The X-ray luminosity function and source counts for seyferts

In the first part of this paper we obtain an X-ray luminosity function for Seyfert 1 nuclei using the optical luminosity function due to Veran (1979) and the 2 keV X-ray data primarily due to Kriss et al. (1980). This is compared with the 2–10 keV X-ray luminosity function due to Piccinotti et al. (1981) which was determined using a complete X-ray survey. In the second part of the paper we use this last function to predict X-ray source counts for Seyferts and compare these with the Einstein deep X-ray survey observations of a field in Pavo.     

Low luminosity galactic X-ray sources

Conclusions My aim in this presentation has been to begin the confrontation between models for soft X-ray emission from low-luminosity galactic X-ray sources and currently available data. I have focussed principally on disk population stars, irrespective of spectral type, luminosity class, and age; and have used predictions of source temperatures and variability to distinguish between the various models. Although much remains to be done, I believe it is already possible to state that the X-ray emission characteristics of late and early spectral types, and young and old stars share many similarities, and that an economical explanation is that we are seeing the manifestations of solar coronal surface activity modulated by the stellar parameters which govern stellar magnetic activity (for example, rotation). In some cases (such as for OB stars), a proper theory accounting for the heating of such coronal plasma does not yet exist, but I am confident that the theorists will be up to this challenge.     

High X-ray luminosity from dynamo stars

In the present work we intend to show that a stellar dynamo mechanism can produce high X-ray luminosities and also give account for modulation periods of the order thousand seconds or larger.We outline here that the model we propose does not require the presence of a very compact object in a binary system; indeed, we intend to show that faint late main sequence stars sufficiently fast rotating, can give rise by dynamo action to sufficiently high magnetic fields to give account for the strong X-ray emission of some galactic X-ray sources.We examine the possibility that also a fraction of those X-ray sources usually depicted as accreting binary systems may be interpreted as active stars supplied by the - dynamo mechanism.     

The atmospheric composition,extinction and luminosity of the LBV R71

ESO 3.6m Caspec spectra of the LMC luminous blue variable (LBV) taken at minimum have been analysed using NLTE model atmospheres and line formation calculations to derive atmospheric parameters and chemical composition. Using the silicon ionization balance and the hydrogen Balmer lines we deriveT _eff =17250, log g=1.80 and a microturbulent velocity of 15–20 km/s. The analysis yields abundance ratios by number of approximately 0.43 for He/H, 0.03 for C/N and 0.14 for O/N, implying that enrichment of the atmosphere by processed material has taken place. We have re-evaluated the reddening of R71 using IUE low resolution data and published UBVRIJHKL photometry and derive a value for A _V of 0.63. We also construct an extinction curve using archive IUE data for mid-B LMC supergiants and show that the extinction is anomalous; the 2175A bump being almost absent and the far UV rise very pronounced. A comparison of our model flux in theV-band with the observed (dereddened)V magnitude and the D.M. of the LMC (18.45), implies that the bolometric magnitude or R71 is –9.9. This is significantly higher than the value of –9.0 usually adopted for R71 and suggests that this object may not in fact be a subluminous LBV.     

我国中小型第三方物流企业发展对策

第三方物流是现代物流的发展趋势,这种物流运作模式已被越来越多的企业认可并使用。本文分析了我国中小型第三方物流企业存在的主要问题,如服务能力低、物流市场需求不足、物流人才匮乏、标准化和信息化程度低等,并在此基础上提出了具体的解决办法。     

Large scale structure of the universe

The current situation with the cosmological model and fundamental constants is briefly reviewed. Here, we concentrate on evolutionary effects of large-scale structure formation, in particular, the relationship with the quasar distribution and dynamics is discussed. We argue that groups of bright quasars with few or more than dozen of members within regions l _LS(100–150)h ^–1 Mpc found atz<2 may belong to concentrations of young rich clusters of galaxies, and thus be distant Great Attractors like the local GA or the Shapley concentration. These early large-scale galactic structures (i) provide a natural way to bias the distribution of Abell clusters, and (ii) suggest that the spectrum of primordial density perturbations is nearly flat on scales encompassing both the cluster and GAs,l=k ^–1(10,100)h ^–1 Mpc: _k ² k ³ P(k) k , =1 _–0.4 ^+0.6 , whereP(k) is the power spectrum of density perturbations.     

Coupling of macroscopic and small scale phenomena

Collisionless microscopic phenomena such as anomalous resistivity, particle acceleration and heat conduction have been successfully treated by particle simulations. Such simulations are usually restricted to volume elements and time scales that are small compared to global scales or even the space and time steps in macroscopic codes. Despite the recent code advances and increases in computing power, it remains necessary to determine the effect of macroscopic dynamics on small scale phenomena and vice versa. The sensitivity of microscopic simulation results to macroscopic boundary conditions is demonstrated. Macroscopic codes, on the other hand, are examined for their dependence on microscopic details. The consequences for the design and analysis of simulation experiments in space physics are discussed. Combining macroscopic and microscopic aspects in a single simulation, despite the usual disparity of scales, will remain a challenging problem.     

Small scale structures in the solar corona

The observational characteristics of the small scale magnetic structures are summarized. The temperature structure and temporal variability of the emission from coronal bright points, that pervade the source region of the solar wind in coronal holes and the quiet sun, and from active regions are shown to be remarkably similar. Particular emphasis is given to observations, potentially feasible with SOHO, that could resolve some of the outstanding issues regarding the role of the small scale magnetic structures in the energy balance and properties of the solar wind.     

Working group 1: Small scale features

A review is given of the activities of the working group on small scale features at the 2nd SOHO Workshop on Elba, 27 September–1 October 1993. The small scale and filamentary structure of the solar transition region, and possibly also the corona, was pointed out. The reported observations furthermore demonstrated that the upper solar atmosphere is strongly dynamical, containing rapidly flowing gas and with features changing with time. Theoretical concepts and simulations of conditions in the transition region and corona were presented and discussed. Finally some ideas on future observations and modelling were put forward.     

Large scale circulation patterns of the stratosphere

On the basis of analyses of the geographical, vertical and annual distribution for the northern hemisphere temperatures, geopotential heights, and winds at stratospheric pressure levels the general circulation patterns of the stratosphere are presented. Special attention is given to the outstanding features of stratospheric midwinter warmings and their variations in time, space, and intensity. The effects of the quasi-biennial oscillation at stratospheric levels are described. Finally some aspects of the observational problems are discussed.     

A review of scale effects in unsteady aerodynamics

The importance of scale effects is recognised generally in steady aerodynamics but is often ignored in unsteady aerodynamics. An attempt is made to remedy this situation by the compilation of a review of information on the influence of Reynolds number from a wide range of unsteady aerodynamic tests, with particular reference to wing flows. The unsteady tests considered are buffet and buffeting, dynamic tests of aerofoils and wings, pressure measurements, oscillatory control surface derivatives, and stability derivatives.

The review suggests that for the usual recommended model conditions with fixed transition, scale effects are small for fully-attached or well-separated flows, but may be large close to incipient separation. With fixed transition extrapolation from model to full scale Reynolds numbers is usually possible. In contrast, with free transition scale effects can be large for both attached and separated flows.

Much more research is needed into the magnitude of scale effects on unsteady flows at transonic speeds. Some test cases for the prediction of scale effects in unsteady aerodynamics are suggested. This review combines material presented by the author in Paper 3.4.1 ICAS-90 Proceedings (Stockholm) and Paper 27 AGARD CP 507 October 1991 (San Diego).     

Magnetic energy storage devices for small scale applications

The author considers basic principles of magnetic energy storage, structure requirements and limitations, configurations of inductors, attributes of high-T_c superconducting materials including thermal instabilities, a relative comparison with the state-of-the-art high energy density power sources, and refrigeration requirements. A review of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) technology reveals that the advent of high-temperature ceramic superconducting materials and advances in high strength materials and refrigeration technology are likely to facilitate fabrication of smaller SMES units. The design parameters of a micro superconducting magnetic energy unit for Air Force application are presented and discussed     

舰载机全机落震试验方法

舰载机全机落震试验是在实验室环境下测试舰载机着舰时结构动态载荷、动态响应以及机载设备冲击环境下功能可靠性的重要试验手段。本文提出了舰载机全机落震试验的试验方法,并对试验过程中机翼升力模拟、试验件下沉速度控制、试验件航向速度模拟及机体动态载荷测试等试验过程中的关键技术问题提出了解决方案,并通过试验对技术方案进行了验证。最后通过全机落震试验系统验证了试验方法的可行性及有效性,为舰载机着舰动态载荷及响应的测试提供了可行的试验方法,并为舰载机研制提供可靠的试验数据。     

小尺度孔的流量系数试验

对小尺度孔的流量系数进行了试验研究,并讨论了其流量系数在不同几何和流动参数下的变化规律.小孔直径为0.5,1.0,2.0 mm和3.0 mm;孔间距为5,10和20;长径比为1,2和4;倾斜角为30°,60°和90°;雷诺数Re低于6 000.通过试验可得孔的倾斜角度是影响流量系数的决定性因素之一,孔径对流量系数有显著影响,长径比和孔间距对流量系数均有不同程度的影响.该结果对小尺度孔在叶片气膜或冲击冷却的设计和研究中有重要意义.     

大型飞机在风切变环境中飞行安全尺度分析

基于低空风切变对飞行安全的影响,对大型飞机在风切变环境中的飞行安全尺度进行了详细分析.主要从风切变能量水平和飞行安全尺度进行比较,从而可以评估风切变的危险程度,而风切变的危险程度主要从风切变危险尺度和速度危险尺度来衡量.风切变危险程度如果达到飞机飞行安全尺度边界,飞机则会发出告警提示.飞行员根据告警提示采用相应的操纵方法避免危险的发生,从而提高飞机的飞行安全性.     

Precision large scale air traffic surveillance using IMM/assignmentestimators

We present the development and implementation of a multisensor-multitarget tracking algorithm for large scale air traffic surveillance based on interacting multiple model (IMM) state estimation combined with a 2-dimensional assignment for data association. The algorithm can be used to track a large number of targets from measurements obtained with a large number of radars. The use of the algorithm is illustrated on measurements obtained from 5 FAA radars, which are asynchronous, heterogeneous, and geographically distributed over a large area. Both secondary radar data (beacon returns from cooperative targets) as well as primary radar data (skin returns from noncooperative targets) are used. The target IDs from the beacon returns are not used in the data association. The surveillance region includes about 800 targets that exhibit different types of motion. The performance of an IMM estimator with linear motion models is compared with that of the Kalman filter (KF). A number of performance measures that can be used on real data without knowledge of the ground truth are presented for this purpose. It is shown that the IMM estimator performs better than the KF. The advantage of fusing multisensor data is quantified. It is also shown that the computational requirements in the multisensor case are lower than in single sensor case, Finally, an IMM estimator with a nonlinear motion model (coordinated turn) is shown to further improve the performance during the maneuvering periods over the IMM with linear models     

基于非结构网格流场超大规模并行计算

大规模并行的计算流体力学已成为现代航空工业研发的核心手段之一。基于非结构混合网格和有限体积法,发展了适用于工业级复杂外形气动计算的并行流动数值模拟方法。文中首先介绍了紧致数值离散格式、基于Metis的分布式多核系统网格分区技术、并行边界虚拟单元技术和MPI并行实现等相关算法。采用网格量相对较小的旋成体构型绕流模型对比分析多核并行计算结果与单核计算结果以验证并行计算的正确性,比较了不同并行规模下并行效率和残差收敛情况。然后通过对上亿网格单元的运输机复杂构型绕流模拟,开展并行效率的测试,结果表明,本文方法并行加速性能高,直到多达18816核并行效率都保持在80%以上。     

如何在辽宁省产业结构调整中扩大弱势群体的就业规模

介绍了辽宁省产业结构调整的基本情况,分析了辽宁省弱势群体的总体形势及辽宁省产业结构调整对弱势群体就业问题的影响,探讨如何通过合理的产业布局缓解弱势群体就业的严峻形势,从而提出在辽宁产业结构调整中扩大弱势群体就业规模的有效措施。     

基于微细梁振动位移的微尺度射流测速方法

实验研究微尺度射流流场中微细梁发生的振动过程,并提出基于该原理测量微尺度射流速度。实验使用长度56．2ram、直径约0．07mm铜丝作为微细梁,使用直径约0．36mm喷管产生的微尺度射流。使用高速摄影仪观察射流流速在2．7～27．3m／s间梁振动的变化。试验结果发现当射流喷嘴对准梁3／5处时,振动过程中振幅随射流速度上升。而当射流喷嘴对准梁的9／10和3／4处时,在高流速下,振幅不随流速上升。使用霍尔传感器和磁铁测量梁的振动,当喷嘴对准梁的3／4处,霍尔传感器输出电压有效值随射流流速线性增长。但在其他位置,由于磁铁改变了梁的均匀结构,振动随流速的变化不规律。