平均轨道根数与密切轨道根数的互换

基于双行轨道根数和简化普适摄动算法,提出平均轨道根数与密切轨道根数的互换算法。以在轨Tan-DEM-X编队的双星为例进行仿真。与传统的只考虑J2项摄动短周期影响的转换算法相比,本文提出的互换算法精度更高：由平均轨道根数转换的密切轨道根数与STK 8软件给出的结果一致;由密切轨道根数转换的平均轨道根数与北美防空司令部公布的双行轨道根数一致。仿真结果表明该互换方法具有科学性和工程应用价值。     

基于网络编码的空间DTN中CGR改进算法

随着空间通信技术的发展,卫星节点的增多,以及容延迟容中断通信需求的不断提高,空间DTN (DelayTolerant Network,容延迟网络)环境中各通信节点间的路由技术日益重要,相继出现了多种适用于DTN的路由技术.基于空间DTN的结构与特点,对CGR(Contact Graph Routing,接触图路由)算法以及基于编码的路由算法进行了分析比较,然后针对空间DTN中CGR算法的缺点和不足,研究提出了基于NC(Network Coding,网络编码)的空间DTN中的CGR改进算法(NC-CGR),并通过仿真实验平台对算法性能进行了分析评估.仿真结果表明,相比于CGR算法,NC-CGR算法在链路传输时延、传输包裹数目、中继缓存大小、链路丢包率等不同条件下的适应性方面均表现出较大优势,更适用于具有复杂拓扑、带宽受限、高动态特性的空间DTN环境.     

Overview of multiple satellite communication networks

Recently interest in packet communications has stimulated an interest in constellations of low altitude satellites. Such a configuration would have less propagation delay and be cheaper to launch than satellites at higher or geosynchronous altitude. However, many more satellites are necessary at low altitude to achieve reasonable coverage of the earth and insure availability of the resource. Further, the geometry of such a constellation would be dynamic with communication links of short duration as the satellites speed past each other or a ground site. The most difficult design issue in these systems is a stable method of routing messages that will sustain a reasonable level of traffic. This paper explores the problems of routing and switching messages through a constellation of low altitude satellites and examines some of the related demands on technology. The dynamic nature of crosslinks, uplinks, and downlinks requires a very agile antenna system, and the volume of information for routing of traffic is overwhelming. Use of some type of facetted phased array antenna is advocated to solve the former problem, but the latter problem is more subtle. Since the volume of ephemeris and constellation data as well as the rate of update is unmanageable, schemes relying on some form of broadcast or random access may be considered. It is concluded that none of the known or examined approaches to routing and switching is completely satisfactory     

Walker星座星间链路构建准则及优化设计研究

首先通过分析Walker星座空间结构,得到星座星间链路基本几何关系;其次研究了卫星之间的相对运动规律和星座几何构型,确定了能够反映空间几何特性的Walker星座星间链路设计的基本准则,得到了星座全连通性数学解析判据,并根据星座一体化设计中的层次约束准则思想,给出了星间链路分析设计流程;最后,针对几个考虑星间链路的Walker星座的一体化优化设计问题,给出了分析设计实例。     

Rosette Constellations of Earth Satellites

Satellite constellations having rosette (flowerlike) orbital patterns are described which exhibit better worldwide coverage properties than constellations previously reported in U.S. literature. The best rosettes with 5-15 satellites are identified and evaluated relative to prior results. In most cases, the best results are obtained by placing one satellite in each of N separate planes and by using inclined rather than polar orbits. Coverage properties of these constellations are analyzed in terms of the largest possible great circle range between an observer anywhere on the Earth's surface and the nearest subsatellite point. When evaluated in this manner, coverage properties are invariant with deployment altitude. As deployment altitude is reduced, however, higher order constellations must be used to maintain a fixed minimum viewing angle. Coverage properties are also invariant with deployment orientation relative to Earth coordinates, although specific orientations can cause the satellite patterns to appear quasi-stationary. Thus these constellations offer a promising alternative to the use of geostationary satellites. Rosette constellations can also be used to guarantee multiple satellite visibility on a continuous worldwide basis. It is shown that 5, 7, 9, and 11 satellites are the minimum numbers required for single, double, triple, and quadruple visibility, respectively. Examples of rosette constellations which achieve these bounds are given.     

ELGR: An Energy-efficiency and Load-balanced Geographic Routing Algorithm for Lossy Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Geographic routing is a highly active area of research in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) owing to its efficiency and scalability. However, the use of simple greedy forwarding decreases the packet reception rate (PRR) dramatically in unreliable wireless environments; this also depresses the network lifetime. Therefore, it is important to improve delivery performance and prolong MANET lifetime simultaneously. In this article, a novel geographic routing algorithm, named energy-efficiency and load-loalanced geographic routing (ELGR), is presented for lossy MANETs. ELGR combines energy efficiency and load balance to make routing decisions. First, a link estimation scheme for the PRR is presented that increases the network energy efficiency level. Second, a learning method is proposed to adaptively sense local network loads, allowing enhanced whole network load balance. The results of a simulation show that ELGR performs better than several other geographic routing algorithms; in particular it extends network lifetime by about 20%, with a higher delivery ratio.     

RSAB积木块自动布线系统

 本文介绍了在SUN工作站UNIX操作系统下实现的一个用于LSI/VLSI积木块布图设计的自动布线系统——RSAB,给出了系统构成,通道定义方法以及全局和通道布线算法。系统除了可对一般信号线网自动布线外,还可处理特殊线网(电源/地线网,临界线网等)的自动布线。目前RSAB已集成在一个交互式版图编辑系统——Magic中,提供设计者一个友好的用户界面和自动/交互式布图环境。实验结果表明RSAB是可行的,布线结果令人满意。     

Wavelength dimensioning for wavelength-routed WDM satellite network

Internet and broadband applications driven by data traffic demand have become key dri-vers for satellite constellations. The key technology to satisfy the high capacity requirements between satellites is optical satellite networks by means of wavelength division multiplexing inter-satellite links (ISLs) with wavelength routing (WDM-OSN). Due to the limited optical amplifier bandwidth onboard the satellite, it is important to minimize the wavelength requirements to provi-sion requests. However, ISLs should be dynamically established and deleted for each satellite according to its visible satellites. Furthermore, different link assignments will result in different topologies, hence yielding different routings and wavelength assignments. Thus, a perfect match model-based link assignment scheme (LAS-PMM) is proposed to design an appropriate topology such that shorter path could be routed and less wavelengths could be assigned for each ISL along the path. Finally, simulation results show that in comparison to the regular Manhattan street net-work (MSN) topology, wavelength requirements and average end-to-end delay based on the topol-ogy generated by LAS-PMM could be reduced by 24.8%and 12.4%, respectively.     

Resolution and synthetic aperture characterization of sparse radar arrays

The concept of radar satellite constellations, or clusters, for synthetic aperture radar (SAR), moving target indicator (MTI), and other radar modes has been proposed and is currently under research. These constellations form an array that is sparsely populated and irregularly spaced; therefore, traditional matched filtering is inadequate for dealing with the constellation's radiation pattern. To aid in the design, analysis, and signal processing of radar satellite constellations and sparse arrays in general, the characterization of the resolution and ambiguity functions of such systems is investigated. We project the radar's received phase history versus five sensor parameters: time, frequency, and three-dimensional position, into a phase history in terms of two eigensensors that can be interpreted as the dimensions of a two-dimensional synthetic aperture. Then, the synthetic aperture expression is used to derive resolution and the ambiguity function. Simulations are presented to verify the theory.     

对低轨导航系统发展趋势的思考CSCD

全球卫星导航系统成熟的产业推广和技术应用极大地牵引了卫星导航发展需求,使相关学者愈来愈关注恶劣电磁环境下的抗干扰技术以及分米、厘米级高精度导航定位服务。低轨星座优越的平台/轨道特性使其被誉为未来极具潜力的卫星导航手段。特别是近十年商业航天的蓬勃发展,带动卫星平台技术及火箭运载技术突飞猛进,大大降低了低轨卫星制造与发射成本,使得面向低轨星座的导航定位技术成为研究热点和发展方向。首先深入地剖析了不同历史阶段低轨导航的应用方向和技术体制,梳理归纳了低轨卫星星座独立定位及低中高轨卫星联合定位两种应用模式的技术特点,然后分析了未来低轨导航在整个卫星导航系统体系中的应用前景和技术挑战,为未来低轨导航系统建设和发展提供设计参考与技术借鉴。     

Power beaming providing a space power infrastructure

A study based on two levels of technology maturity, which applies to the power beaming concept to four planned satellite constellations, is described. The analysis shows that with currently available technology, power beaming can provide mass savings to constellations to orbits ranging from low-Earth orbit to geosynchronous orbit. Two constellations, a space surveillance and tracking system and space-based radar, can be supported with current technology. The other two constellations, a space-based laser array and a boost surveillance and tracking system, will require power and transmission system improvements before their break-even specific mass is achieved. A doubling of SP-100 conversion efficiency from 10 to 20% would meet or exceed break-even for these constellations     

A launcher family backing the competitive position of ARIANE 5

One of the key characteristics of space transportation in the next decade will be the diversity of the missions required, demanding increased flexibility in terms of launch services. This requirement will be apparent in all three market segments: geostationary satellites, constellations and scientific/governmental applications. To meet this new demand, the space transportation operators are seeking to establish a range of launchers.     

Analytical solutions for Earth discontinuous coverage of satellite constellation with repeating ground tracks

This paper presents an analytical model for calculating the Earth discontinuous coverage of satellite constellation with repeating ground tracks by integrating and extending the application of coverage region and route theory. Specifically, the visibility condition for a ground point is represented as a coverage region in the two-dimension map of visibility properties, and the trajectories of satellites with circular orbits and repeating ground tracks are converted to several inclined lines in t...     

21世纪AMSS／GNSS空间段发展方向兼论卫星资源国际共享问题

航空移动卫星系统（ＡＭＳＳ）空间段采用单一的ＧＥＯ轨道卫星，未来将有ＭＥＯ和ＬＥＯ轨道卫星加入运行，仍然不排斥ＧＥＯ轨道卫星的使用。全球导航卫星系统（ＧＮＳＳ）空间段采用ＭＥＯ轨道卫星，未来将仍然以ＭＥＯ为主，可能有ＨＥＯ轨道卫星加入运行。２１世纪的空间段将为不同轨道卫星的多星座组合，采用一星多用、星座共用，形成多功能卫星和多功能星座。和平时期卫星资源的国际民间共建共营共享将更为普遍，要有全球观点，国内各行各业要有全局观点，对监测和增强系统统一筹建共用系统，防止分散投资、重复建设     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Core-based Shared Tree Multicast Routing Algorithms for LEO Satellite IP Networks

A new core-based shared tree algorithm, viz core-cluster combination-based shared tree （CCST） algorithm and the weighted version （i.e. w-CCST algorithm） are proposed in order to resolve the channel resources waste problem in typical source-based multicast routing algorithms in low earth orbit （LEO） satellite IP networks. The CCST algorithm includes the dynamic approximate center （DAC） core selection method and the core-cluster combination multicast route construction scheme. Without complicated onboard computation, the DAC method is uniquely developed for highly dynamic networks of periodical and regular movement. The core-cluster combination method takes core node as the initial core-cluster, and expands it stepwise to construct an entire multicast tree at the lowest tree cost by a shortest path scheme between the newly-generated core-cluster and surplus group members, which results in great bandwidth utilization. Moreover, the w-CCST algorithm is able to strike a balance between performance of tree cost and that of end-to-end propagation delay by adjusting the weighted factor to meet strict end-to-end delay requirements of some real-time multicast services at the expense of a slight increase in tree cost. Finally, performance comparison is conducted between the proposed algorithms and typical algorithms in LEO satellite IP networks. Simulation results show that the CCST algorithm significantly decreases the average tree cost against to the others, and also the average end-to-end propagation delay ofw-CCST algorithm is lower than that of the CCST algorithm.     

基于蚁群优化的能量均衡自适应路由算法

基于蚁群优化的WSNs路由算法具有蚁群优化自组织性、正反馈性和并行性的特点,在构造无线传感器网络中的最优路由时有很好的性能。但是蚁群优化构造最优解时带来的网络开销十分可观,不适合在路由维护阶段反复使用蚁群优化重构路由。考虑到蚁群优化的上述特点,同时针对无线传感器网络能量受限的特点,提出了一种基于蚁群优化的能量均衡白适应路由算法。该算法使用了新的信息素更新算子,算子中包含了网络能量水平因子,能够均衡网络能量消耗。在路由维护阶段,该算法使用了新的基于侦测蚂蚁的自适应路由维护机制,很好地降低了网络开销。     

飞机维修路径研究热点与前沿——基于CiteSpace的可视化分析

近年来,随着民航运输业的飞速发展,飞机维修路径规划研究越来越受到重视。为了探究飞机维修路径规划问题的研究现状、研究热点以及前沿趋势,以中国知网（CNKI）和Web of Science 核心数据库2000 年1 月—2022 年12 月收录的国内外飞机维修路径规划研究的相关文献作为分析数据,将CiteSpace V 软件作为辅助研究工具,分析飞机维修路径规划研究领域的研究学者和研究机构以及合作关系,结合知识图谱与文献内容总结该领域的研究热点与研究前沿。考虑国内的飞机维修路径规划研究情况,针对我国在该领域的研究趋势以及重点研究内容提出研究建议,为今后飞机维修路径规划研究提供参考。     

星基ADS与雷达误差校准算法的研究

基于星基自动相关监视(ADS)系统和雷达各自的特点,分析了空中交通管制中ADS与雷达数据融合的模型,提出了在传统的地心地固(ECEF)坐标系中星基ADS和雷达系统误差校准的算法。同时,针对ADS数据的特性,又进一步提出了在Geodetic坐标系和以雷达站为极点的极坐标系(以下简称雷达站极坐标系)中的系统误差校准算法。最后,对校准效果进行了仿真分析和比较,并介绍了一种有效应用上述算法的方法。     

WDM光网络中动态波长分配算法综述

WDM是光网络中的重要技术之一,而路由与波长分配问题是其在应用中的关键问题。本文以WDM光网络的相关研究为背景,综述了该领域已有的波长分配算法,对该领域的研究成果进行了总结,同时为下一步研究提出了新的思路。