用Kane方法建立的空间站大型伸展机构柔性多体动力学模型

本文采用Ｋａｎｅ方法建立了空间站大型伸展机构柔性多体系统动力学模型。该模型考虑了系统的轨道运动、姿态运动、构件伸展运动和构件弹性运动，通过约束矩阵建立系统的约束关系，所得方程具有程式化特点，便于计算机编程。该模型还可适用于空间飞行器、地面车辆、复杂机械等多体系统。     

空间站大型柔性伸展机构的动力学仿真

本文研究了考虑构件柔性效应对空间站大型伸展机构的动力学问题，在采用柔性多体系统单向递推组集建模方法的基础上建立了任意拓扑结构的柔性多体系统的动力学方程。本文头等讨论了切割铰约束方程的建立和直接违约校正方法。数值仿真结果表明了柔性效应对空间站展开机构动力学的影响。     

空间站机器人最小振动操作动力学控制

提出两种空间站机器人最小振动操作动力学方法。一种是利用空间站灵活操作臂的运动学“自运动”快速消除空间机器人大型柔性机械臂的残余振动，同时使灵活操作臂在工作时不产生使柔性大臂变形和振动的激振力。第二种方法是利用灵活操作臂与空间站和柔性大臂之间的动力学耦合零空间运动进行空间站机器人的无振动操作。推导出空间机器人系统的动力学方程，得到了柔性大臂和灵活操作臂间的作用力与机器人运动之间的关系，基于渐进稳定的控制方法实现机器人的控制，以安装在弹性基础上的平面四自由度机器人进行了仿真验证。     

一种柔性多体动力学建模方法及其工程应用

针对具有多轴天线驱动、机械臂运动、空间站舱段转位等多体运动特征的航天器,提出了一种基于浮动基座和树形拓扑结构的柔性多体动力学建模方法,用于计算机建模和与控制系统联合仿真。基于拉格朗日方程和有限元方法所建立的动力学方程考虑了大角度刚体相对转动、弹性部件振动、柔性关节变形特性。将此建模方法程序化并应用于工程实际,可解决此类航天器复杂的机构运动与弹性振动的耦合动力学建模问题,实现完全自主的动力学建模、模型代码输出和控制联合仿真功能,为此类航天器的动力学特性分析及其控制系统设计与系统级仿真验证服务。结合带多轴驱动天线和大型柔性天线的整星对象,采用该方法建模并就系统频率、频率响应、时间响应与商业柔性多体软件Adams进行对比,结果显示二者一致性良好,验证了该建模方法及其软件实现的正确性和通用性。     

考虑区间叠加不确定间隙的空间可展机构动力学研究

本文建立了考虑不确定间隙空间可展机构动力学模型，通过对不确定间隙进行描述，结合传统接触模型提出含不确定区间间隙的接触力模型，并将其嵌入展开单元动力学模型，通过切比雪夫区间求解对含区间系统动力学模型进行求解，针对区间求解中启动阶段估计不准、区间叠加误差过大、区间整合的问题与展开单元叠加问题，提出了相适应的区间扩张、局部均值分解与瞬时叠加方法降低区间求解误差，并给出区间间隙累加下动力学响应边界。结果表明:区间间隙大小主要对系统运动精度产生较大影响，而区间间隙数量对系统运动稳定度影响较为严重。区间叠加方法相比于传统拟合方法可进一步提高空间可展机构预示精度，相较于传统拟合结果可提高7.74%。     

使用单框架控制力矩陀螺的空间站姿态控制系统建模与仿真

研究使用单框架控制力矩陀螺群(SGCMGs)的空间站的姿态控制。完成空间站在轨三轴稳定飞行模式下的动力学和执行机构的建模。基于最小二乘意义下的伪逆原理设计了SGCMGs的控制律。对于框架构形的隐奇异，采用零运动躲避的算法。同时建立了框架电机的动力学、干扰和控制器的仿真模型。提出了适合工程应用的SGCMGs构形显奇异和饱和奇异的工程性的判断条件及卸载方法。为了探讨伺服机构对系统响应特性的影响，进行了分系统级的仿真。仿真模型中包括了空间环境力矩、敏感器及姿态确定模型。仿真中使用了五棱锥构形的SGCMGs，这种构形具有好的冗余度和大的角动量包络。仿真结果验证了五棱锥构形SGCMGs对大型航天器的三轴姿态控制的可行性及有效性。     

大型挠性空间结构控制系统的整体性分析与设计

本文针对大挠性空间结构控制系统中的传感器和伺服控制机构的故障问题出了一种整体性分析和设计方法。利用这一方法所设计的ＬＦＳＳ控制系统不但具有期望的动态性能，而且当某一传感器或伺服控制机构发生故障时，系统仍然具有基本的稳定性以避免结构损坏，此外，文章还讨论了与传感器和伺服控制机构故障紧密相关的冗余传感器和伺服控制机构的配置问题，文中以一个带有两块大型太阳能电池列的空间站系统为例，详细地介绍了所提出的控     

刚柔耦合状态下索杆式伸展臂多体动力学研究

索杆式伸展臂在展开过程中,其斜拉索存在大运动和大变形问题,运用传统分析方法进行仿真分析难度较大.文章基于非线性弹性理论的绝对节点坐标方法,描述了斜拉索的空间运动和变形,研究了横向框架在贮存段、消旋段、提升段和套筒外的动力学特性,实现了索-刚体组成耦合系统的多体动力学数值仿真.     

大型复杂航天器组装动力学建模方法与应用

基于完整有限元模型的大型空间复杂结构系统动力学分析因其计算量大、耗时长、效率低,而使得基于子结构的模态综合技术具有现实的应用基础。文章基于固定界面模态综合法给出复杂航天器结构组装模型,开发了大型空间组合体动力学分析软件;并以空间站三舱组合体为例,验证了该建模方法对于大规模有限元模型在复杂界面条件下的模态综合的有效性,结果表明该建模方法可以应用于工程实际。     

基于复杂干扰估计的高速NSV鲁棒自适应模糊Terminal滑模控制

针对近空间飞行器大包络高动态飞行运动特性,建立了包含复杂干扰的有效动力学系统用以描述运动过程,对系统中由于飞行物理环境产生的复杂干扰,设计了有效估计的非线性干扰观测器,有效保证了观测误差的收敛性能,采用模糊系统逼近由气动、结构变化产生的系统与增益函数不确定项,基于此设计了飞行控制系统的鲁棒自适应模糊Terminal滑模控制方案,利用Lyapunov稳定性原理证明了闭环系统的鲁棒稳定性,控制器有效抑制了不确定项与复杂干扰对系统的影响,实现了NSV复杂环境下高速运动的鲁棒自适应自主控制,仿真研究证明了控制方法的正确性与有效性。
     

Vestibular factors influencing the biomedical support of humans in space

This paper will describe the biomedical support aspects of humans in space with respect to the vestibular system. The vestibular system is thought to be the primary sensory system involved in the short-term effects of space motion sickness although there is increasing evidence that many factors play a role in this complex set of symptoms. There is the possibility that an individual's inner sense of orientation may be strongly coupled with the susceptibility to space motion sickness. A variety of suggested countermeasures for space motion sickness will be described. Although there are no known ground-based tests that can predict space motion sickness, the search should go on. The long term effects of the vestibular system in weightlessness are still relatively unknown. Some preliminary data has shown that the otoconia are irregular in size and distribution following extended periods of weightlessness. The ramifications of this data are not yet known and because the data was obtained on lower order animals, definitive studies and results must wait until the space station era when higher primates can be studied for long durations. This leads us to artificial gravity, the last topic of this paper. The vestibular system is intimately tied to this question since it has been shown on Earth that exposure to a slow rotating room causes motion sickness for some period of time before adaptation occurs. If the artificial gravity is intermittent, will this mean that people will get sick every time they experience it? The data from many astronauts returning to Earth indicates that a variety of sensory illusions are present, especially immediately upon return to a 1-g environment. Oscillopsia or apparent motion of the visual surround upon head motion along with inappropriate eye motions for a given head motion, all indicate that there is much to be studied yet about the vestibular and CNS systems reaction to a sudden application of a steady state acceleration field like 1-g. From the above information it is obvious that the vestibular system does have unique requirements when it comes to the biomedical support of space flight. This is not to say that other areas such as cardiovascular, musculo-skeletal, immunological and hematological systems do not have their own unique requirements but that possible solutions to one system can provide continuing problems to another system. For example, artificial gravity might be helpful for long term stabilization of bone demineralization or cardiovascular deconditioning but might introduce a new set of problems in orientation, vestibular conflict and just plain body motion in a rotating space vehicle.     

复杂电子系统抗核电磁脉冲设计的拓朴图法

本文针对复杂电子系统抗核电磁脉冲设计中所面临的系统结构因素和电路复杂难于进行分析的困难,提出了先将系统划分为若干个简单问题,用现有的理论加以分析,建立传输函数,再利用拓扑图论的点边关联矩阵,将简单问题综合为复杂系统响应的一种便于进行计算机辅助分析,且适用于复杂电子系统抗核电磁脉冲设计的有效方法。     

Stability of large damped flexible spacecraft with stored angular momentum

Vibrational stability of large flexible structurally damped spacecraft carrying internal angular momentum and undergoing large rigid body rotations is analysed modeling the systems as elastic continua. Initially, analytical solutions to the motion of rigid gyrostats under torque-free conditions are developed. The solutions to the gyrostats modeled as axisymmetric and triaxial spacecraft carrying three and two constant speed momentum wheels, respectively, with spin axes aligned with body principal axes are shown to be complicated. These represent extensions of solutions for simpler cases existing in the literature. Using these solutions and modal analysis, the vibrational equations are reduced to linear ordinary differential equations. Equations with periodically varying coefficients are analysed applying Floquet theory. Study of a few typical beam- and plate-like spacecraft configurations indicate that the introduction of a single reaction wheel into an axisymmetric satellite does not alter the stability criterion. However, introduction of constant speed rotors deteriorates vibrational stability. Effects of structural damping and vehicle inertia ratio are also studied.     

复杂结构充液航天器晃动动力学与姿态稳定性

复杂充液航天器的晃动及其对控制系统的影响是当前空间高技术的重要问题。 本文首先由力学变分原理导出充液复杂系统的方程式,其中包括流体力学方程和相应的边界条件,以及弹性连续介质力学方程;特别是,考虑了强毛细作用力的影响。其次,考查了微重条件下带有隔板的贮箱内的液体晃动、带有网孔隔板腔体内的液体晃动和粘弹性隔板对抑制晃动的作用。另外,本文将分析带有多腔充液自旋卫星的姿态稳定性,以及晃动、液体涡旋、贮箱偏置,能量耗散和哥氏加速度对卫星运动的影响。最后,讨论了多体系统充液挠性空间飞行器的稳定性问题。 同时,本文给出了数值计算结果和某些试验结果,并与理论分析作了对比。     

Generalized restricted circular three-body problem as a model for dynamics of binary asteroids

Exploration of the Solar System has recently revealed the existence of a large number of asteroids with satellites, which has stimulated interest in studying the dynamics of such systems. This paper is dedicated to the analysis of the relative motion of a binary asteroid. The conditions of existence of such a system (i.e., when its components do not run away) are derived in the Introduction. Then it is assumed that the satellite has no significant effect on the motion of the main asteroid, the latter being modeled as a dumbbell-like precessing solid body. The equations of motion of this system are a two-parameter generalization of the corresponding equations of the restricted circular three-body problem. It is demonstrated that in the system under consideration there exist steady-state motions in which the small asteroid is equidistant from attracting centers at the ends of the dumbbell (an analog to triangle libration points). The conditions of existence of such motions are derived, and the positions with respect to the dumbbell are analyzed in detail. Examination of the stability of the triangle libration points is reduced to investigation of a characteristic equation of the sixth degree. The stability conditions are derived in the case when the main asteroid executes near-planar motion.     

航天飞行器相对运动动力学及其控制方法

采用本地轨道从标系对两邻飞船间相对运动动力学展开研究，指出在相对运动中也存在平衡状态，用相平面方法分析了其稳定性，基于此分析，综合出相对运动控制方法，即距离速率控制方法，受控运动轨迹是一条稳定的稳态直线，进而建立了全方位距离速率控制方法。最后以系绳卫星系统和飞船安全为例完成了计算机模拟。     

SSPS-OMEGA超大型球形聚光器结构拓扑构型与设计

为同时兼顾千米量级尺度空间太阳能电站聚光系统的在轨发射安装难度、光学收集效率、稳定性及结构工艺等多方面的因素,提出采用基于球面正多面体的经纬线划分法模块化构建球形聚光器。该方法不仅可实现基础划分单元分布均匀、规格种类少,降低在轨构建与运载发射难度。而且只要合理控制弧高等分数和基础划分单元的口径就可以同时保证聚光系统的光学收集效率。理论与仿真结果显示,当弧高等分数为24时,该划分法共有25种基础单元件,整个球面被分成5762块。并且此时模块化构建的实际球形聚光器的光学收集效率与理想球面相比基本保持不变,解决了太阳能电站聚光系统设计中存在的关键问题。     

General background and approach to multibody dynamics for space applications

Multibody dynamics for space applications is dictated by space environment such as space-varying gravity forces, orbital and attitude perturbations, control forces if any. Several methods and formulations devoted to the modeling of flexible bodies undergoing large overall motions were developed in recent years.Most of these different formulations were aimed to face one of the main problems concerning the analysis of spacecraft dynamics namely the reduction of computer simulation time. By virtue of this, the use of symbolic manipulation, recursive formulation and parallel processing algorithms were proposed. All these approaches fall into two categories, the one based on Newton/Euler methods and the one based on Lagrangian methods; both of them have their advantages and disadvantages although in general, Newtonian approaches lend to a better understanding of the physics of problems and in particular of the magnitude of the reactions and of the corresponding structural stresses. Another important issue which must be addressed carefully in multibody space dynamics is relevant to a correct choice of kinematics variables. In fact, when dealing with flexible multibody system the resulting equations include two different types of state variables, the ones associated with large (rigid) displacements and the ones associated with elastic deformations. These two sets of variables have generally two different time scales if we think of the attitude motion of a satellite whose period of oscillation, due to the gravity gradient effects, is of the same order of magnitude as the orbital period, which is much bigger than the one associated with the structural vibration of the satellite itself. Therefore, the numerical integration of the equations of the system represents a challenging problem.This was the abstract and some of the arguments that Professor Paolo Santini intended to present for the Breakwell Lecture; unfortunately a deadly disease attacked him and shortly took him to death, leaving his work unfinished. In agreement with Astrodynamics Committee it was decided to prepare a paper based on some research activities that Paolo Santini performed during almost 50 years in the aerospace field. His researches spanned many arguments, encompassing flexible space structures, to optimization, stability analysis, thermal analysis, smart structure, etc. just to mention the ones more related to the space field (Paolo Santini was also one the pioneers of the studies of composite wing structures, aeroelasticity and unsteady aerodynamics for aeronautical applications). Following notes have been prepared by Paolo Gasbarri who was one of Paolo Santini collaborators for almost 15 years, they will attempt to offer a sketch of Professor Santini's activity by focusing on three main topics: the stability of flexible spacecrafts, the dynamics of multibody systems and the use of the smart structure technology for the space applications.     

A heuristic design method for attitude stabilization of magnetic actuated satellites

In this paper a heuristic design strategy for stabilizing the satellite attitude has been proposed. It is assumed that the satellite is actuated by a set of mutually perpendicular magnetic coils. Using well-known Lyapunov direct stability method it is shown that the proposed controller causes to a global asymptotic stable system for all near polar orbits. The design procedure is based on analyzing of the conceptual effects of magnetic coils on the satellite attitude motion. Considering these effects lead to some intuitive results which determine the global stabilizing control law. The performance and robustness of the designed controller against actuators saturation and quantization error have been verified using a real-time-hardware–software in-loop (RTHSIL) simulation results. These results show that the global stability can be achieved although some disturbances and restrictions exist. This stabilizing controller can be simply combined with a linear explicit model predictive controller (EMPC) to achieve a full three-axis control law.