VSAR: a high resolution radar system for ocean imaging

The velocity synthetic aperture radar (VSAR) is a conceptual synthetic aperture radar (SAR)-based sensor system for high resolution ocean imaging. The VSAR utilizes data collected by a multielement SAR system, to extract information not only about the radar reflectivity of the observed area, but also about the radial velocity of the scatterers in each pixel. This is accomplished by making use of the phase information contained in multiple SAR images, and not just the magnitude information as in conventional SAR. Using this velocity information, the VSAR attempts to compensate for the velocity distortion inherent in conventional SAR and to reconstruct the ocean reflectivity. We present the basic theory of the VSAR system and its performance. We also provide an analysis of the VSAR imaging mechanism for a statistical model of the radar returns, designed to capture the effects of speckle and of resolution degradation due to the decorrelation of the radar returns     

A Data Compression Technique for Synthetic Aperture Radar Images

A data compression technique is developed for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. The technique is based on an SAR image model and is designed to preserve the local statistics in the image by an adaptive variable rate modification of block truncation coding (BTC). A data rate of approximately 1.6 bit/pixel is achieved with the technique while maintaining the image quality and cultural (pointlike) targets. The algorithm requires no large data storage and is computationally simple.     

基于PCI总线的电子舱信号群高速采集系统

设计并实现了一种基于PCI总线的高速数据采集系统,主要包括模拟输入、信号调理、模数转换、数据传输存储以及计算机接口等部分.此系统可用于对某型号电子舱信号群进行实时高速采集,其性能和指标均满足要求.     

弹载合成孔径雷达自适应重频分析与设计

弹载合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)的目标距离、视线角由于高速逼近目标而快速变化,这导致传统的固定脉冲重复频率(Pulse Repetition Frequency,PRF)(简称重频)波形难以兼顾弹载SAR雷达在成像各方面的约束条件,故需要根据当前弹体运动和弹目关系变化情况实时计算重频。详细分析了影响重频选择的各项因素,包括避免距离模糊、方位模糊、高度杂波、发射遮挡影响及SAR成像分辨率、系统相参性要求等影响因素,并设计了自适应重频计算的工作流程。某SAR雷达系统实验表明,该设计能够在实际飞行弹道条件下根据实际弹目关系自适应调整脉冲重复频率,从而更好地实现SAR雷达系统的工作性能,有效解决了固定重频波形不能适应弹载SAR工作条件的难题。     

固液动力探空火箭箭载数据采集系统设计

针对固液动力探空火箭在进行测试、飞行试验时,需要实时测量并记录推力、燃料供给速率以及吹除系统工况信息的问题,设计并工程实现了对箭载重要设备输出信号进行监控和采集记录的数据采集系统.以STM32F103RB微控制器为核心,完成了数据采集、存储、传输等电路的设计,并在Real View MDK集成开发环境下,运用C语言完成了控制、测试程序的编写.最后,通过Real View ULINKR仿真器实现了软硬件的联合测试,验证了系统的供电控制、采样频率、工况记录等功能都满足设计要求,完成了对箭载重要设备监控和采集记录的任务.只需修改微控制器内的操控程序,就可将此数据采集系统应用于不同型号的固液动力探空火箭.      

小型无人机大气数据采集系统的设计与实现

大气数据采集是小型无人机自动飞行控制系统的关键技术之一。根据小型无人机的飞行任务需求,设计了基于大气数据采集的高度、空速检测系统。该系统以TMS320F2812为核心,采用高精度A/D转换器(12位)提高测量精度,对于提高无人机大气数据检测的动态性能具有较高的应用价值。     

New SAR Processor Based on Matched Subspace Detectors

This paper deals with a new synthetic aperture radar (SAR) Processor based on a subspace detector designed for man-made target (MMT) detection. As MMTs are more accurately decribed by a set of canonical elements than with isotropic points, we develop a new algorithm which aims at using new models, instead of the isotropic point model commonly used in SAR processors. A subspace detector matched to canonical elements is included in the SAR processing. The implementation and the optimization of subspace detector SAR (SDSAR) algorithm is described. Simple examples of MMT detection in simulations and real data with a target hidden in a forest show the power of our approach. The SDSAR algorithm is shown to be the first robust and tractable algorithm relying on realistic scattering assumptions about the target.     

军用飞机DSI数据采集系统的设计

由于军用飞机航空电子动态仿真与综合(DSI)系统所使用的固定采集周期的数据采集方法限定了采集速度,同时还影响到数据实时采集性能,针对该问题本文提出军用飞机DSI数据采集系统的设计方案.该方案的硬件结构基于MAX1308型AD转换器、DIO-144型采集卡,并设计了接口关系.系统的软件采用事件确认收发应答机制,并能确保在...     

光电经纬仪红外成像跟踪处理器的研究与实现

以高性能数字信号处理器TMS320C6203为核心,结合CPLD（可编程逻辑器件）进行逻辑控制,用FPGA（现场可编程门阵列）进行预处理,设计了实时目标检测和跟踪系统。介绍了实时图像处理系统的硬件组成、工作原理、软件流程,重点分析目标检测算法和系统实时性。该系统被成功用于光电经纬仪红外图像处理系统中,经试验证明,系统对弱小目标的检测、识别和跟踪能力达到实际工程的实时性需求,大大提高了数据采集能力与处理速度,采样精度得到很大提高,完全满足系统设计要求。     

便携式火箭发动机地面试验测量与控制系统

根据火箭发动机地面试验对测量与控制的要求,设计了一套用于火箭发动机地面试验数据采集与控制的便携式测控系统.测控系统硬件基于NI(National Instruments)公司的USB(universal serial BUS)数据采集与控制设备开发,集测量与控制功能于一体,便携性好,通用性强;软件基于模块化设计思想,采用LabVIEW编程环境开发,人机交互界面友好,通用性强,可扩展性好.该测控系统平台已成功应用于多次发动机地面试验,能满足多种类型的火箭发动机试验对测控的需求.      

SAR图像匹配制导精度影响因素分析

合成孔径雷达（SAR）具有高分辨率、全天候等优点,是提高精确制导武器制导精度的有力工具。制导精度是精确制导武器的重要性能指标,影响SAR制导系统精度的主要因素有实时图的获取误差及预处理误差、图像匹配误差、惯导测量误差、SAR制导特殊弹道引起的导航制导的误差。概述了SAR图像匹配制导系统精度的相关研究,对比和分析了这些研究和结论,指出了该研究存在的问题和发展方向。     

Synthetic aperture radar imaging systems

This paper presents profiles of 12 airborne and spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging systems. This information is intended to help potential users evaluate the systems for specific applications. The systems profiled in this article can be used for commercial purposes; some have been built specifically for commercial use while others also serve as science and research tools, Both domestic and foreign systems designed for government agencies and private industry are profiled. Nine of these systems are currently operational; two systems are scheduled to begin service in the near future. A third system is no longer active, but archive data are commercially available     

Role of processing geometry in SAR raw data focusing

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems require that a focusing operation be performed on the received backscattered echoes (raw data) to generate high-resolution microwave images. Either due to platform attitude instabilities, or to Earth rotation effects, the SAR raw data may be acquired in "squinted" geometries, i.e., with the radar beam directed with an offset angle (squint angle) from the broadside direction. This research investigates the impact of the focusing operation carried out on squinted raw data acquisitions performed by SAR sensors operating in the stripmap mode. To this end the 2D frequency SAR processing approach is generalized with respect to conical, i.e., nonorthogonal, reference systems. This allows analysis of the geometric, spectral, and phase aberrations introduced in the images by the chosen processing geometry with respect to the acquisition, and identification of the focusing procedure that minimizes these aberrations. The whole theory is validated by experimental results carried out on simulated data. Moreover, the extension of this analysis to the interferometric case where these aberrations may have a significant role is also investigated     

UAVSAR: New NASA Airborne SAR System for Research

NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory is currently building a reconfigurable, polarimetric L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR), specifically designed to acquire airborne repeat track SAR data for differential interferometric measurements. Differential interferometry can provide key deformation measurements, important for studies of earthquakes, volcanoes, and other dynamically changing phenomena. Using precision real-time GPS and a sensor controlled flight management system, the system will be able to fly pre-defined paths with great precision. The expected performance of the flight control system will constrain the flight path to be within a 10 m diameter tube about the desired flight track. The radar will be designed to be operable on a Unpiloted Arial Vehicle (UAV) but will initially be demonstrated on a NASA Gulfstream III. The radar will be fully polarimetric, with a range bandwidth of 80 MHz (2 m range resolution), and will support a 16 km range swath. The antenna will be electronically steered along track to assure that the antenna beam can be directed independently, regardless of the wind direction and speed. Other features supported by the antenna include elevation monopulse and pulse-to-pulse re-steering capabilities that will enable some novel modes of operation. The system will nominally operate at 45,000 feet (13,800 m). The program began as an Instrument Incubator Project (IIP) funded by NASA Earth Science and Technology Office (ESTO).     

The White Sands Range and Range-Rate System

This paper discusses the concept, design, and design verification of the White Sands Range and Range-Rate System. Development of the system has been completed only through the design phase. The system is designed to meet requirements for high-accuracy midcourse tracking under severe target dynamics at the White Sands Missile Range. It is a multistatic Doppler and range tracker which operates at X band and incorporates transmitter, transponder, receiver, and baseline subsystems. The transmitter includes specially designed digital circuitry to synthesize test signals for target simulation during checkout of the system. The transponder signal is processed by a receiver which has been established theoretically to be the optimum realizable processor of continuous tracking data. The receiver incorporates specially designed carrier acquisition circuitry and digital VCO, and directly provides digital Doppler and tone phase data to facilitate real-time processing. The system utilizes data from other tracking systems at the Range for spatial acquisition, for aiding carrier acquisition in the receiver, and for resolving range ambiguities.     

GPS P码并行矩阵式直接捕获方法

弱信号环境下,GPS信号中P码具有很强的抗模仿和抗欺骗能力。为了解决P码直接捕获技术中P码序列特性与无周期性,提出一种快速实现P码捕获的矩阵式直接捕获方法。在对直接平均法进行原理分析的基础上,研究了矩阵式频域直接捕获方法的模型,并对提出的P码捕获算法进行硬件系统设计和实现,在弱信号环境下对矩阵处理器进行实际测试。结果表明,与传统方法相比,算法能提高硬件效率,缩短捕获时间,提高数据处理效率。     

An extended chirp scaling algorithm for spaceborne sliding spotlight synthetic aperture radar imaging

A system impulse response with low sidelobes is critical in synthetic aperture radar（SAR） images because sidelobes contribute to noise and interfere with nearby scatterers. However,the conventional tricks of sidelobe suppression are unable to be exactly applied to the case of spaceborne sliding spotlight SAR due to great azimuth shifts in both time and frequency domains. In this paper, an extended chirp scaling algorithm is presented for spaceborne sliding spotlight SAR data imaging. The proposed algorithm firstly uses the spectral analysis（SPECAN） technique to avoid the azimuth spectrum folding effect and then employs the chirp scaling（CS） algorithm to achieve data focusing, i.e., the so-called two-step approach. To suppress the sidelobe level, an efficient strategy for the azimuth spectral weighting which only involves matrix multiplications and short fast Fourier transformations（FFTs） is proposed, which is a post-process executed on the focused SAR image and particularly simple to be implemented. The SAR image processed by the proposed extended CS algorithm is very precise and perfectly phase-preserving. In the end, computer simulation results verify the analysis and confirm the validity of the proposed algorithm.     

实时操作系统QNX在火箭橇试验中的应用

为满足惯性测量装置火箭橇试验的测试要求,基于QNX实时操作系统设计了数据采集记录系统。本文简单介绍了QNX操作系统的特点,详细介绍了QNX系统下数据采集应用软件的结构。     

一种便携式机载数据采集设备遥测检测仪设计与实现

飞机外场试验和飞行训练的需求使得采集系统成为飞机的重要设备。为检测外场环境下某型飞机上 的采集系统的工作状态,本文以便携式计算机为硬件基础,以Qt 为软件平台,针对某型采集系统设计了地面 遥测检测专用设备,实现了多类数据的实时解析。检测结果表明,该设备具有数据处理能力强、安全可靠性好、 易维护等优点,能够为某型飞机上的某型采集系统检测提供工程保障。     

The ERIM interferometric SAR: IFSARE

The Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM) and Horizons, Inc. have completed the development, calibration and evaluation of the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)/US Army Topographic Engineering Center (TEC) funded IFSARE (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar for Digital Terrain Elevations) system. This system rapidly produces geocoded SAR imagery and digital terrain elevation data. The dual-channel, X-band SAR is installed in the ERIM Learjet 36. The ground processor was developed in collaboration with the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The system produces 1.5 to 3.0 meters (1 sigma) absolute accuracy three-dimensional terrain elevation data over large areas without the use of ground control points. Several examples from recent data collections are presented