La prévention des instabilités pogo sur ariane 1

This article presents the organization of POGO studies on the Ariane 1 launcher, the input data for the systems, the studies concerning the first stage L140, the second stage L33 and the constructive conclusions drawn from these studies.     

相知七十载 深情忆故人

前言钱学森同志是我所崇敬的学长和挚友,我们在学生时代有共同的学习目标和共同的在音乐和摄影艺术方面的爱好,这就加深了我们之间的友谊。此文是献给我们在学习时代,以及于十六年后在他克服了重重困难回到祖国,并做出了重大贡献时代之间的友谊,以为纪念。     

Strategies and determinants for successful space technology transfer

The following paper reports the results of a research work carried from 2008 on the topic of strategies and determinants of space technology Transfer (TT). In particular, the aim of this study is to present: 1. The policies and strategies the major space agencies adopt for TT, 2. The operational mechanisms and determinants involved in the transfer of space technologies to other industrial sectors. To this extent we have conducted in the last five years: six case studies of large space agencies, four TT case studies concerning the construction of scientific satellites, two case studies focused on space to earth TT programs undertaken by the Japanese aerospace agency, and two TT case studies examining Italian space companies.The comparative and comprehensive analyses of these studies indicate that the space agencies of the more industrialized countries aim primarily at consolidating and developing the industrial systems in their own countries, which include the use of technology transfer programs, and that the transfer of space technologies follows the route “Earth–Space–Earth”. With regard to the determinants of the TT process, the most important of these correlate with the type of technology in transfer, whereas organizational, economic and financial determinants have less significance.     

含硼推进剂燃烧性能的改善

综述了改善含硼推进剂燃烧性能的研究状况，包括硼粒子表面包覆，火箭冲压发动机设计的改进，添加新的组分，调整配方以及改进推进剂制造工艺等，这些措施都可以提高含硼推进剂的燃烧性能。     

可控翼伞回收系统运动特性仿真研究进展

扼要地介绍了近年来我国航天科技工作者在翼伞回收系统运动仿真研究方面所做的工作。内容涉及翼伞系统的建模、滑翔转弯与雀降性能仿真研究以及相应的稳定性分析。研究结果对翼伞回收系统的设计和试验有参考价值。     

Assessing the impact of space on society

There have been surprisingly few studies of the societal impact of space exploration, yet the impact has been considerable, and wide ranging. After briefly reviewing what has been published, the author reports on activities by NASA to improve our understanding of this issue. In accordance with the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, the NASA History Division has initiated a series of special studies and conferences on the societal impact of spaceflight. The first conference, held 19–21 September 2006 in Washington, DC and co-sponsored by the National Air and Space Museum, included some 35 speakers who addressed six main categories, spanning international, commercial, cultural, environmental and national security impacts. For both the conferences and the special studies, the goal is to examine the multifaceted impacts of spaceflight with rigorous historical research.     

国外空间天气保障能力建设及对我国的启示

文章对空间天气保障能力的科学内涵进行了分析,总结了国外相关发展现状,建议我国应从战略上高度重视空间天气保障能力发展,并从加大宣传力度、建设监测体系、提高预报水平、研究应对策略、注重人才队伍等方面进行了对策思考。     

关于内部资本市场效率问题的相关研究综述

本文对内部资本市场效率问题的相关研究进行了归纳总结,系统性的介绍了国外国内关于内部资本市场效率问题的主要研究成果。     

地外星体土壤取样机构技术

取样技术是地外星体土壤取样任务的核心技术之一。在调研各国地外星体土壤取样任务的基础上,对人工取样和无人的钻取取样、铲挖取样、夹取取样、研磨取样、复合取样等方面的国外地外星体土壤取样技术进行了分析比较,得出以下结论：多数无人自主土壤取样机构都可以看作由决定作业方式的末端执行器和位置机构两部分组成,钻取、铲挖、研磨是有效的...     

Setting priorities in US space science

Two new long-range US space science strategy studies are notable not only for what the new reports say and do for their respective discipline areas but also for what they demonstrate in terms of shared conclusions and in terms of the feasibility of forging consensus on community priorities. Both studies engaged a broad segment of the research community to survey their respective fields, recommend top priority scientific goals and directions for the next decade, provide recommendations for programmatic directions and explicit priorities for government investment in research facilities, and address issues of advanced technology, infrastructure, interagency coordination, education, and international cooperation. The two studies demonstrate that cross-program priorities can be established when a community sees the effort as being beneficial to the long-term health of the field.     

Energy measurements of electrons and protons in cosmic ray physics using satellite and balloon calorimeters in recent two decades

Calorimeters are used in cosmic ray studies for a variety of purposes, such as measurements of particle energy, separation of electrons and hadrons, formation of triggers (signals for activation of instruments), and so on. In this review we consider the methods of energy reconstruct of protons and electrons (for particles with energies exceeding 10 GeV) in calorimeters of various types that are used in astrophysical experiments of cosmic ray studies carried out with balloons and satellites.     

飞行控制软件可靠性设计探讨

控制系统飞行软件 (飞行控制软件 )是关系到弹箭飞行成败的关键部分 ,本文从一些实例出发对如何提高飞行控制软件设计的可靠性做了探讨。     

How the design of a sleeping bag can support counter-measuring fatigue

The paper discusses six case studies of sleeping bag design, one used by astronauts onboard the Space Shuttle and another currently being used on the ISS, which was developed by a Russian company. Two inflatable designs, one by Wubbo Ockels for ESA and one by the University of Technology in Munich in cooperation with NASA are chosen as case studies as well. Two recent designs set a new paradigm and option of sleeping in zero-g. The cut of the sleeping bag of these two design case studies allows the person to relax and sleep in the neutral body position. They were developed by Toshiroh Ikegami from Kyoto City University of Arts and astronaut Chiaki Mukai for JAXA, and by the Vienna based team LIQUIFER Systems Group in cooperation with ESA-astronaut Gerhard Thiele.Currently there is an increased interest in astronauts' and cosmonauts' sleep quality and related comfort because analysis of their sleep quality showed that sleep during long exposure to microgravity does not always ensure good recovery of cognitive and functional capabilities. Present research in the area of sleep and performance preservation include studies by the Institute of Biomedical Problems (IBMP) in Moscow and the NASA-JSC study from the Behavioral Health and Performance Element Human Research Program about improving sleep quality on ISS.In the context of the paper the operational medical challenges of sleep quality will be described in order to establish the relevance of effective sleeping bag designs to support spaceflight crewmembers' well-being.     

Summary of experiments onboard Soviet biosatellites.

Physiological, morphological and biochemical studies of mammals flown onboard biosatellites of the series Cosmos revealed changes in their cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, endocrine and vestibular systems. Space flight resulted in moderate stress reactions, intralabyrinthine conflict information during movements and changes in fluid-electrolyte metabolism. Exposure to artificial gravity (1 g) decreased the level of myocardial, musculoskeletal and excretory changes, but disturbed the function of equilibrium. Studies with combined weightlessness and ionizing radiation demonstrated that weightlessness did not produce a significant modifying effect on radiation damage and postradiation recovery. Consistent changes in certain systems of animals and humans in weightlessness confirm the practical importance of biosatellite studies, which also contribute to the solution of general biology, problems associated with gravity effects on life processes.     

行星际空间环境对探测器可靠性影响分析

空间环境是影响航天器可靠性的重要因素。与地球轨道航天器相比,行星际探测任务可能会遭受更加恶劣的空间环境,例如极端温度环境,辐射环境,腐蚀性大气环境、宇宙尘等,再加上行星际任务寿命长,采用先进的器件和材料,空间环境对行星际探测器的可靠性构成严重的威胁,直接关系到探测目标能否实现。因此考虑空间环境对行星际探测器的影响,开展相关的预先研究无论是对于制定行星际空间探测计划,还是搭载仪器的设计都具有非常重要的意义。文章分析了极端温度、辐射环境和行星表面综合环境对探测器的影响,并对开展相关研究提出了建议。     

圆轨道星座全球覆盖的充分必要条件

对采用圆轨道的星座，目前的研究基本上局限于实际应用方面，很少进行理论方面的研究，本文首次提出并证明了达到全球连续多重覆盖的充要条件。这对进行星座设计具有积极的指导意义。     

平流层飞艇的环境控制

文章叙述了平流层飞艇要经历的对流层和平流层的环境特点,对平流层飞艇的环境控制进行了分析,并提出了环境控制的几个注意问题。     

低温推进剂空间管理技术研究进展与展望

本文介绍了低温推进剂的性能优势与空间管理挑战,梳理了低温流体空间管理(CFM)技术特征及其研究现状,建议按照重力依赖型与重力无关型分类开展技术成熟度提升研究。调研了美国逾半个世纪的CFM技术搭载实验研究历程,分析了各类平台的工作特性与性能优势。基于我国航天发展现状与未来需求,探析了我国开展CFM技术攻关、飞行搭载实验的可行方案。建议在我国载人空间站规划舱内低温技术实验柜与舱外暴露平台实验模块,加速我国CFM技术向工程应用的转化。     

月球探测工程中的月球环境问题

文章介绍了月球环境和国外两个典型月球探测器的环境试验。在月球环境对探测器的影响分析基础上,根据我国月球探测工程的需求,提出了有关环境问题研究的一些考虑。     

Polarization Studies of Contribution of Aerosol Scattering to the Glow of Twilight Sky

The paper is devoted to studies and a quantitative estimation of the influence of scattering of direct solar radiation by particles of tropospheric aerosols in the period of light twilight, close to sunrise and sunset. Polarization measurements of the twilight sky in two broad spectral bands lying near the standard bands V and R form the basis of these studies. The measurements were carried out in 2002 and 2003 at the Southern Laboratory (Crimea) of the Sternberg Astronomical Institute. The twilight period during which the single aerosol scattering becomes significant is isolated. The character of its influence on the intensity and polarization of the twilight sky is demonstrated. A method is suggested to evaluate polarization of the single aerosol scattering and its contribution to the general brightness of the twilight sky background. The method is based on differential characteristics of the background near the zenith and on their correlations with each other.