一种嵌入式软件覆盖和分析测试方法

如何进行嵌入式软件的覆盖测试和性能测试,是嵌入式软件测试工程师较为关心的热点问题之一。介绍了一种基于PowerPc755目标板的嵌入式软件覆盖和分析测试方法。方法借助于嵌入式软件测试工具TestBed和实时硬件数据采集工具RTInsight,搭建了嵌入式软件动态测试平台,并在该嵌入式软件动态测试平台上进行了覆盖测试和性能测试,同时给出了相关的覆盖率测试和时间性能测试的测试结果。     

基于资源共享的分布式机载软件测试系统设计

随着装备软件系统的发展,越来越多的硬件功能软件化,装备软件的发展朝着高综合、高集成、一体化的趋势发展。目前航空航天装备软件中,嵌入式软件占据主导地位,相较通用计算机软件,嵌入式软件的测试具有面向特定应用,有实时操作系统支持,运行芯片和平台较为固定,并且需要特定的数字总线资源进行数据注入等特点。尤其对于复杂的,高度综合化模块架构的嵌入式软件系统软件测试,对于测试和验证系统的要求也越来越高,数据采集、数据记录、数据激励、数据监控、数据分析等各种测试和验证系统的需求也使得综合化软件测试验证系统结构越来越复杂,基于分布式架构的软件测试系统已经成为必然趋势。结合嵌入式综合化软件测试系统的功能要求以及测试系统的特点,提出了一种基于对等架构下的分布式测试系统设计,该设计不仅能够满足嵌入式软件运行平台规模的扩展,也能够在分布式架构下实现软件运行平台内部资源的共享。     

综合模块化航电软件仿真测试环境研究

 伴随着综合模块化航空电子(IMA)软件在新一代飞机上的应用,其高复杂性、高度综合的特点以及分层的健康监控和故障管理模式给软件测试提出了挑战。传统的仿真测试环境在应对IMA软件测试中难以满足RTCA DO-178B中规定的对验证过程结果的验证的要求。本文在分析IMA软件特点的基础上,根据DO-178B的要求,综合国外的发展情况和国内的研究进展情况,研究综合模块化航电软件仿真测试环境需求,提出了基于软件故障注入的综合模块化航电软件灰盒仿真测试环境方案,并给出优势分析。该仿真测试环境方案以IMA软件为测试对象,应用软件故障注入技术和代码插装技术满足测试规范文件的要求。其具有通用灵活、适配性强、强实时性等特点,为中国新一代航电软件的系统验证和测试奠定了基础。     

基于自适应滑模观测器的航空发动机故障诊断

为解决现有航空发动机基于模型的在线故障诊断方法存在对模型精度要求高等的问题,利用滑模方法设计一种自适应滑模观测器对航空发动机进行在线故障重构、诊断与隔离。对传感器故障和执行机构故障分别设计了重构算法,针对两者重构故障的特点提出了判断逻辑,讨论了设计参数对于观测效果与抖振的影响。 Matlab/Simulink仿真结果显示,重构的故障与实际故障基本吻合,对故障的诊断、隔离、定位具有良好效果,并对环境不确定性具有优良的鲁棒性。     

Detection and diagnosis of sensor and actuator failures using IMMestimator

An approach to detection and diagnosis of multiple failures in a dynamic system is proposed. It is based on the interacting multiple-model (IMM) estimation algorithm, which is one of the most cost-effective adaptive estimation techniques for systems involving structural as well as parametric changes. The proposed approach provides an integrated framework for fault detection, diagnosis, and state estimation. It is able to detect and isolate multiple faults substantially more quickly and more reliably than many existing approaches. Its superiority is illustrated in two aircraft examples for single and double faults of both sensors and actuators, in the forms of “total”, “partial”, and simultaneous failures. Both deterministic and random fault scenarios are designed and used for testing and comparing the performance fairly. Some new performance indices are presented. The robustness of the proposed approach to the design of model transition probabilities, fault modeling errors, and the uncertainties of noise statistics are also evaluated     

Software implemented transient fault detection in space computer

Computer systems operating in space environment are subject to different radiation phenomena, whose effects are often called “Soft Error”. Generally, these systems employ hardware techniques to address soft-errors, however, software techniques can provide a lower-cost and more flexible alternative. This paper presents a novel, software-only, transient-fault-detection technique, which is based on a new control flow checking scheme combined with software redundancy. The distinctive advantage of our approach over other fault tolerance techniques is the lower performance overhead with the higher fault coverage. It is able to cope with transient faults affecting data and the program control flow. By applying the proposed technique on several benchmark applications, we evaluate the error detection capabilities by means of several fault injection campaigns. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can detect more than 98% of the injected bit-flip faults with a mean execution time increase of 153%.     

A discrete event systems approach to discriminating intermittent from permanent faults

Almost all work on model-based diagnosis （MBD） potentially presumes faults are per- sistent and does not take intermittent faults （IFs） into account. Therefore, it is common for diag- nosis systems to misjudge IFs as permanent faults （PFs）, which are the major cause of the problems of false alarms, cannot duplication and no fault found in aircraft avionics. To address this problem, a new fault model which includes PFs and IFs is presented based on discrete event systems （DESs）. Thereafter, an approach is given to discriminate between PFs and IFs by diagnosing the current fault. In this paper, the regulations of （PFs and IFs） fault evolution through fault and reset events along the traces of system are studied, and then label propagation function is modified to account for PFs and the dynamic behavior of IFs and diagnosability of PFs and IFs are defined. Finally, illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the proposed approach, and the analysis results show the fault types can be discriminated within bounded delay if the system is diagnosable.     

Component-Based Performance-Sensitive Real-Time Embedded Software

The software complexity is continuously increasing and the competition in the software market is becoming more intensive than ever. Therefore, it is crucial to improve the software quality, and meanwhile, minimize software development cost, and reduce software delivery time in order to gain competitive advantages. Recently, Component-Based Software Development (CBSD) was proposed and has now been applied in various industry and business applications as a possible way to achieve this goal. As verified by numerous practical applications in different fields, CBSD is able to increase software development productivity as well as improve software quality. Modern embedded real-time systems have both strict functional and non-functional requirements and they are essentially safety-critical, real-time, and embedded software-intensive systems. In particular, the crucial end-to-end quality-of-service (QoS) properties should be assured in embedded systems such as timeliness and fault tolerance. Herein, I first introduce the modern component technologies and commonly used component models. Then, the middleware in distributed real-time embedded systems is discussed. Further, adaptive system resource management is elaborated upon. Finally, the prospects of a component-based approach in implementing modern embedded real-time software is discussed and future research directions are suggested.     

基于ARINC429总线数据仿真测试方法的研究与应用

由于嵌入式软件对目标硬件平台的依赖性,在宿主机环境下无法编译运行。因此,在宿主机环境下通常采用仿真的方法来实现对嵌入式软件的测试。提出了一种基于ARINC429总线数据仿真的方法,通过对被测嵌入式软件代码中的读写硬件接口进行仿真,实现被测嵌入式代码在宿主机环境下动态运行,从而达到在宿主机环境下对嵌入式软件进行系统功能测试的目的。     

嵌入式软件测试研究

简要介绍了软件测试的基本概念和理论;阐述了软件测试在产品研发过程中的地位与作用;结合嵌入式系统开发的经验和从事软件测试的体会,探讨了软件测试的策略以及如何进行软件测试的设计,并提出了针对我国企业软件测试现状的软件测试解决方案。     

Future architecture of flight control systems

The development of fault tolerant embedded control systems such as flight control systems (FCS) are currently highly specialized and time-consuming. We introduce a conceptual architecture for the next decade control system where all control and logic are distributed to a number of computer nodes locally linked to actuators and connected via a communication network. In this way, we substantially reduce the life-cycle cost of embedded systems and attain scalable fault tolerance. All fault tolerance is based on redundancy. Our philosophy is to cover permanent faults with hardware replication and handle all error processing caused by both permanent and transient faults with software techniques. With intelligent nodes and use of inherent redundancy we introduce a robust and simple fault tolerant system that utilizes minimum hardware and has bandwidth requirements of less than 300 kbits/s, which can be met with an electrical bus. The study is based on an FCS for JAS 39 Gripen, a multi-role combat aircraft that is statically unstable at subsonic speed.     

嵌入式操作系统健壮性测试技术

针对机载嵌入式操作系统健壮性测试存在的问题,通过对健壮性测试技术及典型机载嵌入式操作系统构架的研究分析,提出了一种操作系统健壮性测试的模型。实际运用表明,模型高效、可操作性强,在某操作系统软件测评过程中发挥了积极作用。     

Cooperative fault detection and recovery in the GNSS positioning of mobile agent swarms based on relative distance measurements

Relative measurements are exploited to cooperatively detect and recover faults in the positioning of Mobile Agent(MA) Swarms(MASs). First, a network vertex fault detection method based on edge testing is proposed. For each edge, a property that has a functional relationship with the properties of its two vertices is measured and tested. Based on the edge testing results of the network, the maximum likelihood principle is used to identify the vertex fault sources. Second, an edge distance testing...     

基于故障注入的实时嵌入式软件仿真测试技术研究

由于强实时性、参与闭环控制、软硬件耦合及可靠性要求高等特点,飞行控制系统嵌入式软件在软件研制、测试及验收阶段往往缺少动态测试环境。本文在仿真测试技术基础上,针对飞行控制系统嵌入式软件的特点与测试需求,进行了基于故障注入技术的仿真测试技术研究,设计了一种实时嵌入式软件仿真测试平台方案。     

软件测试的控制论方法

 软件测试被认为是软件开发过程中理解最为不清的一环。部分原因是虽然有很多策略被定义和分析,但很少有策略被设计和优化。软件测试的反馈机制迄今尚未形成。基于此种情况,软件测试的控制论方法将软件测试问题当作控制问题,被测软件当作被控对象,软件测试策略当作相应的控制器,被测软件和测试策略构成一个闭环反馈控制系统。软件控制论是一门探讨软件理论和工程与控制理论和工程交叉的学科,软件测试的受控马尔可夫链方法利用受控马尔可夫链理论设计和优化软件测试策略,是软件控制论思想的体现。在受控马尔可夫链方法的框架内讨论软件系统的自适应测试,并与随机测试进行比较,发现自适应测试方法相对于传统的随机测试方法具有较大的优越性。     

航空电子软件仿真测试环境软件体系结构研究

首先介绍航空电子软件的特点,分析航空电子软件测试对测试环境的需求,提出一种分布式仿真测试环境的软件体系结构设计.基于RUP模型,以不同视图系统地对航空电子软件测试环境的体系结构进行了描述.应用代理模式,解决了分布式测试环境节点间实时通讯的关键技术.据此设计和实现的分布式仿真测试平台系统DSTE V1.0已成功地应用于多个航空电子软件系统测试工程中.     

基于模型的FADEC软件结构覆盖率分析

结构覆盖率分析是基于需求测试的补充和完善,能够发现软件中是否存在预期外的功能.在基于模型的软件开发过程中,模型覆盖率代替了传统的代码覆盖率,运用模型检查技术自动生成测试用例是形式化方法在模型覆盖率测试中的主要途径,涵盖了判定覆盖(DC)、条件覆盖(CC)、修改条件/判定覆盖(MC/DC)等多种方式.以航空发动机FADEC软件开发过程中的一个实际案例为例,结合Simulink Design Verifier分析验证工具,检验其生成的用例对模型的覆盖率,表明方法的实用性.     

基于机载多核弱序存储模型的共享内存驱动软件设计方法研究

随着航空电子系统承载的应用日趋复杂,飞机对机载计算机的计算力和功耗比要求不断提升,这也推动了嵌入式多核处理器的加速应用和普及。多核处理器在航空电子设备的深入应用,随之而来的是运行其上的软件复杂度急剧上升,面向应用的航电系统设计面临挑战。多核处理器平台由于需要面对并行、指令乱序、资源共享冲突等问题,而目前国内大多数机载嵌入式软件和驱动仍然是基于单核处理器设计和实现的,影响最大的是在机载嵌入式实时操作系统环境下的驱动软件,因此需要充分考虑多核带来的各方面影响,尤其是需要兼顾共享内存等资源的使用冲突和实时高效要求。本文结合机载航电多核处理平台的特点,提出了一种基于机载多核弱序存储模型的共享内存驱动软件设计方法,并基于该方法设计了FC总线驱动和MBI总线驱动,项目应用结果表明,设计的驱动程序在多核处理器平台上数据传输正确,验证了方法的正确性和有效性。     

基于模型的飞行管理系统安全性分析

提出一种基于模型的飞行管理系统安全性分析实施方法，首先对飞行管理系统进行了功能危害性分析， 识别了各项功能的失效状态及其影响，确定了失效状态的分类和失效概率要求。然后采用形式化语言AltaRica 对飞行管理系统模型进行了描述，借助商用软件对飞行管理系统进行了AltaRica 建模和故障树分析。分析过程 表明，基于模型的安全性分析，清晰直观，适合工程应用，是一种简单高效的安全性分析方法。     

基于虚拟仪器的机载模块性能测试系统

针对传统机载设备侧重于功能测试的技术缺陷,提出了一种机载模块性能测试系统。阐述了测试系统的架构设计和基于LabVIEW的算法实现,使用虚拟仪器技术,实现了航空电子总线ARINC429模块中信号性能的自动测试和故障报告。实验结果表明,该系统能有效完成模块信号性能的自动测试与故障报告,提高了航空电子自动测试设备的通用性与可靠性,对未来两级维修体制下的航空电子设备ATE的发展具有一定的现实意义。