ELID磨削——硬脆材料精密和超精密加工的新技术

金属基超硬磨料砂轮在线电解修整磨削技术是国外近年发展起来的一种硬脆材料精密和超精密加工新技术。本文介绍了ＥＩＤ磨削技术的基本原理、工艺特点和国内外研究情况。应用ＥＬＩＤ磨削技术,可对工程陶瓷等硬脆材料实现高效率磨削和精密镜面磨削 。     

硅微晶玻璃超精密磨削技术的研究

介绍了应用铸铁结合剂金刚石微粉砂轮和在线电解修整（ＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｔｉｃＩｎ－ｐｒｏｃｅｓＤｒｅｓｉｎｇ,简称ＥＬＩＤ）磨削技术对硅微晶玻璃材料零件进行的超精密磨削实验。通过改变磨削参数并用力和声发射信号对磨削过程进行在线检测,对硅微晶玻璃材料的磨削进行了分析研究。实验结果表明用ＥＬＩＤ磨削方法磨削硅微晶玻璃可以达到良好的镜面磨削效果     

ELID超精密镜面磨削在平面磨床上的实现

介绍了ＥＬＩＤ越精密镜面磨削的机理，阐述了实现条件，并在平面磨床上进行了ＧＣｒ１５和ＹＴ１４的磨削试验，取得了满意的结果。     

ELID超精密镜面磨削过程中磨削力变化规律的试验分析

通过对ＥＬＩＤ磨削过程中磨削力变化规律的试验分析,并对试验结果进行了讨论,得出ＥＬＩＤ磨削力与磨削深度、磨粒粒度、磨削时间等之间的变化规律。     

提高工效的超精密镜面磨削加工

提高工效的超精密镜面磨削加工日本理化学研究所与有关单位合作开发出应用电解在线修整法（ＥＬＩＤ）的超精密镜面磨削系统．它是对由化学气相沉积制成的非球面碳化硅反射镜同时进行表面粗糙度和形状加工，可使加工时间比用传统的研磨加工大大缩短．实验证实加工直径２０...     

超精密平面磨床设计中的关键技术

介绍了超精密平面磨床设计中的主要关键技术．主轴及Ｘ．Ｙ．Ｚ轴导轨均采用了气体静压成液体静压轴承，采用误差补偿技术对Ｘ．Ｙ轴导轨误差进行补偿，三轴均由ＣＮＣ系统控制．设计了分辨率为０．０１μｍ的砂轮特殊微量进给装置，并应用了砂轮电解在线修整（ＥＬＩＤ）技术．     

精密偶件的精密加工技术

本文系统地论述了精密偶件的研磨、滚压、珩磨、超硬材料铰削、超精密车削、磨削及超精密平面滚研等精密加工工艺。     

CUPE的超精密加工及测试技术

介绍了英国Ｃｒａｎｆｉｅｌｄ大学超精密加工实验室的概况、主要的研究范围及内容．重点介绍了超精密金刚石切削和磨削机床，超精密测量仪器，超精密加工和测量机床的组件以及Ｎａｎｏｃｅｎｔｒｅ超精密车床中的关键技术．     

陶瓷喷涂层精密镜面磨削技术的实验研究

引入金属基超硬磨料砂轮在线电解修整(ELID)技术，对陶瓷喷涂层进行精密镜面磨削的实验研究。结果表明，该技术加工精度高、表面质量好，极具应用前景。     

碳化硼材料动压气浮轴承零件精密加工

针对高精度、高硬度、高脆性碳化硼材料的动压气浮轴承零件精密加工存在加工合格率低和效率低的问题,进行了加工流程、精密磨削与精密研磨的技术改进。首先,采用电火花套切方法去除大部分加工余量、小余量精密磨削和精密研磨加工的工艺方法,提高了轴承零件加工效率。其次,通过设计制作专用高精度定位磨削夹具和金刚石砂轮修整装置,解决了轴承零件磨削加工形位精度不高和砂轮无法进行在位修整的问题。最后,通过研制圆柱面精密研磨机,解决由于原有研磨设备精度差造成的加工质量和效率低的问题。通过采取技术改进措施,实现了碳化硼轴承零件亚微米级形位精度的磨削加工,提高了轴承零件的加工精度、合格率和加工效率。     

硬脆材料光滑表面超精磨削的研究

利用自行研制的专用小电流低电压脉冲/直流电解电源和非线性弱电解水基磨削液,在MM712OA精密平面磨床上制作了一套ELID磨削装置,对硬脆材料的ELID光滑表面磨削技术进行了系统的研究,获得了砂轮修整参数及磨削参数与光滑表面磨削粗糙度之间的关系。     

铸铁结合剂微粉金刚石砂轮的在线电解修整的试验研究

针对硬脆材料光滑磨削表面的要求,在MM7120A精密平面磨床上自行制作了一套ELID磨削装置,并对铸铁结合剂微粉金刚石砂轮在线电解修整技术进行了试验研究。建立了电解参数对微粉砂轮表面修整形貌的影响关系,提出了ELID的双重作用特性,即微量修锐和精密整形,并发现了电解膜在硬脆材料磨削过程中的重要功效。     

Thermomechanical coupling effect on characteristics of oxide film during ultrasonic vibration-assisted ELID grinding ZTA ceramics

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted ELID (UVA-ELID) grinding is utilized as a novel and highly efficient processing method for hard and brittle materials such as ceramics. In this study, the UVA-ELID grinding ZTA ceramics is employed to investigate the influence of thermomechanical loading on the characteristics of oxide film. Based on the fracture mechanics of material, the model of internal stress for oxide film damage is proposed. The thermomechanical loading is composed of mechanical force and the thermal stress generating from grinding temperature. The theoretical model is established for the mechanical force, thermal stress and internal stress respectively. Then the finite element analysis method is used to simulate the theoretical model. The mechanical force and grinding temperature is measured during the actual grinding test. During the grinding process, the effect of grinding wheel speed and grinding depth on the thermomechanical force and the characteristics of oxide film is analyzed. Compared with the conventional ELID (C-ELID) grinding, the mechanical force decreased by 25.6% and 22.4% with the increase of grinding wheel speed and grinding depth respectively, and the grinding temperature declined by 10.7% and 12.8% during the UVA-ELID grinding. The thermal stress in the latter decreased by 16.3% and 20.8% respectively, and internal stress reduced by 12.3% and 15.6%. It was experimentally found that the topographies of oxide layer on the surface of the wheel and the machined surface in the latter was better than that in the former. The results indicate that the action of ultrasonic vibration establish a significant effect on the processing. Subsequently, it should be well considered for future reference when processing the ZTA ceramics.     

超声ELID 复合磨削磨削力模型研究

以ELID 电解原理为基础,结合超声振动辅助磨削过程中单颗磨粒的运动学分析,建立了超声 ELID 复合磨削条件下的磨削力数学解析模型,并对模型进行了分析和仿真。对模型的分析表明:超声振动改 变了磨粒的运动轨迹,使同等条件下的未变形切屑厚度减小,砂轮的在线电解修整使磨粒始终处于锋锐状态, 而且影响砂轮的实际切削深度,进而对磨削力产生影响。磨削力随着超声振动频率、振幅、电解电压、脉冲比、 电解液电阻率的增大而减小;随着切削深度、工件速度的增大而增大。     

Grinding behavior and surface appearance of（TiC_p＋ TiB_w）/Ti-6Al-4V titanium matrix composites

（TiCp＋ TiBw）/Ti-6Al-4V titanium matrix composites（PTMCs） have broad application prospects in the aviation and nuclear field. However, it is a typical difficult-to-cut material due to high hardness of the reinforcements, high strength and low thermal conductivity of Ti-6Al-4V alloy matrix. Grinding experiments with vitrified CBN wheels were conducted to analyze comparatively the grinding performance of PTMCs and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Grinding force and force ratios, specific grinding energy, grinding temperature, surface roughness, ground surface appearance were discussed. The results show that the normal grinding force and the force ratios of PTMCs are much larger than that of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Low depth of cut and high workpiece speed are generally beneficial to achieve the precision ground surface for PTMCs. The hard reinforcements of PTMCs are mainly removed in the ductile mode during grinding. However, the removal phenomenon of the reinforcements due to brittle fracture still exists, which contributes to the lower specific grinding energy and grinding temperature of PTMCs than Ti-6Al-4V alloy.     

Research on Ultrasonic Vibration Grinding of the Hard and Brittle Materials

It is well known that grinding techniques are main methods to machine hard and brittle materials such as engineering ceramics. But the conventional grinding has many shortcomings such as poorer surface finish,quicker wear and tear of grinding tools,lower effi-ciency and so on. Ultrasonic vibration grinding (UVG) which combines ultrasonic machining and grinding emerged as a developing and promising technique in recent years. In this paper,experimental studies on UVG were conducted on several kinds of hard and brittle material by altering processing parameters such as vibration frequency and its amplitude,diamond abrasive grit size,cutting depth,feeding speed and rotary speed of tools. The experimental results show that alteration in any of above mentioned parameters will bring effects on the processed surface finish of these materials. Of them,the diamond abrasive grit size has the greatest. Moreover,conven-tional grinding experiments were also carried out on these materials. By comparison,it was found that the UVG is superior to the con-ventional method in terms of the ground surface quality,the working efficiency and the wear rate of tools.     

ELID超精密镜面磨削钝化膜状态变化的研究

建立了ELID磨削系统的电解反应回路等效模型,提出用极间电流表征金属结合剂砂轮表面的钝化膜状态,分析了钝化膜在ELID超精密镜面磨削电解预修锐阶段、在线电解修整动态磨削阶段和光磨阶段的状态变化。     

在线电解(ELID)磨削试验台的设计及应用

根据ELID磨削的特点,设计了专门用于研究ELID磨削的试验台。其电极间隙、电极面积和砂轮切向力可以根据要求进行调整,并且设计了专门的砂轮取样机构以方便对钝化膜状态的观测。结果表明该试验台上可以较好地模拟砂轮电解预修锐和ELID磨削过程。     

ELID成形磨削实验研究与表面粗糙度预测

为了探究ELID成型磨削中磨削参数和电解参数对表面粗糙度的影响规律,基于未变形切屑厚度模型,考虑砂轮上磨粒出刃高度的随机性以及ELID磨削中氧化膜的影响,建立了针对ELID磨削的表面粗糙度预测模型。单因素实验研究了ELID成形磨削电源参数对表面粗糙度的影响规律,并探讨了电解电流与氧化膜厚度之间的关系。全因子实验以工件转速、砂轮转速和进给切深为影响因素,研究了磨削参数对表面粗糙度的影响规律,并对预测模型进行了验证。结果表明:磨削参数中,其他条件一定时,表面粗糙度随砂轮转速的增大而减小,随工件转速和切深的增大而增大;同时对于粗糙度的预测误差达到了8.75%,预测模型有效可靠。