空间站工程海上应急救援保障新模式研究

载人空间站工程阶段,载人飞船发射任务呈现出高频度、常态化的特点,对上升段海上应急救援提出了新的要求。通过对国内外载人飞船海上应急搜救的现状分析,设计并提出了我国空间站工程海上应急救援保障新模式：在组织实施上,将交通运输部救捞系统纳入载人航天任务指挥系统,实现快速的应急响应和平战转换;在装备保障上,返回舱打捞、搜索定位、医疗救护系统、通信系统与船舶平台一体化设计,核心装备随船使用,尽量做到不拆不卸。最后,对现有模式和新模式进行了综合效益比较。     

X-38 integrated aero- and aerothermodynamic activities

The characterisation of the aeroshape selected for the X-38 [Crew Return Vehicle (CRV) demonstrator] is presently being performed as a co-operative endeavour between NASA, DLR (through its TETRA Program), and the European Space Agency (ESA) with Dassault Aviation integrating the aerodynamic and aerothermodynamic activities. The methodologies selected for characterizing the aerodynamic and aerothermodynamic environment of the X-38 are presented.     

Disaster monitoring and mitigation using aerospace technologies and integrated telecommunication networks

How space technologies and new integrated telecommunication networks can mitigate the impact of natural and man-made disasters. The objective is to design new, potentially attractive telecommunication architectures to better manage a disaster scenario. The strengths and the weaknesses of the proposed space-based telecommunication architectures for the emergency and recovery will be outlined also, to individuate the needs for an optimal provision of information and accessibility of space-related services in case of disaster.     

Mid-Continent LORAN-C Expansion

The Coast Guard is extending the Continental United States (CONUS) LORAN-C coverage as part of the Federal Aviation Administration project to incorporate LORAN-C into the National Airspace System. The increased coverage will expand the number of airports approved for LORAN-C non-precision instrument approaches and enable direct Instrumental Flight Rules (IFR) routing by suitably equipped aircraft in and through the mid-continent region of the United States. The project will involve construction of a new LORAN-C chain which will be linked to the existing CONUS chains. In addition to the aviation benefits, the Mid-Continent LORAN-C Expansion will broaden the availability of LORAN-C positioning to a growing number of terrestrial users such as resource management, emergency response and fleet management.     

民用飞机应急撤离滑梯设计技术分析

民用飞机应急撤离滑梯是在飞机出现意外情况而需紧急着陆的情况下,确保乘员安全快速撤离飞机的重要系统.滑梯系统直接关系到人员的生命安全,是民用飞机不可缺少的关键系统.国内研制的飞机只有某支线飞机装有滑梯系统,对于大型客机,由于飞机比较高,登机门、翼上应急门离地面高度较高,而且乘客人数也较多,其应急撤离滑梯系统的设计是个新课...     

民用飞机应急出口标志双供电设计

民用飞机上的应急出口标志,主要用于在飞机应急着陆后为机上乘客和机组人员的应急撤离提供指示,使其能看清飞机应急出口的位置。目前民用飞机应急出口标志主要采用单供电方式,该供电方式对应急照明电源的布置有较大的限制,并且会增加应急照明电源的维护成本。提出了一种全新的应急出口标志双供电设计方法,并详细介绍了其设计原理。该双供电设计方法可降低对应急照明电源布置的限制,并降低应急照明电源的维护成本,适用于现代民用飞机应急照明系统的设计,并为民用飞机应急出口标志的设计提供了重要的指导意义。     

Nonlinear dynamic modeling and simulation of an atmospheric re-entry spacecraft

This paper discusses the dynamic modeling and simulation techniques for the X-38 re-entry spacecraft, a prototype crew return vehicle (CRV) for the international space station (ISS). A general simulator for atmospheric re-entry dynamics (GESARED) was developed in the Matlab/Simulink environment. The 6 degree-of-freedom re-entry flight dynamics were modeled to achieve minimum restrictions and singularities. Quaternion representation of vehicle attitude was used to avoid computational singularities in angular kinematic model equations. The Earth's atmosphere, Earth's shape and gravitational potential were modeled appropriately. The vehicle's aerodynamic characteristics, navigation sensors, and the actuator dynamics were also modeled and implemented. Several numerical simulation tests and analyses were conducted to evaluate the performance of the model equations and the simulator.     

Vehicular remote tolling services using EGNOS

Future Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) will significantly improve the performance of current navigation systems, providing new and enhanced capabilities. This will enable the implementation of innovative and advanced services and applications closer to the user's needs. In this framework, the road sector is one of the major potential markets for GNSS applications and, therefore, it is very promising for future EGNOS and GALILEO related applications. Satellite navigation receivers are now commonly installed in cars as a key tool for proving new services to people on the move such as electronic charging, real-time traffic information, emergency calls, route guidance, fleet management, or advance driving assistance systems. Specifically, a very important commercial opportunity is represented by the tolling-related applications. This paper describes the Vehicular Remote Tolling (VeRT) Project sponsored by Galileo Joint Undertaking (GJU) and performed in the frame of the first GJU Call under the EC VI Framework Programme. The overall design of the service provision architecture is also presented in this paper, together with the main topics related to the following activities focused on the service prototype demonstrator development.     

民用飞机应急照明触发电路设计

应急照明系统用于为机上人员的应急撤离提供照明,当飞机电源失效后自动开启。因此,应急照明的触发时机及方式将直接影响机上人员应急撤离的效率。目前,民用飞机一般都用应急照明电源充电线路的掉电来触发应急照明,该触发方式限制了应急照明的开启时间,对适航取证存在风险。提出了一种全新的应急照明触发电路设计方法,并详细介绍了其设计原理和控制逻辑。该应急照明触发电路设计可显著降低适航取证的风险和飞机的研发成本,为民用飞机应急照明系统的设计提供重要的指导意义。     

VR在航空器应急撤离的应用展望及适航审定研究

适航规章对民用航空器提出了应具备应急撤离的能力,明确了应急撤离演示试验的要求。针对民用航空器应急撤离的验证,当前普遍采用地面演示试验的符合性方法,传统的地面演示试验存在着试验开展安全保障难度大、成本高、对设备场地依赖强等局限性。而随着VR技术的出现与成熟,为航空器应急撤离验证提供了一种全新的方法。根据航空器应急撤离对应的适航条款,梳理了应急撤离演示试验的要求,分析了VR技术应用于航空器应急撤离验证的可行性和优点,研究了民用航空器应急撤离演示试验、航空器数字建模以及VR的技术特点等方面,提出了VR应用于航空器应急撤离验证时适航审定的主要审查内容、重点关注要素和技术审查要点,为建立VR应用于航空器应急撤离的适航审定方法提供参考。     

一种涡轴发动机系统应急状态快速响应控制方法

针对直升机应急状态下特殊快速响应需求,基于涡轮放气原理,提出了一种新的应急状态快速响应控制方法.在应急状态下,除了燃油控制外,同时将涡轮放气量作为发动机控制变量,采用多变量鲁棒方法设计了应急状态直升机/涡轴发动机三变量快速响应控制器,该综合控制方法不仅实现了直升机垂飞通道的控制,而且在保持输出功率通道稳定,即自由涡轮转速恒定的前提下,借助于涡轮放气实现了燃气涡轮转速的闭环控制,有效实现了发动机功率快速跟随能力.最后,以直升机UH-60/涡轴发动机T700综合模型为对象,仿真验证了在直升机应急状态急升-急降过程中,直升机垂飞速度、发动机自由涡轮转速以及燃气涡轮转速跟踪指令的情况,结果表明:相比传统的PID(proportional integration differential)控制,基于快速响应控制方法建立的闭环系统响应迅速,动静态品质良好,能够达到直升机应急状态的特殊设计要求.      

航空发动机应急放油功能失效故障分析

针对某型发动机在地面试车时发生的应急放油失效故障,通过分析故障现象、详细阐述应急放油系统工作原理及剖析故障机理,制定了排故流程。结合排故流程,列举应急放油附件电磁阀、电气系统、加力燃油泵故障3种故障原因,通过对3种故障原因逐条分析和排查,确定为加力燃油泵故障导致应急放油失效。更换加力燃油泵后进行试车验证,结果表明:发动机工作参数正常,应急放油功能正常,故障排除。总结得出类似加力燃油泵故障的快速判断方法,为后续故障的排除提供了新思路。     

基于案例推理的机场应急预案管理

为提高机场应急处置能力,提出一种新的基于案例推理方法的机场应急救援模型。利用XML技术来表示案例和构造预案库,给出机场应急预案库的分类方法,构建预案特征属性的层次结构。采用两两比较打分法确定航空器紧急事件预案特征属性的权重．运用最邻近算法对已有救援案例进行检索与匹配。实例证明该方法能有效提高机场应急救援效率,检索结果客观合理。     

Navigating towards the future: transitioning from terrestrial radio navigation to satellite navigation and airborne surveillance

This paper presents a proposal for transitioning from terrestrial-based navigation aids to implementing satellite and airborne surveillance as the primary navigation means. The transition occurs through several steps. First, the installation and use of modern navigation and surveillance equipment is mandated by the regulatory organizations. The installations should take place in a sequenced fashion to allow time for companies to absorb the initial cost. Next, the existing network of terrestrial navigation aids is down-sized leaving only the areas of heaviest use in service. At this point, the global positioning system (GPS) will be deemed the primary method of terrestrial and oceanic travel. Finally, terrestrial navigation stations will be available around airports and the remaining stations will be put in a standby condition for use in the event of a national emergency. This paper will discuss the security benefits and examples of cost savings through implementation of these steps.     

飞机结构强度试验应急载荷限定系统

多轮多支柱起落架飞机主起落架数量较多，试验机及试验设备重量大。试验应急卸载时，试验件和设备重量、以及加载过程中试验件变形所聚集能量快速释放的不协调性易对支持点结构产生较大冲击载荷，且该载荷不可控，影响试验的考核，存在安全隐患。针对多轮多支柱起落架飞机的强度试验要求，设计一种载荷限定系统。在应急卸载或者试验停试情况下，能够为非支持点起落架输出设定载荷，保证应急瞬间所产生的所有载荷按要求分配到所有起落架上，从而防止支持点起落架超载；试验过程中，能够对非支持点起落架施加试验主动载荷。利用仿真软件验证了系统原理的可行性。依据原理设计载荷限定系统，对其结构和工作性能进行应用验证，并在某型飞机全机疲劳试验中进行应用调试，结果表明，该系统完全能够满足试验要求。     

民用运输机场应急救援GIS系统设计与实现

航空器失事等民用运输机场突发事件具有成灾偶发、损失巨大、社会影响强烈的突出特点,高效的应急救援是减少损失、降低社会影响度的重要保障。以GIS桌面软件为平台,建立机场及其邻近区域的机场场道、集结点、道路、消防、医院等地理空间数据库,实现了救援资源的信息化管理和应急救援方案的科学决策,提高了民用机场应急救援水平。     

一种新型航班延误组合预测模型

为了克服单一的航班延误预测模型在预报时的缺陷,在分析航班延误的特点的情况下,提出了一种基于危险模式和灰色预测组合的新型航班延误预测的方法。对这两种预测方法的结果采用加权组合预测的方式来预测航班延误的趋势变化,预测结果是单一预测模型的加权和,加权系数动态确定。最后通过国内的某枢纽机场的航班延误情况进行了验证。实验表明该模型可以不受某一较差的预测模型影响,从而有较好的预测效果。     

无人机地面控制站 应急电源逆变控制系统设计

为了给地面控制站提供安全可靠的应急电源,文章主要根据由DSP数字技术+脉宽调制SPWM驱动+IGBT+隔离滤波为一体化设计发展起来的一个新型UPS电源系统,并对逆变控制系统进行了硬件和软件设计。通过对控制系统的仿真验证,得出所需的稳定的三相交流电,说明该电源逆变控制系统可以为无人机地面控制站提供安全可靠的应急电源。     

飞机应急照明电源原理及校验方法

通过对BPS7－3飞机应急照明电源的原理分析,提出了内场校验方法,为该设备的维护和修理以及应急照明电源的设计提供参考。     

一种用于应急搜救的网络化弹跳机器人

介绍了一种应用于应急搜救的网络化弹跳机器人设计方法。这种机器人采用滚动和跳跃相结合的混合运动模式,可以代替救援人员先行进入到复杂的灾害事故现场搜寻幸存者。机器人之间能够组成ZigBee移动传感器网络,将事故现场的环境状况和幸存者位置等信息通过无线多跳网络及时传回给救援人员,为抢救幸存者赢得时间。实验结果表明, 9cm高的样机以60度角起跳可以腾空30cm以上,水平位移达到70cm,具有较好的越障能力。