大型飞机迎角/过载限制器设计

根据典型大型飞机迎角/过载限制器的特点,提出了两种采用积分控制来减小静态误差的大型飞机迎角/过载保护方法,即最大值切换逻辑和加权过渡逻辑方法,深入研究了如何设计迎角/过载限制器参数,探讨了采用以上两种不同方法来进行迎角与过载限制器切换的优劣,系统仿真结果证明了所设计的限制器的有效性。该项研究为我国未来大型飞机如何设计迎角/过载限制器提供了部分理论依据。     

Limiting the Impulsive Noise in a PLL

This paper analyzes the operation of a phase-locked loop (PLL) preceded by a bandpass limiter (BPL) in the presence of impulsive noise. It is shown that the effect of the limiter consists essentially in a change of the statistics of the pulse strengths of the noise, so that the behavior of a BPL + PLL can be deduced from that of a simple PLL by suitable adjustment of the noise model. It is found that the limiter greatly enhances the PLL performance by reducing both the phase-error variance in the loop and the probability of cycle slippage. Finally, the design of the filter of the BPL is discussed, resulting in the conclusion that the best results are obtained by using a singletuned RLC circuit.     

带通限幅器对锁相环噪声性能的影响

锁相环路中,在鉴相器前加上AGC（自动增益控制）,可以使环路性能在输入信噪比发生变化时保持稳定,带通限幅器也可以起到类似作用。尽管有一些文章对限幅器的性能作了研究,但是在PLL（锁相环）闭环条件下,鲜有文章分析其对环路噪声性能的影响。因此,文章以基本PLL环路的数学模型为基础,推导出PLL中分别加入相干AGC和带通限幅器后新的环路数学模型,以一阶PLL为例,计算和比较不同控制方式下环路相位误差均方值的变化,最后说明应当根据飞行任务的不同选择对环路更有利的控制方式。     

The Response of Hard-Limiting Bandpass Limiters to PM Signals

The signal-to-noise ratio of the output of a hard-limiting bandpass limiter to a PM signal is calculated by using the probability density function of the random phase variable. The signal-to-noise ratio transfer characteristics are plotted for comparison.     

高超声速压缩拐角湍流计算的收敛性分析

应用基于shear stress transport(SST)湍流模型的隐式紧耦合方法对高超声速压缩拐角流动进行了数值计算.考察了差分格式、限制器以及湍流时间步长等7个因素对湍流计算过程稳定性和收敛性的影响.结果表明:差分格式和限制器对收敛性有很大影响,总体而言耗散性越大的差分格式和限制器收敛性越好;增加湍流时间步长对收敛性影响很小;适当降低湍流变量最低限制值有利于湍流方程的收敛;增大Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy(CFL)数和隐式内迭代次数可显著加速收敛,但均存在最优值,超过最优值则加速效果不明显.      

迎角过载边界限制器的设计方法

介绍了迎角过载边界限制器的意义、设计要求和一些有代表性的国内外飞机的边界限制器设计方法。边界限制经历了硬限制、软限制、反馈限制和比较逻辑反馈限制几个阶段。分析了这些设计方法的优缺点,并对比较逻辑反馈限制器的设计方法进了理论推导,提出了这类边界限制器重要参数的确定方法。     

跨声速压气机数值模拟格式效应研究

针对跨声速叶轮机械复杂内部粘性流动,开发了全三维高精度RANS数值求解器。分别采用FVS格式与AUSM+格式结合多种限制器对Rotor 67跨声速压气机转子进行数值模拟,分析和比较了各格式的计算效果并与试验结果对比。结果表明:与FVS格式相比,AUSM+格式的数值粘性更小,边界层的模拟精度更高;Hemker限制器的综合表现最优,Van Albada限制器的粘性分辨率略低于Hemker限制器,Minmod限制器对流动分离现象的捕捉能力较差,Van Leer限制器容易引入色散误差。     

Performance Degradation of MTI Circuits Due to Amplitude Limiting

The loss in output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to amplitude limiting is obtained for a radar circuit consisting of a bandpass limiter, coherent demodulator, matched filter, and moving-target-indicator (MTI) filter. The circuit is used in scanning MTI radars. The tandem connection of the limiter and coherent demodulator is a model for the saturation of the intermediate-frequency (IF) demodulator of an MTI radar. Results on special functions are used to obtain simple formulas for the loss in output SNR relative to a linear IF demodulator when the input SNR is less than -15 dB and the number of hits per 3-dB beamwidth exceeds 15.     

考虑多边界状态约束的飞翼布局无人机姿态控制

以大展弦比飞翼布局无人机为研究对象,针对强扰动环境下多边界状态约束时的飞行姿态控制问题,提出一种指令-控制律联合限制的全状态约束控制方法。该控制方法分别独立设计了指令边界限制器、过渡指令产生器和指令跟踪控制器3个部分。首先,基于无人机动力学特性设计的指令边界限制器,利用无人机的各个状态边界来限制姿态控制器的指令,实现了将非受控状态的约束问题转化为受控状态的约束问题;其次,基于"安排过渡过程"的思想并考虑约束限制环节,设计了过渡指令产生器,为无人机在线生成从当前姿态到期望跟踪姿态的过渡指令;最后,基于障碍Lyapunov函数和扩张状态观测器,设计了指令跟踪控制器,使无人机能够克服干扰且快速稳定地跟踪过渡指令。通过采用Lyapunov稳定性理论分析,该控制方法能够保证姿态跟踪误差收敛有界,且始终处于给定区间内部。仿真结果表明,该控制方法能够保证无人机飞行状态在不超出约束边界的同时,实现对姿态指令的准确跟踪。     

Analysis and Design Considerations of Hard Limiters for LF and VLF Navaid Receivers

Hard limiters, followed by a D-type flip-flop as a digital-signal-polarity detector, are very effective receiver/phase detectors for low frequency (LF) and very low frequency (VLF) navigation receivers. However the performance not only depends on the signal quality, but also on the specifications of the hard limiter and the flip-flop. Analysis of the tracking accuracy is given as a function of the dc offsets of the limiter and the flip-flop, the linear gain of the limiter, the signal-to-noise ratios of one or more input signals, and the power consumption of the limiter. The results are presented in formulas and graphs for application by circuit designers. A design example of a low-power, high-gain limiter is given.     

Spurious Target Generation Due to Hard Limiting in Pulse Compression Radars

A method is presented to calculate the output of a hard limiter if the input consists of a superposition of three phase-coded signals. A detailed investigation is made of the case where the limiter input signals are phase reversal modulated according to a maximum length linear code. It is shown in this case that a false target signal is generated at the limiter output. The amplitude distribution of the false target signal is investigated along with the distribution of the captured true target signals. A digital computer simulation confirms the theoretically predicted effects.     

Hard Limiter Performance as a Polarity Detector for Extremely Polluted Signals

A hard limiter is a simple, yet highly efficient, RF signal sensor for VLF and LF navigation receivers. The observation reliability is used as the single quality criterion for the hard limiter if applied as a singlebit analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The effects of noise (Gaussian and atmospheric), nonsynchronous and synchronous interference, and dc offset on the observation reliability are described extensively. The single parameter determination Pobs is adequate for characterizing the polarity detector. This facilitates rank ordering of influences disturbing the signal and is a useful tool in optimizing digital tracking loops. The ?built-in? noise-censoring properties of the hard limiter in the presence of atmospheric noise are excellent. Therefore, three different atmospheric noise models are used in the determination of the observation reliability Pobs. Some ways for coping with other disturbances that potentially threaten the good performance of the hard limiter are suggested.     

大迎角限制器设计与飞机敏捷性

在介绍高机动性飞机大迎角限制器和飞机敏捷性要求的基础上，以典型战半机为例，计算了飞机的敏捷性尺度，根据计算结果进一步分析大迎角限制器对飞机敏捷性的影响，并以空战周期时间为例，说明迎角限制器参数的选择应兼顾飞机的敏捷性与飞行安全两方面。     

New Control Technique in dc/dc Regulators for Space Applications

A new type of control loop is presented for dc/dc regulators, based on the use of a linear analog to pulsewidth modulator. This function, which is independent of operating frequency, permits high sampling frequencies. Combined with a limiter of the analog input, limitation characteristics are automatically available, without any extra sensing on the hot line. The independence of parameters f0 and ?1 is demonstrated, and application of the loop to control the regulator output characteristics is shown. This flexibility finds useful applications in high-power systems (1 kW) by permitting parallel unit operations and utilization of modular units.     

非结构网格限制器研究

研究了6种限制器形式及其参数计算方法,其中新的自适应VenkatakrishnanM限制器能够根据当地流场特征自动调节参数从而实现不同区域不同特性.数值试验表明:非结构网格限制器对邻居集合选择方法较敏感,其中共面法比共点法精度高约15%;高马赫数时压缩型限制器比耗散型限制器计算精度高约10%~40%;参变量算法中,方向梯度法得到的流场比增量法平滑;自适应VenkatakrishnanM限制器能够模拟复杂超声速流动.      

求解双曲型守恒律的高精度,无波动样条逼近有限体积方法

本文从三次样条逼近出发，提出了求解流体力学双曲型守恒律的一种高精度、无波动的数值方法。针对样条函数的特性，本文提出了一种新的通量限制技术，使该方法在光滑区可以达到四阶精度，在流动参数的空间分布出现拐点或极值点时分别退化为二阶或一阶精度的格式。数值实验表明，该方法对流场中的激波和接触间断有很高的分辨率，优于二阶精度的ＴＶＤ格式。     

应答机测距转发性能分析

分析了采用视频AGC（自动增益控制）、射频AGC和限幅器等3种测距转发模式的应答机性能,分析结果表明：视频AGC模式下,应答机测距通道的输出功率恒定,测距转发性能不随上行信号强度变化而变化;射频AGC模式下,应答机测距通道的输出功率不恒定,测距转发性能随着上行信号强度变化而变化;而限幅器模式可看作射频AGC的一种特殊情况。仿真分析了我国研制的限幅器和射频AGC两种模式应答机的性能,结果表明理论计算的性能与实测结果一致,理论分析正确且理论分析结果可作为链路计算的依据。     

LU-AUSMPW混合格式在可压缩无粘和粘性流动数值分析中的应用

本文首先将 AUSMPW格式与三阶 MUSCL格式融合, 给出了其在任意曲线坐标下的三维形式, 并将其与 LU-SGS格式结合, 应用于可压缩 Euler和 Navier-Stokes方程的求解。其次, 构造了一种新的通量限制器。最后, 为了验证 LU -AUSMPW混合格式的性能, 将平面叶栅跨音速无粘流动以及喷管超音速粘性流动作为算例。本文计算结果与文献计算结果和实验数据相符很好, 表明采用 LU-AUSMPW混合格式数值模拟可压缩流场, 具有较高的计算精度、较快的收敛速度和良好的稳定性。      

二维高超声速吸气式飞行器部件构型设计初步研究

对马赫数为6条件下不同部件构型的二维高超声速吸气式飞行器进行了数值模拟,分别比较了机身上表面采用卡门曲线和直线构型,燃烧室采用多级后向台阶和多级扩张直线构型,尾喷管采用幂曲线和直线构型对气动性能的影响.采用二阶精度的Roe格式和minmod限制器进行空间离散求解,使用Menter提出的k-ωSST(Shearstresstransport)湍流模型模拟湍流流动,通过对壁面压力和摩擦力积分得到了各部件的升力、阻力和俯仰力矩,分析了每种部件构型对总体气动性能的影响,为高超声速吸气式飞行器构型设计提供了一定的依据.      

Analysis of a Class of Nonlinear Sampled-Data Systems with a Gaussian Input Signal

The problem treated here is the analysis of a class of nonlinear sampled-data systems with a Gaussian input signal. The nonlinear element is a symmetrical limiter (memoryless device) that feeds the linear element. Preceding the limiter is a sampler and zero-order hold unit for data reconstruction. The analysis is predicated on finding an equivalent gain for the nonlinear element such that the mean-square error is a minimum. The nonlinearity is thus replaced by a linear component and the system is then analyzed by conventional techniques. It is also shown that for appropriate sampling rates the sampled-data system is equivalent to a continuous system due to the action of the sampler-hold combination. All calculations pertaining to the limiter input signal require the use of a transfer function that is interior to the feedback loop. However, in developing this transfer function, the overall system is considered so that the system output may be evaluated after the value of equivalent gain has been found.