Ti-Al系金属间化合物基叠层结构材料的制备技术与组织性能特征

Ti-Al金属间化合物相与韧性Ti交替的叠层结构材料既可以保留Ti-Al金属间化合物的高温强度,又可拥有高的室温韧性,受到研究者的广泛关注。综述Ti增韧Ti-Al系金属间化合物基叠层复合材料两种制备方法,即箔箔冶金法和气相沉积法的物理冶金学过程和致密化工艺,介绍各种技术条件下叠层材料组织结构和性能特点,并对各种技术的优缺点进行阐述。最后,对该种复合材料的未来应用领域和发展趋势进行展望,通过工艺调整来制备出具有更加合适的叠层结构和优异性能的材料,依旧是近几年的研究重点。     

特种加工技术在某新型微叠层复合材料中的应用

目前航空航天领域采用的微叠层复合材料主要集中在Fe、Ni、Ti和Al的合金或金属间化合物上。这类金属的金属间化合物具有熔点高、密度低、热导率好及抗高温性能好等优点,可被用作航空飞行器或航空发动机的高温结构材料。但是这类金属间化合物具有其本征脆性,导致其室温下的断裂韧性很差,因而应用受到限制。为解决这一问题,采用特种加工技术制备出具备微叠层结构的金属/金属间化合物复合材料是理想的手段之一。     

激光合成金属间化合物基复合材料研究进展

对激光合成颗粒增强金属间化合物基复合材料进行了研究,包括Ni3Al/WC、NiAl/TiC、Ti3Al/TiC和MoSi2/SiC,用扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪对材料成分和组织特征进行了分析,提出并讨论了影响激光合成金属间化合物基复合材料的关键问题.激光合成具有多种强韧化方法协同、提高金属间化合物强度和塑性的特点,有利于金属间化合物性能的综合改善.     

粉末冶金Ti-Al 系金属间化合物的研究

由于可以制备出组织细小、均匀的Ti-Al系金属间化合物材料,粉末冶金技术在Ti-Al系金属间化合物材料的应用研究方面具有很强的优势.本文以Ti-23Al- 17Nb( at％)和Ti-45 Al-2Cr-2Nb-(B,W)(at％)为例,介绍了粉末冶金技术在Ti-Al系金属间化合物材料制备及成形方面的制备工艺、性能和部分样件,展示了Ti-Al系金属间化合物材料在航天及武器型号方面良好的应用前景.     

TiAl合金与42CrMo扩散钎焊的界面组织及形成机理

使用真空扩散钎焊方法对870℃下TiAl/B-Ag72Cu/42CrMo进行了连接,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针成分线分析及成分定量分析等方法研究了TiAl/B-Ag72Cu/42CrMo扩散钎焊接头组织及接头反应层的形成机理.界面分析显示,B-Ag72Cu/42CrMo的界面未形成金属间化合物,而TiAl/B-Ag72Cu的界面上有Ti(Cu,Al)2金属间化合物产生.分析了连接接头金属间化合物的形成和长大机制,钎焊接头金属间化合物的形成和长大机制,分为等温凝固和冷却凝固两个阶段.元素的扩散是控制接头形成的主要因素.连接界面金属间化合物的形成和长大主要有钎料的熔化、沿晶界优先扩散、等温凝固、柱状和蘑菇状长大及纵向长大几个过程.     

利用金属间化合物增强陶瓷钎焊接头强度

研究了Ag-Cu-Ti/加Ti/N i/Ti复合层钎焊S i3N4陶瓷的接头组织与性能。结果表明,钎缝中形成了以金属间化合物为高熔点相和Ag-Cu作为基体的组织。对界面反应层的观察表明,反应层分为两层结构。保温时间、连接温度、Ti箔和N i箔厚度及Ag-Cu-Ti钎料厚度均能影响接头组织和强度。在本实验范围内,其它参数一定的条件下,分别在30m in,970℃,Ti箔30μm和N i箔60μm及Ag-Cu-Ti片150μm时取得了最大强度值。     

以Ti/V/Cu、V/Cu为中间层的TiAl合金

用真空扩散连接方法对TiAl/Ti/V/Cu/40Cr钢及TiAl/V/Cu/40Cr钢进行了研究。结果表明,以Ti/V/Cu作中间层的接头拉伸强度高于以V/Cu作中间层的接头强度。界面分析显示,Ti/V、V/Cu、Cu/40Cr钢的各个结合界面处未形成金属间化合物,而TiAl/Ti的结合界面上有Ti3Al产生;在TiAl/V的界面上有Ti3Al、Al3V两种金属间化合物产生;界面上脆性金属间化合物的产生是接头发生断裂的原因。     

不同热暴露状态下Nb/Mo多层金属复合材料微观特征分析

利用电弧沉积法研制出新型Nb／Mo多层金属复合高温结构材料，在复合材料表面制备相应的高温抗氧化涂层。在大气环境下对该材料进行了高温热暴露试验，并对不同热暴露状态的Nb／Mo多层金属复合材料进行了微观组织观察和分析。结果表明，在可靠的抗氧化涂层的保护下，Nb／Mo多层金属复合材料在1600℃热暴露15h后，其内部层间组织结构仍基本保持完整。     

Fe3Si金属间化合物高温抗氧化性能研究

采用电弧熔炼法制备了Fe3Si金属间化合物.选用AISI 304不锈钢作对比,研究了Fe3Si在800℃和900℃空气环境中的高温抗氧化性能,利用XRD,SEM,EPMA等测试设备对Fe3Si金属间化合物进行了表征.结果表明:在800℃,900℃下,Fe3Si金属间化合物都表现出较AISI 304不锈钢更好的高温抗氧化...     

难熔金属化合物掺杂对先驱体转化2D C/SiC复合材料抗氧化性能影响

提出在2D C/SiC复合材料基体中掺杂难熔金属化合物ZrB2,TaC,ZrC,制备了2D C/SiC-ZrB2,2D C/SiC-ZrC和2D C/SiC-TaC新型复合材料,考察了难熔金属化合物的引入对材料力学性能、抗氧化性能和微观结构的影响.结果表明,ZrB2和TaC的引入,能明显提高2DC/SiC复合材料的抗氧化性能;ZrC的引入对2D C/SiC复合材料的抗氧化性能极其不利.这归结于高温下ZrB2和TaC有助于在复合材料表层氧化形成ZrO2,B2O3和Ta2O5保护膜,阻止了材料内部的进一步氧化,从而提高了复合材料的抗氧化性能.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.