A novel stability prediction approach for thin-walled component milling considering material removing process

The milling stability of thin-walled components is an important issue in the aviation manufacturing industry,which greatly limits the removal rate of a workpiece.However,for a thin-walled workpiece,the dynamic characteristics vary at different positions.In addition,the removed part also has influence on determining the modal parameters of the workpiece.Thus,the milling stability is also time-variant.In this work,in order to investigate the time variation of a workpiece's dynamic characteristics,a new computational model is firstly derived by dividing the workpiece into a removed part and a remaining part with the Ritz method.Then,an updated frequency response function is obtained by Lagrange's equation and the corresponding modal parameters are extracted.Finally,multi-mode stability lobes are plotted by the different quadrature method and its accuracy is verified by experiments.The proposed method improves the computational efficiency to predict the time-varying characteristics of a thin-walled workpiece.     

一种快速有效的薄壁件加工表面误差预测算法

 在切削力作用下,刀具/工件的变形是影响薄壁弱刚度件加工精度与质量的关键因素,快速有效地进行表面误差的预测是实现工艺参数优化及在线刀具路径补偿的前提。针对立铣加工过程,提出了一种考虑刀具/工件变形位置的快速柔性迭代算法,基于此建立了薄壁件加工变形预测的有限元计算模型,并通过等效集中力作用位置的确定、模型分割及最小化网格重划方法进一步提高了模型的计算速度。通过刀具/工件的瞬时接触区域的限定算法、实际切深的修正算法、材料去除效应的模拟等关键技术更提高了模型的计算精度。以典型航空铝合金材料为对象,合理安排试验,并通过数值计算结果和试验数据的对比,表明该方法计算精度高,计算速度较文献方法提高了近2倍。     

Recent progress in flexible supporting technology for aerospace thin-walled parts: A review

Thin-walled parts are widely used in the aerospace industry owing to their light weight and high specific strength. However, due to the low rigidity of thin-walled parts, elastic deformation and chatter easily occur, which seriously affect the machining accuracy and workpiece surface quality. To solve this problem, several supporting technologies have been reported in recent years. This paper reviews the recent research progress of flexible supporting technologies in the aerospace field by class...     

冷热加工技术在铝合金薄壁零件中的应用

通过分析工艺系统动、静误差及工件安装误差,提出了一种铝合金薄壁零件冷热加工方案。该方案通过合理选用刀夹具、切削用量、冷却液及多次走刀、稳定化时效处理,有效地控制了铝合金薄壁零件的加工变形,质量稳定可靠。     

随形固定自适应夹具加工变形控制方法

叶片的加工精度及其稳定性对航空发动机的性能有直接的影响,由于叶片的薄壁和曲率多变特点,易受装夹、切削力和残余应力的影响而产生弯曲、扭转变形。针对该问题,本文提出了一种随形固定自适应夹具加工变形控制方法,可以将叶片无应力装夹,并将加工过程中产生的变形逐层消除。实验结果表明,采用随性固定自适应夹具加工变形控制方法,可以有效控制叶片加工过程中产生的变形,提高加工精度。     

带摩擦阻尼叶片与轮盘耦合系统的振动分析

本文用非比例粘性阻尼等效航空发动机叶／盘耦合系统振动时叶片上凸肩（冠）接触面间产生的摩擦阻尼效应对叶／盘系统固有振动特性及响应特性的影响。利用由滞后弹簧摩擦模型所得到的等效粘性阻尼及等效刚度系数,在局部坐标下建立接触面间的刚度及阻尼矩阵,以分析阻尼对叶／盘系统的减振效应。文中所建立的基本公式、分析方法、由计算所导出的无因次曲线及振型与振动应力分布的后处理云图,可供叶轮机的设计、研制、排故及改型参考。     

基于粘弹性材料的五轴铣削加工被动抑振技术

针对薄壁件在铣削过程中极易出现颤振,且动力学特性快速变化导致切削稳定性多变的特点,研究基于粘弹性材料的被动阻尼技术,以增加薄壁零件阻尼、提升切削稳定性。提出阻尼层、约束层以及质量层的设计方案,模态试验表明该技术能大幅提升薄壁件阻尼,且对多阶振动模态有抑制作用。最后,将其应用于薄壁S样件的五轴铣削加工试验,多组切削参数下的试验结果表明,工件切削振动幅值最大可下降约97%。     

半球轴承批量检测夹具的设计及应用

三坐标测量机是快速自动测量设备,其装夹工件环节产生的准备时间对测量效率的影响远比手动量仪大.因此在批量轮番生产方式下采取有效措施,缩短测量准备时间,对提高产品检测效率具有重要意义.针对动压马达半球轴承成批轮番生产检测的任务特点,在分析检测流程、零件结构以及测量机工作特点的基础上,设计了由孔系基础板及专用定位、支承、紧固件组成的半球轴承批量检测夹具,实现了工件离线快速装夹、缩短了测量准备时间.通过实际应用证明了此方法的有效性.     

飞机结构件数控加工变形控制研究与仿真

以飞机弧形结构件这一典型易变形的零件为例,研究数控加工变形情况及其影响因素,分析数控加工过程中切削力对变形、残余应力对加工变形、装夹布局对飞机结构件数控加工变形的影响,并针对所研究的3个方面建立相应的物理仿真模型,模拟加工变形情况,提出了相应的解决方案。     

阻尼陀螺系统动力响应的有限元复模态分析方法

采用复模态分析方法研究了陀螺系统及具有粘性阻尼的陀螺系统的动力响应及其数值分析方法,提出了陀螺模态阻尼比的概念,实现了利用有限元结构分析软件对诸如薄壁旋转轴和转动薄壁壳体等各类形式的复杂旋转薄壁结构进行动力特性分析的目的,讨论了不同条件(单点旋转简谐激励和沿圆周呈周波型分布的激励)条件下转动薄壁壳体结构的行波振动特点.      

由摩擦阻尼铰实现桁架结构的被动减振研究

研究利用一种摩擦力随振动幅值的增大而增大的阻尼铰进行结构振动的被动控制。首先分析了含干摩擦约束铰结构单体梁的振动特性,并给出了系统随振动幅值变化的等效固有频率和粘性阻尼的定量表达式,然后建立了在桁架结构中设置此种摩擦铰的振动方程,分析了系统的动力特性,由计算结果发现,这种摩擦铰具有良好的阻尼特性;通过这种非线性元件,不仅通过滑移时消耗能量,而且可以将能量由低阶模态转移到高阶模态来加速振动衰减。     

复杂薄壁、薄板类零件高速加工技术初探

从加工方法,加工参数,工装夹具等方面对薄壁、薄板类零件的加工进行深入探讨,有效地解决了薄壁、薄板类零件的加工,为今后进行此类零件的加工进行了有益的技术储备。     

Modeling and Experimental Investigation of Laser Drilling with Jet Electrochemical Machining

As two kinds of defects, recast layers and spatters, commonly accompanied by laser-drilled holes always prevent the laser drilling technique from extending its applications in aerospace and aircraft industries, therefore, a novel hybrid process incorporating laser drilling with jet electrochemical machining (JECM-LD) has been developed to solve these problems as well as improve the overall quality of laser-drilled holes. It is executed by directing an electrolyte jet coaxially aligned with a laser beam onto the workpiece surface. During the process, the electrolyte jet produces electrochemical reaction with the surface material, effective cooling of it and carries away the process scraps. A two-dimensional mathematical model is proposed to describe the shape of the holes machined by JECM-LD. The model is verified through comparison between the results from simulation and those from experiments conducted on the test pieces made of 321 stainless steel 0.5 mm thick processed by the pulsed Nd:YAG laser at second harmonic wavelength. An examination of the experimental results under an optical microscope discovers that, by contrast with the laser drilling in air, the JECM-LD has effectively removed the recast layers and spatters, but its efficiency dropped by about 30%.     

热等静压工艺制备的Ti-6Al-4V薄壁筒的切削加工

为了能够提高钛合金薄壁筒的加工效率,利用热等静压工艺制备了两个具有不同结构的Ti-6Al-4V薄壁筒,研究了夹具、填充泥浆和筒结构对Ti-6Al-4V薄壁筒的外圆表面粗糙度和精度的影响。结果显示,Ti-6Al-4V热等静压薄壁筒经过切削加工能够达到精度要求,填充泥浆降低了弹性回弹,提高了薄壁筒外圆精度;筒结构的内圆环和粗大端能够提高刚度,有效降低了外圆表面粗糙度值;夹具尺寸误差对圆度和同轴度影响较大,较大的尺寸误差显著降低了筒的外圆精度。     

自由阻尼梁高频能量流响应的解析模型

针对自由阻尼梁的高频振动问题,基于波动理论提出了大阻尼复合结构的能量流解析模型。利用等效复刚度方法确定了完全自由阻尼梁结构的等效弯曲刚度和损耗因子,基于能量流分析方法构建了结构的能量密度控制方程,求解了结构的高频能量流响应。分析了弯曲波在阻尼结构耦合处的能量传递特性,构建了局部自由阻尼梁的高频能量流解析模型,预测了大阻尼耦合结构的高频振动特性。数值结果表明,提出的能量流解析解与经典的时空平均波动解一致逼近,因而能够精确地预测自由阻尼梁等大阻尼复合结构的高频能量流响应。     

Machining deformation of single-sided component based on finishing allowance optimization

Owing to reliability and high strength-to-weight ratio, large thin-walled components are widely used in the aviation and aerospace industry. Due to the complex features and sequence involved in the machining process of large thin-walled components, machining deformation of component is easy to exceed the specification. In order to address the problem, it is important to retain the appropriate finishing allowance. To find the overall machining deformation, finishing allowance-induced deformation (web finishing allowance, sidewall finishing allowance) and initial residual stress-induced deformation were considered as major factors. Meanwhile, machined surface residual stress-induced deformation, clamping stress-induced deformation, thermal deformation, gravity-induced deformation and inertial force-induced deformation were neglected in the optimization model. Six-peak Gaussian function was introduced to fit the initial residual stress. Based upon the obtained function of initial residual stress, a deformation prediction model between initial residual stress and finishing allowance was established to attain the finishing allowance-induced deformation. In addition, linear programming optimization model based on the simplex algorithm was developed to optimize the overall machining deformation. Results have concluded that the overall machining deformation reached the minimum value when sidewall finishing allowance and web finishing allowance varied between 1 and 2 mm. Additionally, web finishing allowance-induced deformation and sidewall finishing allowance-induced deformation were 1.05 mm and 0.7 mm. Furthermore, the machining deformation decreased to 0.3–0.38 mm with the application of optimized finishing allowance allocation strategy, which made 39–56% reduction of the overall machining deformation compared to that in conventional method.     

Plastic wrinkling prediction in thin-walled part forming process:A review

The precision forming of thin-walled components has been urgently needed in aviation and aerospace field. However, the wrinkling induced by the compressive instability is one of the major defects in thin-walled part forming. The initiation and growth of the wrinkles are interac-tively affected by many factors such as stress states, mechanical properties of the material, geometry of the workpiece and boundary conditions. Especially when the forming process involves compli-cated boundary conditions such as multi-dies constrains, the perturbation of clearances between workpiece and dies and the contact conditions changing in time and space, etc., the predication of the wrinkling is further complicated. In this paper, the current prediction methods were summa-rized including the static equilibrium method, the energy method, the initial imperfection method, the eigenvalue buckling analysis method, the static-implicit finite element method and the dynamic-explicit finite element method. Then, a systematical comparison and summary of these methods in terms of their advantages and limitations are presented. By using a combination of explicit FE method, initial imperfection and energy conservation, a hybrid method is recommended to predict plastic wrinkling in thin-walled part forming. Finally, considering the urgent requirements of com-plex thin-walled structures’ part in aviation and aerospace field, the trends and challenges in wrin-kling prediction under complicated boundary conditions are presented.     

阻尼不相似动力学模型的时域响应修正方法

 动力学相似的缩比模型试验中,阻尼往往难以保证相似,使得缩比模型的动响应测试数据难以直接换算到结构原型上,因此提出一种阻尼不相似动力学模型的时域响应修正方法来解决这一问题。该修正方法假定缩比模型的阻尼可用比例阻尼模型近似表征,并直接从实际缩比模型与理想缩比模型的一般强迫振动响应计算方程出发,利用线性系统的叠加原理和模态叠加法,将动响应修正量的求解转换为理想模型在一个等效附加激励力作用下的时域响应求解。同时,针对实际工程中响应测点数目有限的问题,利用模态缩聚法进行了未测量点的响应反演。该修正方法仅需已知结构原型和实际缩比模型的模态阻尼比,以及准确建立的实际缩比模型的质量矩阵和刚度矩阵,即可实现实际缩比模型在任意激励工况下的测试动响应修正。以某型飞机的翼梁缩比模型为研究对象,对所提出的响应修正方法进行了验证。试验和计算结果对比分析表明,修正后的响应功率谱密度(PSD)和响应的均方根(RMS)值与理想模型基本一致,表明了本文方法的可行性和有效性。     

双臂自适应夹具加工变形控制方法

在叶片加工过程中,由于叶片的薄壁和曲率多变特点,易受装夹、切削力和残余应力的影响而产生弯曲、扭转变形。针对该问题,本文提出了一种双臂自适应夹具加工变形控制方法,将加工过程中产生的变形逐层消除。首先,对叶片的变形成因进行分析;然后,通过对无应力装夹和加工应力释放原理进行研究,设计了一种可提供6个自由度的自适应装夹机构,并对该机构进行了工程设计和机构分析;最后,基于这种6自由度双臂自适应装夹机构,形成了本文提出的加工变形控制工艺,不需多次修复基准和更换机床,就可以逐层消除新产生的变形。实验结果表明,采用双臂夹具自适应加工变形控制方法,可以有效控制叶片加工过程中产生的变形,使叶片的轮廓误差降为原来的50%,提高了其加工精度。     

Vibrations characterization in milling of low stiffness parts with a rubber-based vacuum fixture

Fixtures are a critical element in machining operations as they are the interface between the part and the machine. These components are responsible for the precise part location on the machine table and for the proper dynamic stability maintenance during the manufacturing operations. Although these two features are deeply related, they are usually studied separately. On the one hand, diverse adaptable solutions have been developed for the clamping of different variable geometries. Parallelly, the stability of the part has been long studied to reduce the forced vibration and the chatter effects, especially on thin parts machining operations typically performed in the aeronautic field, such as the skin panels milling. The present work proposes a commitment between both features by the presentation of an innovative vacuum fixture based on the use of a vulcanized rubber layer. This solution presents high flexibility as it can be adapted to different geometries while providing a proper damping capacity due to the viscoelastic and elastoplastic behaviour of these compounds. Moreover, the sealing properties of these elastomers provide the perfect combination to transform a rubber layer into a flexible vacuum table. Therefore, in order to validate the suitability of this fixture, a test bench is manufactured and tested under uniaxial compression loads and under real finish milling conditions over AA2024 part samples. Finally, a roughness model is proposed and analysed in order to characterize the part vibration sources.