地月循环轨道动力学建模与计算研究

根据地月循环轨道的概念,按照生成第二类周期轨道的弧段进行分类,并讨论了其共振性与对称性在轨道设计与应用中的作用。然后归纳了三种循环轨道的动力学建模与计算方法及其轨道延拓策略,最后总结了三种方法的利弊和应用轨道类型。对地月系统循环轨道的研究和分析,能够为我国未来载人登月工程提供一种新的思路与理论支持。     

Radio Wave Fluctuations and Layered Structure of the Upper Region of Venusian Clouds from Radio Occultation Data

The results of the cross-correlation analysis of the amplitude fluctuations of radio waves of the = 32 cm band in seven sessions of radio occultation measurements of the northern polar atmosphere of the planet are presented. The existence of the cross-correlation of fluctuations (b 0.6) is established in the altitude realizations in the interval 61.5–65.0 km for two different sessions of radio occultation. Inner layering is revealed in the upper layer of the clouds of the planet at altitudes of 61.5–65.0 km, which is specified by an enhanced turbulence of the atmosphere. It is found that the lifetime of the small-scale layered irregularities is no less than 2 days and that their horizontal extension in the meridional direction can exceed 130 km. A possible cause of the emergence of the layered structures inside the upper layer of the polar clouds of Venus is discussed.     

Statistical Correlation of the Rate of Failures on Geosynchronous Satellites with Fluxes of Energetic Electrons and Protons

A statistical comparison of failures on geosynchronous satellites in the maximum and during the decline of the 22nd solar cycle (1989–1994) with space weather parameters is carried out. A positive correlation of the rate of failures with the flux of relativistic electrons on the geosynchronous orbit and with the proton flux measured before the bow shock front is revealed. The significant positive correlation of the electron flux with the rate of failures is observed during the entire considered interval. The correlation coefficient varies in the solar activity cycle in coordination with the electron flux, and the maxima of the correlation coefficient are observed on the phase of decline of the cycle. A statistically significant positive correlation between the flux of protons with energy of more than 1 MeV and the rate of failures is revealed in the maximum of the solar cycle.__________Translated from Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 43, No. 3, 2005, pp. 186–193.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Romanova, Pilipenko, Yagova, Belov.     

Distortion of Radio Reflections from Spacecraft Construction Elements by Plasma Jets and Structures: Physical Modeling

The methodology of physical modeling of scattering of electromagnetic waves by plasma jets and structures near a spacecraft's surface is developed. The effects of attenuation and distortion of radio signals reflected from spacecraft construction elements by plasma jets and artificial plasma structures, which arise during the operation of electric jet engines, injection of electron beams, and in the course of active and passive experiments in orbit, are experimentally investigated.     

Dynamics of Planetary Waves in the Ionosphere as Observed from GPS Satellites

The GPS satellite data are used to study the dynamics of the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) over Central Europe in the summer season from June 23 to September 30, 1996. The TEC variations within the range of periods typical of the planetary waves were found to be nearly synchronous with the neutral wind variations in the mesosphere and with the variations in the occurrence of ionospheric sporadic layers. The observed TEC variations were interpreted as the result of penetration of energy carried by nonstationary Rossby waves to the upper atmospheric altitudes.     

基于经验模态分解的外弹道降噪方法及应用

针对外弹道测量数据信号的非平稳性,引入经验模态分解法,根据工程实际应用需求进行改进,提出实用的基于经验模态分解的外弹道降噪方法。新算法验证了外弹道噪声的分布规律并反映了经验模态分解算法的特性。相对于多项式滤波算法,新算法保证了数据信息完整性,有效地降低了噪声的不利影响,提高数据信息的可靠性和真实性。通过仿真和工程实践计算,验证了该算法的有效性和适用性。     

精密定轨中三类经验加速度的有效建模方法

根据瞬时速度脉冲、逐段常量经验加速度和周期性摄动加速度模型的特点,分别给出敏感矩阵的有效计算方法,以及最小二乘批处理的设计矩阵和法方程矩阵的分块结构。该建模方法将灵敏度矩阵数值积分规模和存储规模降为O(n),而传统方法为O(n 2)。应用GRACE-A星载GPS观测数据对法方程的计算效率测试,结果表明：对于瞬时速度脉冲和逐段常量经验加速度模型,当采用伪距观测量时,法方程构建效率提高1倍;当采用伪距加载波相位观测量时,效率提高3.5倍。对于周期性摄动加速度模型,效率没有明显提高,主要原因在于模型参数较少,矩阵分块建模方法的优越性尚未体现。     

Attitude Determination for Satellites in the INTERBALL Project from a Limited Set of Measurements

The determination of the orientation of satellites in the INTERBALL project from a limited set of measurements is discussed. It is shown that the full set of attitude parameters can be obtained by processing only the solar sensor data. The accuracy of corresponding parameters is estimated from alternative measurements.     

廊坊市城镇居民消费结构的实证分析

文章利用廊坊市2004-2010年的统计数据,研究和分析廊坊市城镇居民的消费结构中各项消费的比重、消费增长率、消费倾向等经济参数,结果表明医疗保健、教育文化消费支出没有明显改善。最后,在定量分析的基础上,提出优化廊坊市城镇居民消费结构的建议和对策。     

廊坊市农村居民消费结构的实证分析

研究廊坊市农村居民消费结构,对于促进产业结构优化和全面建设小康社会有着非常重要的意义。利用2004—2010年的廊坊市农村居民消费结构的统计数据对各项消费的比重及其边际消费倾向进行分析,得出食品消费比重偏高、医疗保健和教育文化消费增加缓慢等问题,在此基础上,提出优化廊坊市农村居民消费结构的建议和对策。     

影响专科护生实习质量因素分析

护理专科生进行临床实习是护理专业教学过程中的重要组成部分，是学校教育的延续和深化提高过程。临床实习质量的高低直接关系到学生就业率及工作质量。研究、分析影响护理专科学生实习质量的因素，有利于改善学生的实习环境、增加学生动手机会，提高就业能力及工作质量。通过不记名方式进行问卷调查，从三个方面16项测评内容了解学生对实习质量的影响因素，并对主要影响因素进行分析。     

环境工程在卫星研制生产中的应用

文章从环境工程的应用角度,分析了卫星产品研制生产中环境工程工作的现状和存在的问题,提出了环境工程在卫星研制生产中的应用模式:从指导思想到卫星研制各阶段的任务分配;特别强调剪裁原则、环境分析技术、信息管理和防护技术研究方面是关键问题。指出环境工程是一个复杂的系统工程,必须加强环境工程相关各方的合作,才能实现环境工程对卫星产品环境适应性的保障作用。     

Radio Occultation Measurements of the Radio Wave Absorption and the Sulfuric Acid Vapor Content in the Atmosphere of Venus

The results of the determination of centimeter ( = 5 cm) radio waves absorption in the radio occultation experiments, carried out using the Venera-15and Venera-16spacecraft, are presented. The altitude distribution of the absorber substance is analyzed. The absorbing layer is shown to exist at altitudes of 64 to 58 km in the near-polar regions of the planet. At middle latitudes such an absorbing layer was not found. In the altitude range from 56 to 46 km the radio wave absorption by the sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) vapor is observed. The content of the sulfuric acid vapor is shown to increase with decreasing altitude: in the mid-latitude region at altitudes of 56.7 and 53 km it equals 5 and 20 ppm, respectively, and at polar latitudes the same content of H₂SO₄vapor is observed at altitudes of 51.2 and 47 km, respectively. A comparison of these results with the data of radio wave absorption in the = 13 cm band, obtained in the Pioneer Venus Orbiterradio occultation experiments, leads to the conclusion that the obtained values of the sulfuric acid vapor content well agree in the regions of overlap of the data.     

低轨卫星编队飞行的地面覆盖及轨道调整

通过施加冲量的方法消除J2项摄动和大气阻力摄动对编队飞行的影响,在编队的相对构型和整体绝对位置得到控制后,研究了低轨卫星编队飞行的地面覆盖问题,最后通过算例给出了卫星编队在南北纬86°之间全球覆盖所需的时间、周期、圈数和覆盖角。计算结果表明,对于偏心率较小的低轨编队飞行,根据本文所推导公式计算出的结果是比较可靠的。     

Thermal Analysis of Trajectories of Return from the Moon Using Several Entries into the Atmosphere for Ballistic Capsule and Gliding Descent Vehicles

Cosmic Research - In this paper, we study the scheme of a descent vehicle’s return from the Moon using several intermediate passages of the Earth’s atmosphere before landing. The...     

空间天文望远镜主动制冷焦面结构设计、分析与热实验

对某天文卫星的可见光望远镜载荷CCD焦面工作温度需求进行了分析计算。为满足CCD焦面 -65℃ 的工作温度需求,设计了主动制冷焦面结构。采用有限元方法分析了工作温度下热电制冷器和导热胶产生的热应力,结果表明热电制冷器最大应力为14Mpa,导热胶最大剪切应力为1.2Mpa,均处于许用安全应力内。研制的焦面组件模拟件顺利通过了真空热试验,验证了焦面组件的制冷性能与安全性。     

GPS自主定姿定轨技术在新一代大型静止轨道卫星上的应用

GPS技术是航天工程中具有发展前途的关键技术，是卫星自主定姿定轨高效经济的方法。新一代大型静止轨道卫星（即地球同步轨道静止卫星）上采用GPS自主定姿定轨技术能使卫星定姿定轨技术上一个新台阶。本文着重分析研究了新一代大型静止轨道卫星平台上采用GPS自主定姿定轨技术的可行性。     

Statistical analysis of turbulence in the foreshock region and in the Earth’s magnetosheath

Statistical properties of magnetic field and plasma flux fluctuations outside the Earth’s magnetosphere are studied on various time scales based on the INTERBALL-1 satellite data. The analysis of “rough” turbulence characteristics has shown that turbulence properties in various parts of the magnetosheath are distinct. The spectral density of the magnetic field undergoes a break at a frequency of ∼0.5 Hz. As a more “fine” characteristic of the fluctuations on various time scales, changes in the shape and parameters of the probability density function were studied. The analysis of the height of a maximum of the probability density function P(0) and of the kurtosis values have shown the presence of two asymptotic modes of P(0), which are characterized by different power laws. The critical scale, on which the properties of P(0) change, corresponds, presumably, to the scales of the Larmor radius of ions. Based on the results of studying structural functions of various orders, the conclusion is drawn that small-scale turbulence in the foreshock and magnetosheath is described by different phenomenological models.     

Choosing Critical Values for Development of Electron-Stimulated Discharges in Insulator Covers of Satellites and the Limits of Integration for the Incident Particle Spectrum

The choice of critical values for developing electron-stimulated discharges (ESDs) in insulator covers of spacecraft is substantiated. In addition, it is found that the error in determination of an estimated potential of the open surface of the quartz film 150 m thick, related to changing the lower limit of integration of the bi-Maxwellian spectrum of electrons for the case of positively charged open dielectric surface relative to the substrate, was less than 12%.     

复杂弹头目标微运动的建模与仿真

通过对雷达目标旋转微运动的分析,推导了点源目标的微多普勒频偏计算公式.以静态电磁理论建模为基础,提出了锥旋弹头的动态电磁建模方法,仿真得到锥旋弹头的RCS回波,并用时频方法对回波进行了分析.仿真结果与理论计算对比,证明了理论推导的正确性.