplicity.     

A composite disturbance observer and H_∞ control scheme for flexible spacecraft with measurement delay and input delay

In this paper, the attitude control algorithm of flexible spacecraft with unknown measurement delay and input delay based on disturbance observer is designed. The influence of measurement delay and input delay on the attitude control system and disturbance observer is analyzed. The disturbance estimation error equation is transformed into a differential system with a pure delay. Then, the observer gain is chosen based on the 3/2 stability theorem to ensure the stability and disturbance attenuation performance of the pure delay system. Next, the controller gain is designed based on the Linear Matrix Inequality(LMI) approach to guarantee the stability of the composite system and achieve H_∞ performance with two additive delays. The simulation results show that the proposed method can improve the anti-disturbance ability of the attitude control system.     

柔性航天器振动主动抑制及姿态控制

针对柔性航天器柔性附件振动主动抑制及姿态高精度快速稳定问题,研究了一种输入成形器（IS）-自适应有限时间干扰观测器（FDO）-有限时间积分滑模控制器综合的设计方法。首先,基于柔性模态的频率及阻尼信息,获得能够有效抑制柔性振动的输入成形器形式,并与系统参考输入进行卷积,得到期望参考输入;其次,基于航天器动力学模型,设计一种新型的自适应有限时间干扰观测器,避免了综合干扰上界必须已知的约束,且保证干扰估计误差有限时间收敛至零,实现对干扰及残余振动影响的快速精确估计;最后,基于观测器的估计值,设计多变量有限时间积分滑模控制器,保证对期望参考输入的高精度快速跟踪控制,并进行严格的稳定性证明。仿真结果表明,该综合设计策略能够保证柔性附件振动抑制75%,姿态稳定度达到10^-4数量级。     

车载惯导系统抗扰动自对准方法对比研究

自对准技术是陆基机动平台及装备用惯导系统的一项关键技术,其核心在于惯导系统如何在风扰、发动机振动、人员走动等各种干扰下实现快速、高精度对准.针对目前常用的惯性系解析自对准、Kalman滤波估计自对准和惯性系奇异值分解(SVD)自对准等三种方法进行了研究和对比分析,根据三种对准方法各自的实现原理,提出了一种有针对性的抗扰动优化方法,并通过了数学仿真分析和车载试验验证.结果 表明,在车载使用环境下,后两种方法都能获得较为准确的姿态信息,惯性系SVD方法可以达到与Kalman滤波方法相当的对准精度和收敛速度,且无需先验信息即可获得最优解,表现出了较好的工程应用优势.     

双轴连续旋转调制捷联惯导系统大失准角初始对准技术

由于可以补偿惯性器件在三个轴向上的输出误差,双轴旋转调制技术被广泛应用于捷联惯导系统(SINS)。选择了一种合理且实用的十六次序双轴转位方案,并对其调制原理和误差进行了分析。初始对准技术是捷联惯导系统的一项重要技术,其对准精度直接决定了后续导航的精度。在粗对准完成后,当姿态误差角较大时,后续的精对准误差模型呈非线性特性,故选择了滤波精度高、稳定性强的平方根容积Kalman滤波算法(SCKF)来解决这一问题。考虑到在实际对准过程中,量测噪声的统计特性易发生变化,将SCKF算法与Sage-Husa算法相结合,在传统Sage-Husa SCKF算法的基础上提出了一种改进的自适应滤波算法(ASCKF)。该算法采用QR分解来完成对噪声协方差的平方根矩阵估计,从而避免了传统Sage-Husa SCKF算法中所估噪声协方差矩阵不正定的问题。最后,通过仿真证实了ASCKF算法可被很好地应用于量测噪声统计特性发生变化的初始对准中。     

扰动线运动对惯性系粗对准影响分析及优化方法

针对扰动线运动对惯性系粗对准精度影响较大的问题，通过分析惯性体坐标系下重力加速度积分矢量的物理含义，给出了受扰动线运动影响的惯性系粗对准的误差分析。并在此基础上提出了基于位移积分矢量构造定姿矢量矩阵的抗扰动粗对准算法，利用对速度积分矢量进一步积分得到的3个时间点的位移积分矢量构建姿态解算矩阵，抑制扰动线运动对粗对准精度的影响。仿真结果表明，该算法可有效减小扰动线运动影响下的对准结果振动幅值，能够快速收敛到满足精对准使用的精度范围，从而提高武器装备环境适应性。     

Coordinated attitude control for flexible spacecraft formation with actuator configuration misalignment

This paper investigates the coordinated attitude control problem for flexible spacecraft formation with the consideration of actuator configuration misalignment. First, an integral-type sliding mode adaptive control law is designed to compensate the effects of flexible mode, environmental disturbance and actuator installation deviation. The basic idea of the Integral-type Sliding Mode Control (ISMC) is to design a proper sliding manifold so that the sliding mode starts from the initial time instant, and thus the robustness of the system can be guaranteed from the beginning of the process and the reaching phase is eliminated. Then, considering the nominal system of spacecraft formation based on directed topology, an attitude cooperative control strategy is developed for the nominal system with or without communication delay. The proposed control law can guarantee that for each spacecraft in the spacecraft formation, the desired attitude objective can be achieved and the attitude synchronization can be maintained with other spacecraft in the formation. Finally, simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.     

高精度测量燃气轮机叶片前缘的三维轮廓

为了解决高精度测量燃气轮机叶片前缘三维轮廓的难题,提出了一种基于球阵列标定检验方法,直接对金属表面的叶片前缘三维轮廓进行高精度测量的相位轮廓测量系统.通过多角度数据融合算法和非线性最小二乘的递归算法,最后高精度测量出叶片前缘三维轮廓,对叶片前缘16个剖面进行拟合,得出了叶片前缘半径和前缘圆心.结果显示:叶片前缘测量系统、方法和算法的综合误差为±0.03mm.此实验装置和方法测量效率高、精度高,将叶片测量和模型化技术推进了一步.      

Algorithm and experiments of six-dimensional force/torque dynamic measurements based on a Stewart platform

Stewart platform (SP) is a promising choice for large component alignment, and interac-tive force measurements are a novel and significant approach for high-precision assemblies. The designed position and orientation (P&O) adjusting platform, based on an SP for force/torque-driven (F/T-driven) alignment, can dynamically measure interactive forces. This paper presents an analytical algorithm of measuring six-dimensional F/T based on the screw theory for accurate determination of external forces during alignment. Dynamic gravity deviations were taken into con-sideration and a compensation model was developed. The P&O number was optimized as well. Given the specific appearance of repeated six-dimensional F/T measurements, an approximate cone shape was used for spatial precision analysis. The magnitudes and directions of measured F/Ts can be evaluated by a set of standards, in terms of accuracy and repeatability. Experiments were also performed using a known applied load, and the proposed analytical algorithm was able to accu-rately predict the F/T. A comparison between precision analysis experiments with or without assem-bly fixtures was performed. Experimental results show that the measurement accuracy varies under different P&O sets and higher loads lead to poorer accuracy of dynamic gravity compensation. In addition, the preferable operation range has been discussed for high-precision assemblies with smal-ler deviations.