Streamwise vortex generation by the rod

The technology development related to aerodynamics is leading to ever increasing loads of wings, airfoils and turbine and compressor blades. The increase in aerodynamic forces is often leading to flow separation and depreciation of the aerodynamic performance of flying objects or propulsion systems. Flow control methods are required to avoid these negative effects. In the recent two decades the flow control by means of air-jet vortex generators has been also intensively investigated. In this method a streamwise vortex is introduced by an oblique jet. The necessity to supply air by a pipe system may be considered a disadvantage. In order to eliminate this feature, it has been proposed to put out a rod instead of a jet. It has been shown that the application of a rod can introduce the same effect as a jet, as long as the streamwise vortex generation is concerned and appropriate dimensions are used. The present paper focuses on the influence of rod vortex generators on a flow pattern downstream. The results presented here concern experimental and numerical investigations and provide guidelines for the design of a new flow control method dedicated mainly to external flows.     

涡流发生器数值计算方法研究

利用RANS方程和SA湍流模型解算器,采用多重网格法和预处理技术,对叶片式涡流发生器进行了数值模拟研究,初步探讨了涡流发生器的安装方式、剖面形状、几何尺度等因素在机翼分离流动控制中的影响规律和设计原则,并初步研究了安装涡流发生器对超临界机翼气动性能的影响。     

测试信号产生器原理研究

分析了直接数字频率合成(DDS)的基本原理,研究了几种信号产生器的设计原理。     

Aircraft VSCF generator expert system

VSCF (variable-speed constant-frequency) electrical systems are designed using standard modules to reduce the manufacturing cost and improve the product quality and services. An expert system that automatically configures the modules required for a particular application is described. It is a rule-based synthesis system with a domain that encompasses the matrix of standard modules. The module functions include electrical generation, conversion, the control. All the modules must be placed in a proper package to fit the space available inside the particular airplane. The configuration system is built by using a rule-based expert system development tool, OPS5, in a VAX 11/750 computer. It has the domain-specific knowledge necessary to configure the generators embedded in its rulebased and exhibits expertise to place the modules in the proper arrangement based on customer specifications and design criteria. The system can also help the engineers and salespersons to determine the configuration at quotation time and to point out any new design which is required     

增升减阻流动控制技术的数值模拟研究

针对微型涡流发生器、实体鼓包这两种被动流动控制技术和零净质量射流这种主动流动控制技术进行了数值模拟。研究了微型涡流发生器的高度和弦向安装位置对超临界机翼增升减阻的影响规律,高度合适的微型涡流发生器对机翼上表面的流动分离控制起着有利作用;微型涡流发生器最佳气动效率的取得与其弦向安装位置有关。研究了实体鼓包的高度对超临界翼型减少激波阻力和增加升阻比的影响规律,在激波的波脚位置有效地使用实体鼓包,可以减小激波阻力;在中高升力系数情况下,使用实体鼓包可提高升阻比。还研究了零净质量射流的速度幅值和射流频率对翼型增加升力的影响规律,随着射流速度幅值的增加,翼型的平均升力系数和阻力系数都要增加;射流频率对升力的影响呈非线性。     

The Application of Digital Techniques to a VOR Signal Generator

The design of a high-accuracy digital VOR signal generator is described. The main part of the generator is formed of three digital sinewave generators, one of which is frequency modulated. The equations needed to design these generators are given and the practical realization based on read-only memories is described.     

流向涡与涡轮叶栅二次流相互作用研究

研究有效的流动控制手段,降低涡轮内部二次损失,对于小展弦比涡轮的气动设计具有重要意义。利用涡发生器在叶栅入口前产生流向涡,通过试验和数值方法探讨这种基于旋涡相互作用的流动控制方法对涡轮平面叶栅二次流动的作用效果,并对不同流向涡情况做对比分析。结果表明：流向涡对涡轮叶栅内部流动会产生较为显著的影响,从而影响叶栅的性能,当所产生流向涡强度和位置较为合理时,有可能通过流向涡与二次流的相互作用达到较大幅度降低二次流损失的目的。     

叶片通道内涡流发生器变工况适应性

横向二次流是制约叶轮机气动负荷进一步提升的主要因素。在叶片通道内施加涡流发生器有抑制通道横向二次流的潜力,但涡流发生器的最优施加方案很难确定。基于涡流发生器经验统计模型(BAYC模型)和响应面方法建立了一种端壁涡流发生器的高效设计方法。基于这一方法,实施于NACA 65直列叶栅,得到了三种涡流发生器优化方案,并在设计工况下和非设计工况下讨论了涡流发生器对端壁横向二次流的控制机理,发现具有更大的涡流发生器高度和更多的涡流发生器数量的方案在面对大攻角下的强横向二次流情况时能够有更强的余力对横向二次流加以控制,大大扩展了叶栅的攻角适用范围。      

Optimum Magnetic Circuit Configurations for Permanent Magnet Aerospace Generators

In the design of high-speed low-power electrical generators for unmanned aircraft and spacecraft, maximization of specific output (power/weight) is of prime importance. Several magnetic circuit configurations (radial-field, axial-field, flux-squeezing, homopolar) have been proposed, and in this paper the relative merits of these configurations are subjected to a quantitative investigation over the speed range 10 000-100 000 rev/min and power range 250 W-10 kW. The advantages of incorporating new high energy-density magnetic materials are described. Part 1 deals with establishing an equivalent circuit for permanent-magnet generators. For each configuration the equivalent circuit parameters are related to the physical dimensions of the generator components and an optimization procedure produces a minimum volume design at discrete output powers and operating speeds. The technique is illustrated by a quantitative comparison of the specific outputs of conventional radial-field generators with samarium cobalt and alnico magnets. In Part II the specific outputs of conventional, flux-squeezing, and claw-rotor magnetic circuit configurations are compared. The flux-squeezing configuration is shown to produce the highest specifilc output for small sizes whereas the conventional configuration is best at large sizes. For all sizes the claw-rotor configuration is significantly inferior. In Part I1l the power densities available from axial-field and flux-switching magnetic circuit configurations are maximized, over the power range 0.25-10 kW and speed range 10 000-100 000 rpm, and compared to the results of Parts I & II. For the axial-field configuration the power density is always less than that of the conventional and flux-squeezing radial-field configurations.     

航空经济学及面向价值的飞机设计理论与实践

全球化的市场竞争是商用飞机产业的重要特征之一,对安全性、舒适性、经济性和环保性指标的不断追求推动着技术的不断进步及产业链的全球化发展。在飞机设计中,对经济性的考虑在航空技术和型号发展中的作用越来越突出,也是中国航空产业发展面临的重大挑战因素之一。在新技术研发决策及其在型号中的应用中,经济性考虑始终是决策的关键因素,本文综述航了空经济学的研究范畴和主要分析方法,及其对飞机概念设计、结构设计和系统选择等主要决策的影响,面向价值的设计理论和方法在飞机设计中的实践。希望本文的发表可以促进航空经济学的发展,相关方法可以在型号设计的最优综合评价中发挥作用,实现涵盖时间成本在内的综合评价指标最优的方案。可以预期,航空经济学的发展有助于提升中国航空制造业在竞争越来越激烈的全球航空产业链中的竞争力。     

数字孪生技术在飞机设计验证中的应用

随着工业4.0技术的发展,数字孪生技术正在不断渗透到工业生产和新产品研发的各个领域,并为新产品研发带来综合性能整体优化、研发成本降低、研制周期缩短等优势,是提升新产品市场竞争力的重要手段。在现代民用飞机研发过程中,从型号需求、初步定义、详细设计、生产试制、试飞取证和运营维护等产品全生命周期内,都可以利用数字孪生技术,实现虚拟和物理的无缝对接,尤其在飞机设计验证方面,更可以做到更优、更广、更快、更省。然而,在我国民用飞机研制项目中,还未形成数字孪生应用体系。本文通过对飞机架构模型设计、多模型构架集成以及模型参数辨识和验证几个方面,对数字孪生技术在飞机设计验证过程中的应用技术进行了探讨。经研究发现,数字孪生技术对飞机型号研制各阶段的设计验证,尤其是集成试验验证提供了重要的指导作用和技术支持,为民用飞机适航验证和运维服务提供了更快、更经济、更强有力的支持与保障。     

涡流发生器对Bump进气道性能影响数值研究

以一种Bump进气道为研究对象,通过在S弯扩压段入口处布置涡流发生器来控制流动分离,减小出口总压畸变。采用CFD数值计算软件对Bump进气道在设计点(Ma=2.0)与非设计点(Ma=1.8,0.8)工况下内、外流场进行计算,分析不同涡流发生器方案的效果。计算结果表明:在设计点工况下,安装涡流发生器能够抑制流动分离,改善进气道流场品质,减小出口总压畸变;在一些非设计点工况下会增大Bump进气道出口总压畸变;Bump进气道总压损失有所增大,不同叶片间距的涡流发生器对总压损失的影响相当。      

控制超临界翼型边界层分离的微型涡流发生器数值模拟

本文基于任意曲线坐标系下的雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程和Spalart-Allmaras一方程湍流模型,采用对接拼接网格技术和多重网格加速收敛技术,对安装有叶片式微型涡流发生器的超临界机翼翼身组合体进行了数值模拟,研究了微型涡流发生器的高度和弦向安装位置对超临界机翼附面层流动控制的机理以及对超临界机翼气动性能的影响规律。     

折臂式液压升降平台设计研究

折臂式液压升降平台的设计突破了传统叉架式液压升降平台的设计思想,具有结构新颖、起降平稳、安全性高和通用性强等特点。本文介绍了折臂式液压升降平台的设计过程、工作原理和结构特点,由于折臂式液压升降平台的设计实现了创新,并申报获得了专利,因此具有在同行业推广应用的价值。     

微工程与惯性测量组件微型化发展研究

介绍了基于纳米技术的微工程领域的研究和发展情况,阐述了FPGA、ASIC、ASIS等典型集成逻辑器件设计技术和基于协同仿真、验证设计环境(CVE)进行虚拟样机设计开发的设计理念,介绍了MEMS的基础理论研究,总结了MEMS的技术特点和惯性测量组件微型化的发展趋势和优势.     

飞机尾涡系Rayleigh-Ludwieg不稳定性实验研究

以飞机起降过程中主翼和尾翼产生反向涡系存在相互作用的事实为背景,设计了一套反向双漩涡发生装置。通过改变两涡的位置关系与初始涡强度比值,采用流动显示与粒子成像测速(PIV)技术,对涡系相交不稳定性的作用特性进行了研究。结果表明:小涡的引入改变了主涡原有运动轨迹,合理地引入小涡的位置与小涡的强度,对主涡能量的衰减有明显的促进作用,但它们之间不呈现明显的线性关系;涡空间运动轨迹的分析,对未来完善机场起降控制模型有一定借鉴意义;实验结果也为飞机整体设计提供了一定参考依据,在满足飞行力学的设计基础上,优化整体气动布局对降低飞机尾流强度有显著的影响。     

设备总体工作中的软件质量控制

设备软件的质量控制工作是设备总体工作不可缺少的一部分,它直接影响产品的使用质量和维护成本。本文从软件工程化管理角度出发,结合设备总体工作实践和软件测试工作实践,提出了在设备软件研制的不同阶段应该特别关注的质量要素,对设备总体工作人员具有一定的帮助。     

飞行器伺服控制系统开发技术的研究与应用

介绍了一种新的控制系统设计方法和工具IEE(工程集成环境),并将此方法应用到飞行器直接驱动舵机(DDA)数字伺服控制系统开发过程中,完成了快速原型系统的设计与试验,取得了较好的效果,证明了IEE设计方法的可行性和先进性。     

An output feedback controller for a synchronous generator

A novel approach using eigenstructure assignment is developed for the design of excitation controllers for synchronous generators. The computation procedure for the method is easy to apply, and an exact solution can be obtained without iteration. Controllers designed by the proposed approach can be easily implemented by means of proportional-integral (PI) controllers. Practical considerations in reaching an optimum selection of closed-loop eigenvalues are addressed. Time-domain simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the design method     

聚叠氮氧丁环类粘合剂──AMMO

介绍了ＡＭＭＯ粘合剂的合成、基本性质、能量特性、热分解特性、燃烧特性及ＨＭＸ／ＡＭＭＯ的燃速催化方面的国内外最新研究结果。表明ＡＭＭＯ是一种较好的聚醚型叠氮类含能粘合剂，具有广泛的应用前景。