用概率法计算飞机大部件对合交点的协调准确度

本文以某飞机前后机身连接交点为例,用概率法对大部件结合的孔—轴—轴—孔交点的准确度进行了研究,介绍了生产实践中制定检验标准的方法和应用实例。     

高速铰削飞机交点孔的几点经验

某型歼击机机身与机翼对接的结合交点,其材料为30CrMnSiNi2A,强度σ_b=1670±100MPa,孔径为19～30_0~(0.045)mm,表面粗糙度为Ral.6μm。在切削试验的基础上,对高速铰孔工艺参数和刀具几何参数等进行了初步选择,积累了一些加工经验,并将交点孔表面粗糙度值降低到Ra0.8～0.2μm。     

大直径交点孔螺旋铣精加工技术研究

在飞机装配过程中经常需要进行大直径交点孔的精加工。交点孔的直径大、材料工艺性差导致精加工时切削力大、振动大,不同耳片间初孔不同心导致刀具受力不均易引偏,装配制孔作业环境复杂导致大型加工设备使用困难。目前主要加工方法为使用自动进给钻进行多次的扩孔和铰孔,制孔效率低、使用刀具种类多、成本高。螺旋铣孔是航空航天领域出现的制孔新方法,在难加工材料大直径孔加工中,与传统的钻、扩、铰工艺相比具有更好的制孔质量和效率,尤其在扩孔加工时,螺旋铣孔刀具不会被初孔引偏,优势明显。基于便携式螺旋铣孔装备,开展了大直径交点孔扩孔精加工试验,检测了加工孔的尺寸精度和孔壁表面质量,并进一步研究了孔壁表面完整性,结果表明,孔径尺寸精度优于±0.05 mm,孔壁粗糙度优于R_a1.6μm,验证了采用螺旋铣孔方法实现飞机装配交点孔精加工的可行性。     

飞机机身-机翼接头精加工条件评价技术

 在飞机机身部件数字化对接装配过程中,为保证机身-机翼接头配合面与连接孔精加工的安全性,在加工前安排机身-机翼接头的在线三坐标测量工序。具体阐述了基于专用数控机床的机身-机翼接头测量方法,提出了被测孔与平面理想几何要素的稳健最小二乘拟合方法,并给出了基于被测孔、面拟合方位的机身-机翼接头可加工性评价模型。仿真结果表明：接头孔与平面的稳健拟合方法具有较高的精度和较强的抗粗差能力,机身-机翼接头的可加工性检验能揭示不合理的飞机机身、机翼位姿所带来的加工安全隐患,从而避免精加工过程破坏机身-机翼接头。     

“干线机前起落架孔精加工技术研究”课题技术总结

对干线机前起落架交点孔精加工的加工工艺方法、工装工具的选择设计和制造、精加工刀具的设计和制造以及加工工艺参数的确定等方面进行了研究。通过在模拟试验台上对试件进行试切，保证了工装工具的正确定位，摸索了工艺参数，最后在产品上加工成功。     

飞机大部件对接及精加工系统研究

飞机机身与机翼大部件对接及孔精加工任务,存在装配对象质量大、所需精加工孔数量多、需要在总装现场进行加工等难点。为解决上述问题,设计了一种飞机大部件对接及精加工系统。在数字化测量系统的定位下,AGV平台装载运输机翼大部件,配合位姿定位系统进行机翼与机身的调姿对接,由孔精加工系统完成孔的精加工。经试验验证,系统的定位误差小于行程的0.1%,精加工孔的尺寸精度满足IT7精度。大批量孔精加工试验中,对接与精加工150个孔用时总计36 h,验证了其部署于实际生产线中的可行性。     

大部件对接后交点孔精加工方法研究

飞机上大部件对接大多采用叉耳式交点对接,装配中常采用在交点孔内径上留有工艺余量,对接时通过扩、铰孔的精加工方法来消除装配误差,保证飞机的装配要求。某型飞机大部件对接交点沿上下两条轴线分布着多组交点孔,耳片不连续,形成不连续的深孔,这种对接方式在国内飞机装配中首次采用。通过对部件结构进行研究,设计了合理的精加工方法和加工刀具,并通过生产验证,达到了理想的效果。     

基于PMAC的柔性导轨制孔设备控制系统研制

针对上海交通大学研制的应用于飞机机身、机翼蒙皮进行制孔的柔性导轨自动制孔设备,提出了一套以PMAC运动控制卡为核心的开放式数控系统的设计方法。根据飞机自动制孔的特点与要求,设计并分析了柔性导轨自动制孔设备的整体框架、硬件构成、软件模块、设备坐标系下加工代码生成方法。初步制孔试验表明,该系统实现了设备设计功能,能够实现群孔加工。     

飞机工装制造的检验孔工作法

在飞机生产中,由于产品零件结构复杂,型面特殊,导致所用工装上的定位面、安装孔、钻套孔、对刀面等(下面统称“待加工面”),对工艺基准面既不平行,也不垂直,形成了一些空间斜而,空间倾斜直线和空间交点。图1是这样一些工装几种倾斜位置的典型示意图。     

尺寸坐标转换公差的微分计算

在机械制造的设计、工艺和技术测量中,往往会遇到尺寸坐标转换后确定其公差的问题。例如,为加工斜孔设计的钻具,钻套的位置(尺寸和角度)应表示出它与定位表面之间的关系。而在产品图纸上所给出的交点尺寸和角度,有时不能满足这一要求。因此,就不仅需要进行交点尺寸的坐标转换和空间角度的计     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.